Multiple Choice Questions

What is the primary focus of health psychology?

Health psychology differs from general psychology because it specifically emphasises:

Which of the following is a common career path for a health psychologist:

Why is decolonisation of the curriculum and practice important in health psychology:

Decolonising psychology involves:

Indigenous and minority ethnic groups often face health disparities due to:

A culturally competent health psychologist working with Indigenous populations would:

Health psychology research on sex and gender minority groups highlights:

A barrier to healthcare for gender minority groups is often:

What does intersectionality mean in health psychology:

Who is considered one of the earliest figures to propose that health depends on the balance of bodily fluids or humours:

What contribution did Galen make to early medical theory:

During the Middle Ages, the Church largely influenced health and illness by:

What shift occurred during the Renaissance in medical thinking:

What key development in the 19th to early 20th century helped to reduce acute disease diseases:

The shift from infectious diseases to chronic illnesses in the 20th century led to:

The Biopsychosocial Model emphasises the interaction between:

The Ecological Model of health psychology considers:

Ethnocentrism in Western medicine refers to:

Which of the following is a key principle of culturally appropriate Indigenous healthcare:

Eastern health practices such as Traditional Chinese Medicine often emphasise:

Cultural competence in healthcare involves?

Cultural safety goes beyond cultural competence by:

What is the primary aim of epidemiology:

Ontology in research refers to:

Epistemology is concerned with:

Which of the following is most associated with quantitative research:

In the hierarchy of evidence, which design is typically at the top:

A key feature of Randomised Controlled Trials is:

Surveys are best used to:

The replication crisis highlights:

What is a central goal of the Open Science:

What characterises a systematic review:

Meta-synthesis refers to:

What is a meta-analysis:

Which of the following best describes a semi-structured interview:

A focus group typically involves:

What does content analysis involve:

Which of the following enhances trustworthiness in qualitative research:

Mixed methods research combines:

Decolonising research involves:

A key aspect of research ethics is:

Which principle is central to Indigenous research ethics:

Which of the following best describes the role of the autonomic nervous system:

The left hemisphere of the brain is generally more specialised for:

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for vision:

Which hormone is primarily released by the adrenal cortex in response to chronic stress:

The sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system is activated during:

Which gland is often referred to as the master gland of the endocrine system:

The pancreas produces which hormone to lower blood glucose levels:

What is considered a normal systolic blood pressure for a healthy adult

The medical term for high blood pressure is:

A heart attack is most accurately described as:

A stroke is usually caused by:

What is a major symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD):

Which cells are most directly responsible for producing antibodies:

Cancer is primarily characterised by:

Type 2 diabetes is characterised by:

Obesity is often defined as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) over:

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD):

What is a common risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes and certain types of cancer:

Increasing rates of obesity around the globe are thought to be due to

A major environmental factor in the development of many cancers is:

Which of the following best describes the difference between disease and illness?

Attributions in health psychology refer to:

Which of the following is a key difference between infectious and chronic diseases

Which of the following is an example of a social determinant of health:

Indigenous populations often experience poorer health outcomes due to:

LGBTQI+ individuals may face health disparities due to:

Western illness representations typically emphasise

Indigenous illness representations often focus on:

The Medicine Wheel is a model used in Indigenous health systems to represent:

A strengths-based approach to health focuses on:

Cultural humility involves:

Culturally sensitive care requires:

Which of the following is a commonly used measure of population health:

The term morbidity refers to:

What is the key difference between adherence and compliance in healthcare:

Health literacy primarily refers to:

Why is health literacy important in healthcare:

Which communication strategy is most effective for improving health literacy in patients with learning disabilities:

Which of the following is a common barrier to health literacy for LGBTQI+ individuals:

Indigenous populations may have lower adherence to medication due to:

Which of the following is NOT a common reason for non-adherence:

Which method is commonly used to assess medication adherence:

Which strategy is most effective in improving adherence:

The World Health Organisation Multidimensional Adherence Model identifies which of the following as a dimension of adherence:

Cultural beliefs may affect medication adherence by:

