Chapter 4 – Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

The brain is composed of

Thin thread elements of various lengths

Neurons that resemble trees

Neurons that resemble grains of salt

A substance resembling jello

Question 2

Using the concept of reductionism to explain substance-use-disorder would involve what?

Showing that dopamine increased as a parallel process in the brain

Showing that drug euphoria emerges from the prefrontal cortex

Showing that drug cravings condense down to activation of nucleus accumbens

Showing the disorder reduces to the primrose path network in the brain

Question 3

The cognitive control network is important for what aspects of motivation?

Voluntary control of motivated behaviour

Unique neural nodes are responsible for the emergence of behaviour

Stabilising the reward prediction error

Maintenance of mind wandering and memory sifting

Question 4

Using deep brain stimulation to activate the hypothalamus can result in

Behaviour that prevents homeostasis from occurring

Affect

Physiological responses related to emotions

Answers b and c

Question 5

What is the function of brain networks for determining valence?

The networks determine the negative to positive quality of a stimulus

The networks determine the intensity of a stimulus plus answer a

Answer a or b are possible

The networks determine the qualia of a stimulus

Question 6

What neurotransmitter contributes to drug wanting?

Opioids

Dopamine

Qualias

Emergents

Question 7

In regard to motivating hunger and eating, what is the function of the thalamus?

It registers the taste of food

It controls homeostasis

It cognitively controls eating

It senses hunger

Question 8

What process is involved in wanting?

Reduction of the prediction error

Selection by consequence

Both answers a and b are involved

PFC inhibiting the hypothalamus

Question 9

What part of the brain registers emotional affect?

Hypothalamus

Hippocampus

Ghrelin

Insula

Question 10

What brain region is most involved in goal motivation?

Ventral tegmental area

Prefrontal cortex

Hypothalamus

Corpus callosum

Question 11

What region of the brain is involved in the memory of when you ate your last meal?

Substantia nigra

Corpus callosum

Hippocampus

Prefrontal cortex

Question 12

What hypothesis describes a correlation between connectomes and personality traits?

Similar brains/similar personalities

Thickness of the prefrontal cortex determines degree of a personality trait

There is no correlation whatsoever between connectomes and personality traits

The brain’s personality trait emerges from the brain’s personality state