Chapter 13 - International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond

What was the "reverse course" in American policy towards Japan in the late 1940s?

a shift towards ensuring Japanese neutrality and permanent disarmament

a renewed focus on Japanese rearmament

increased pressure on Japan to remove vestiges of militarism and feudalism

increased fear of Japanese economic competition

None

How did the Japanese government view potential rearmament in the early 1950s?

with fear that military expenditure would undermine economic recovery

with concerns that military factions would revive

with hope that full rearmament would end the humiliating postwar position of Japan

A and B

None

What was the "1955 system" in Japan?

realignment of domestic politics around a left-right division

regional alignment within Japanese politics emphasizing Tokyo-countryside division

a tacit politico-economic compromise between industry and government

a shift in Japanese policy away from any active military role in the world

None

a shift in Japanese policy away from any active military role in the world

growing pacifist movement after atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki

consolidation of communist movement in Japan

increased militarism and anger at being tied to wartime opponent

All of the above

None

Why did the Japanese economy boom in the 1960s?

linkage between government and industry

de-linkage of government and industry

de-regulation

large-scale immigrant influx

None

What role did the US play in the Japanese economic revival in the 1950s and 1960s?

increased tariffs on Japanese imports in the 1960s

brokering regional trade links with mainland China

sponsoring Japanese entry in to GATT

sponsoring Japanese entry into the WTO

None

Why did US-Japanese relations falter in the late 1960s and early 1970s?

Japanese reneging on promise to limit textile exports

manner of US diplomatic opening with China

American tariffs on imports

All of the above

None

As Japan became an economic superpower, how did its international relations change?

increased distance from the American military alliance

increased involvement in Middle Eastern affairs to secure oil supplies

increased ties to ASEAN through economic aid

All of the above

None

Why did the Japanese economy struggle in the 1990s?

the US adopted Japanese MITI-style government-business relationship

Asset bubbles in the late 1980s burst in the 1990s

Renewed oil crisis in the 1991 Gulf War

collapse of Japanese investment portfolios in the Soviet Union

None

10.

What are some of the similarities between post-war Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan?

economic focus on exports

vibrant commitment to democracy since the 1950s

emphasis on neutrality in the Cold war

lengthy periods of political instability

None