Chapter 8

Sounds with a sinusoid waveform (when pressure change is plotted against time)

The perceived property of sounds that enables them to be ordered from low to high

The perceived intensity of the sound

The lowest frequency component of a complex sound that determines the perceived pitch

If the fundamental frequency of a complex sound is removed, then the pitch is not perceived to change (the brain reinstates it)

The perceptual quality of a sound enables us to distinguish between different musical instruments

Part of the inner ear that converts liquid-borne sound into neural impulses

A membrane within the cochlea containing tiny hair cells linked to neural receptors

The main cortical area to receive auditory-based thalamic input

Part of secondary auditory cortex, with many projections from primary auditory cortex

Part of secondary auditory cortex, receiving projections from the adjacent belt region

The principle that sounds close to each other in frequency are represented by neurons that are spatially close to each other in the brain

In fMRI, a short break in scanning to enable sounds to be presented in relative silence

An internal model of how sounds get distorted by the unique shape of one’s own ears and head

A part of auditory cortex (posterior to primary auditory cortex) that integrates auditory information with non-auditory information, for example to enable sounds to be separated in space

The difference in timing between a sound arriving in each ear (used to localize sounds)

The difference in loudness between a sound arriving in each ear (used to localize sounds)

The problem of attending to a single auditory stream in the presence of competing streams (with different acoustic and spatial properties)—for instance, attending to one person’s voice in a noisy room of other voices

The division of a complex auditory signal into different sources or auditory objects

An ERP component that occurs when an auditory stimulus deviates from previously presented auditory stimuli

An auditory agnosia in which music perception is affected more than the perception of other sounds

A developmental difficulty in perceiving pitch relationships

Changes in the stress pattern of speech (e.g. to add emphasis), the rhythm of speech, or the intonation (e.g. rising/falling pitch to indicate questioning or sarcasm)

Patterns of pitch over time

Type of auditory agnosia in which patients are able to identify environmental sounds and music but not speech

This plots the frequency of sound (on the y-axis) over time (on the x-axis) with the intensity of the sound represented by how dark it is

Different spoken/acoustic renditions of the same phoneme

Horizontal stripes on the spectrogram produced with a relative free flow of air (e.g. by vowels)

Vibration of the vocal cords that characterizes the production of some consonants

The production of one phoneme is influenced by the preceding and proceeding phonemes

An auditory perception derived from a fusion of mismatching heard speech and seen speech