Multiple Choice Questions

Who is often credited as the founder of experimental psychology?

What is meant by the term introspection, pioneered by Wundt?

Many pinpoint the birth of congitive psychology to which year?

What are ‘connectionist models’?

In an PET experiment by Squire and colleagues (1992), priming was associated with what brian activity?

What is a “divergent problem”?

What is an “insight problem”?

What is an “ill-defined problem”?

A point of impasse during a problem is a…

The incubation phenomenon is where…

What view does the “special-process account” describe?

What idea did the “verbal overshadowing” experiments, such as Schooler et al (1993) initially support?

Which side of the brain is specialised for semantic processing concerned with detailed analysis of meaning?

Which side of the brain is specialised for coarse semantic processing less concerned with detailed analysis of meaning?

Neuroimaging studies support the idea that insight arises from…

What is productive thinking?

What is reproductive thinking?

The maximisation heuristic ensures that…

Crucial examples of similarities between problems include:

According to Runco and Jaeger’s (2012) definition, creativity requires

What are participants required to do in the Alternative Uses Task (AUT)?

Responses to the AUT can be measured in terms of which criteria?

What is one of the most consistent observations of the AUT?

What memory task is the AUT particularly similar to?

When is the default mode network typically engaged?

What is meant by attribute finding?

The assumption that creativity is about retrieving remote associates of a given stimulus whilst inhibiting the retrieval of common associates, is central to which theory?

Luft et al (2018) found that right temporal alpha transcranial stimulation had what effect on creative thinking?

What is deliberate practice?

Relating to chess, what is a template?

What model incorporates both personal and environmental factors in the development of talent?

Which of the following is deductive reasoning?

Which of the following is inductive reasoning?

Which of the following are valid forms of reasoning?

Denial of the antecedent is an example of what?

Mental models theories of conditional reasoning posit that people have…

What does the abstract Wason selection task measure?

What is the “matching bias” in abstract selection tasks?

How can Type 1 processes be described?

Abstract and thematic selection tasks….

What is the “atmosphere effect”?

Which of the following are proposed by the tripartite model, developed by Stanovich (2009, 2011, 2012)?

What is myside bias?

What does the term ‘concept’ refer to?

What do categories and concepts help us achieve?

Which of the following best capture the idea of ‘cognitive economy’?

Which of the following are challenges with defining categories?

What levels of categorisation did Rosch et al (1976) argue for?

Within Rosch’s levels of categorisation, what would a ‘bird’ fall under?

What is a critique of category learning research in the 1950s and 60s?

What is an issue with the classical view of concepts?

In the prototype model, what are instances of concepts grouped by?

Which theory is best supported by the finding that categorisation was more strongly correlated with training examples, rather than the amount of typical features? (Medin and Schaffer, 1978)

What separates the ‘grounded cognition’ approach from other models of categorisation?

What concept types are grounded cognition approaches particularly challenged by?

What do hub and spoke models argue that conceptual representation require?

What are ad-hoc categories?

What is the difference between normativism and descriptive approaches in decision making research?

Which of the following describes the availibility heuristic?

Which of the following describes the representativeness heuristic?

Which heuristic is the conjunction fallacy driven by?

What is the anchoring-and-adjustment heuristic?

What is a common critique of the original experiments assessing heuristics and judgement biases?

In dual-process theories of judgement, what does System 1 thinking encompass?

In dual-process theories of judgement, what does System 2 thinking encompass?

Which of the following is a limitation to System 1 and System 2 thinking?

What was proposed by De Neys (e.g. 2014) to address the challenges of the dual-process theory of judgement?

Which of the following statements regarding saccades and fixations is true?

During which process do we acquire information while reading a piece of text?

The Interactive Activation and Competition (IAC) model by McClelland and Rumelhart describes what process?

What is the word superiority effect?

What is word frequency?

What are participants required to do in a lexical decision task?

What is the neighbourhood size (or N) of the word “CALL”?

Which of the following statements regarding dyslexia is true?

Regarding the Dual-Route Cascaded (DRC) model, which of the following statements are true?

According to Seidenberg and McClelland’s (1989) Triangle Model, learning to read involves mapping between what?

What does articulatory suppression aim to suppress?

What does the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) aim to eliminate?

What is the Ganong effect?

What are typical findings from the visual world paradigm when participants are asked to move the picture object during the task?

According to the Cohort model of spoken word recognition…

What is the McGurk effect?