Which factor is most likely to affect attendance at medical appointments among Indigenous populations:

In classical conditioning, which term describes the stimulus that naturally elicits a response:

In classical conditioning, after repeated pairings, a previously neutral stimulus becomes a:

Which of the following is an example of positive reinforcement:

In operant conditioning, removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behaviour is called:

Which theory is characterised by vicarious learning:

In Bandura's Bobo Doll experiment, children who observed aggressive behaviour were more likely to:

According to Bandura, self-efficacy refers to:

A person with high internal health locus of control believes that:

Someone who believes that others are responsible for keeping them well and that their own actions do not affect their health is likely to have:

Which of the following is not a part of the Health Belief Model:

In the Health Belief Model, the belief that a person is at risk of a disease is called:

Which of the following is not a stage in the Transtheoretical Model:

A person who is aware of a health risk but not yet committed to change, is in which stage of the Transtheoretical Model:

In the Theory of Planned Behaviour, a health behaviour is most directly predicted by:

What does the 'C' in COM-B stand for:

According to the Behaviour Change Wheel, behaviour occurs when there is:

Two-Eyed Seeing refers to:

The Medicine Wheel commonly represents:

The He Pikinga Waiora model originates from which country:

He Pikinga Waiora emphasises:

Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) in research means:

Which of the following is a key benefit of Patient and Public Involvement in research:

What is stress?

Stress as a stimulus refers to:

Which of the following is a physiological aspect of stress:

The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) includes which stages:

Allostatic load refers to:

The Transactional Model of Stress emphasises:

Problem-focused coping involves:

Social support can buffer stress by:

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) studies the interaction between:

The Type A Behaviour Pattern (TABP) is characterised by:

Psychological hardiness includes:

Dispositional optimism is associated with:

Intersectionality in stress research refers to:

Microaggressions are:

Which of the following is true regarding the global rise of chronic illnesses:

Compared to high-income countries, low-income countries:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to

Smoking contributes to chronic disease by:

Which statement is correct regarding chronic illness disparities:

Which combination is most protective against cardiovascular disease

Which statement about gender and heart attacks is true:

Ethnic differences in CVD prevalence are often due to:

Indigenous populations often experience higher rates of CVD due to

Primary prevention for cancer aims to:

Which group is more likely to experience delayed cancer diagnosis due to cultural or language barriers:

Which type of cancer is most commonly diagnosed in women worldwide:

Individuals from LGBTQI+ groups may experience disparities in cancer care due to:

Which approach is essential for addressing cancer disparities in Indigenous communities:

Which statement about smoking and COPD is correct:

Which statement about the global prevalence of obesity is correct:

An obesogenic environment refers to:

Hedonic eating is:

Which statement about the global prevalence of type 2 diabetes is correct:

In adults, type 2 diabetes is most commonly associated with:

Non-modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes include:

Which of the following best defines pain according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP):

Which statement about chronic pain is true:

Acute pain is primarily:

Which theory proposes that each type of pain is carried by a specific nerve ending to the brain:

The pattern theory of pain suggests that:

The gate control theory proposes that:

The neuromatrix model emphasises that pain:

Studies on gender and pain suggest that:

Intersectionality in pain research refers to:

Indigenous views of pain often emphasise:

Research shows that patients from ethnic minority backgrounds:

Which of the following is a limitation of standard pain measurement tools like the numeric rating scale:

Culturally sensitive pain assessment requires:

Pain management programmes may be less effective for ethnic minority groups if:

Which of the following best describes the shift in the focus of palliative care over recent years:

For an Advance Decision to Refuse Treatment to be legally binding in England and Wales, it must:

Under the Mental Capacity Act, (2005) in England and Wales a person is considered to lack capacity if they cannot:

Respect for patient autonomy includes:

Palliative care primarily aims to:

According to global health data, how many African countries currently have some form of palliative care service:

A culturally competent palliative care provider should:

People from gender and sexual minority groups may face barriers in palliative care due to:

Why is access to Indigenous spiritual practices important in end-of-life care:

A major global challenge in palliative care is: