Chapter 12 – Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

What characterizes substance use disorder? The disorder is characterised by the following except?

develop an intolerance for drugs.

impaired self-control regarding drug use.

social impairment from using drugs.

risky use of drugs.

Question 2

In general, psychoactive drugs refer to chemical substances that

treat symptoms of depression.

alter behaviour and mood.

activate a person’s immune system.

treat hallucinations that occur in schizophrenia.

Question 3

In regards to addictive behaviours, what does relapse mean? Relapse means

the ability of a psychoactive drug to remove negative withdrawal symptoms.

the conflict between addictive behaviours and family, social demands, or work activities.

the resumption of drug use following a period of abstinence.

the ability to tolerate more and more drugs without ill effects.

Question 4

According to the field of behavioural genetics, what factor(s) contribute(s) to drug addiction? Behavioural genetics implies that drug addiction results

only from weak will-power to abstain from drug use.

only from a genetic disposition to enjoy and use drugs.

only from an environment that puts an individual at risk for drug use.

both a genetic disposition for drug use plus an at-risk environment for drug use.

Question 5

Social control predicts __________ drug use while social triggers predict __________ drug use.

increased—decreased

decreased—increased

decreased—decreased

increased—increased

Question 6

Why are individuals high in impulsiveness more likely to become addicted to psychoactive drugs? These individuals

are surrounded by stimuli that promote drug cravings.

do not expect psychoactive drugs to provide much pleasure.

have a low awareness of the negative consequences of taking drugs.

have a high-level of self-control.

Question 7

Taking drugs to reduce withdrawal symptoms is to taking drugs to feel good as

negative reinforcement is to positive reinforcement

positive reinforcement is to positive reinforcement

negative reinforcement is to negative reinforcement

positive reinforcement is to negative reinforcement

Question 8

In opponent process theory, the initial drug-reaction to cocaine is associated with positive feelings. What type of feelings is the opponent process associated with?

positive feelings also.

neutral feelings.

unpredictable; it could be either positive or negative feelings.

negative feelings.

Question 9

How do psychoactive drugs produce their euphoric effects in the brain? The drugs

stimulate neurons in the hypothalamus.

migrate to neurons in the brain’s reward circuits.

reduce the brain’s tension.

excite all of the neurons in the brain.

Question 10

A person’s cognitive control over their use of drugs deteriorates as drug use progresses. This reduction in cognitive control occurs in what brain area?

ventral tegmental area

pre-frontal cortex

core

nucleus accumbens

Question 11

“I’ll bet you can’t eat just one” refers to the fact that if you eat one bite of a particular substance you get the overwhelming desire to eat more of it. This increase in desire for more, after eating the first one, is known as

priming.

a compensatory response.

a conditioned drug stimulus.

withdrawal.