What is the distinction between fluent and non-fluent aphasias?

Which of the following statements apply to the WEAVER ++ model?

What are some similarities between the WEAVER ++ and Dell’s model?

What is dysgraphia?

Regarding bilinguilism, what did an experiment by Kirsner et al (1980) find?

Regarding bilinguilism, according to Harley (2014), most of the evidence provides support for…

What did Bialystok et al (2007) find regarding bilingual patients diagnosed with dementia?

Which of the following happens to language with age?

What are the 3 components of memory as first proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968?

What is chunking?

Which of the following is not relevant for the evidence of the distinction between short-term and long-term memory?

How is the levels of processing theory different than multi-store models?

Why do we remember some information more than others?

Which of the following is not one of the subcomponents of working memory?

Which of the following is an alternative theory of working memory?

What are the 4 long-term memory systems proposed by Schacter and Tulving in 1994?

Non-declarative memory include

Which brain region is more specifically associated with episodic memory?

What improves episodic memory?

What are some limitations of the think/no-think paradigm?

What are the two main components of Conway’s self-memory system?

What of the following is one way of accessing autobiographical memories as proposed by Conway’s theory?

Which of the following is a theory that has been proposed to account for infantile amnesia?

Which of the following is not a part of the theoretical accounts of the reminiscence bump?

Which of the following is not found across different cultures?

Which of the following variable was found to distinguish memories within the reminiscence bump from memories from other life periods?

Regarding autobiographical memory, hippocampus plays a role in…

Which is not a way in which problems with autobiographic memory contribute to depression?

Which of the following is relevant for the discussion on memory for eyewitness testimony?

Which of the following is not a technique of the cognitive interview?

Which of the following are actual findings related to fake news?

Which of the following is not a possible theoretical explanation of prospective memory?

Which of the following statements is false regarding focused auditory attention?

Which of the following serves as evidence for distinction between endogenous and exogenous attention?

In what context(s) has load theory been applied?

Which of the following is not part of the acronym in “WEIRD”?

Which of the following has been found in research regarding feature integration theory?

Which of the following is relevant for alternative theories of visual search?

Which statement is false with regards to divided attention?

What is not a theory proposed for divided attention?

What is relevant for the research underlying the distinction between automatic and controlled processing?

What is not relevant for failures in attention?

How is endogenous attention different than exogenous attention?

Which of the following is a possible alternative explanation of inattentional blindness and change blindness?

Which of the following is true of the Gestalt approach to perception?

Which pathway is a part of the retina-geniculate-striate system?

Which of the following is true of the parvocellular pathway?

What evidence(s) distinguishes the dorsal and ventral pathways?

What are elements of basic processes in vision?

How does face recognition differ from object recognition?

Which of the following is a study that has been involved in providing evidence of holistic processing from face illusions?

What does not influence face recognition?

What is involved in steering?

Damage to (X) can result (Y).

Which statement is false regarding biological motion?

Which of the following is not a perception domain?

Which of the following question is relevant to the hard problem?

Which of the following is not a part of the paradigms available for studying consciousness?

Which of the following is a theory of consciousness?

Which is an example of a condition that provides evidence from neuropsychological patients for a theory of consciousness?

How are patients in vegetative state studied?

What is an example of a proposed benefit of consciousness?

Which of the following is relevant evidence for how implicit and explicit forms of memory retrieval differ?

How is conscious/nonconscious quality of implicit learning studied in research?

How is cognitive control related to studies of consciousness?

Which study has not been involved in investigating free will and consciousness?

What is a difficulty with previous studies involving free will in the study of consciousness?

What is the consensus on the concept of free will?

Which of the following studies demonstrate how cognition is grounded in bodily experience?

Which of the following is not a claim of embodied cognition as an approach?

In contrast to the traditional view, how is the radical embodied approach different?

How is diet related to cognition?

The Californian Verbal Learning Test was used to look for evidence in…

Which clinical case has demonstrated the interaction between illness and cognition?

The chronic phase for stroke can be broadly thought of as …

Cognitive problems often arise in patients with…

Why might obesity be associated with cognitive decline?

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) can manifest itself as…

Which research study is relevant to how end stage renal disease (ESRD) is implicated in cognitive decline?

Which research study is relevant to how obesity is implicated in cognitive decline?

What was the journal article that identified questionable research practices (QRPs)?

Which of the following journals was not a part of the Open Science Collaboration for study of replicability?