SOCIAL STATISTICS
Managing Data, Conducting Analyses, Presenting Results Fifth Edition
This tells you which row of the chi-square table to use. It is the number of rows in your crosstab minus 1, multiplied by the number of columns in your crosstab minus one
Degrees of freedom for a chi-square test
The frequencies in a crosstab that one would expect if the variables were completely unrelated to each other; finding these is a key step in conducting a chi-square test
Expected frequencies
In inferential tests, a way some people set up the tests, having two hypotheses: a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis
Hypothesis testing
A scientific sampling technique commonly used to collect large national datasets. It involves carefully sampling at smaller and smaller units of analysis until you reach individuals
Multistage cluster sampling
Used in hypothesis testing, it’s the hypothesis we are seeking to disprove
Null hypothesis
Taking a sample of a particular subgroup that is larger than the sample you would get by simple chance
Oversampling
A list that contains everyone within a population from which we want to draw a sample
Sampling frame
What we achieve if our chances of a type I error are below 0.05
Statistical significance
In hypothesis testing, it’s the hypothesis we accept if we are able to disprove the null hypothesis
The alternative hypothesis
A test of statistical inference used for a crosstab
The Chi-Square Test
Claiming there is a relationship between variables in a population when in reality there is not a relationship
Type I error