Multiple Choice Questions

The most commonly studied technology within cyberpsychology is:

Who identified ‘flow’, a component of which is a distorted sense of time:

The American Psychiatric Association (2013) first included ‘Internet Gaming Disorder’ in which edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

Cyberpsychology encompasses how many main aspects?

Virtual reality devices are increasingly being aimed at the consumer market, and psychologists have particularly explored their potential in the treatment of:

Internet use has increased between 2000 and 2014 by how much?

Which of the following activities is NOT a typical feature of good research

Statistical techniques that combine data from multiple studies to provide more precise estimates of statistical effects than individual studies are called:

When the researcher collects original data, specifically for their research project it is referred to as what?

Non-Reactive Data Collection methods are typically seen as:

Conducting Focus groups allows the researcher to:

The most useful research method to use when trying to establish causation is…

Typical advantages to conducting research online (compared to offline) include:

The varied settings of online participants is particularly problematic for researchers if…

Bakardjieva & Feenberg (2001) argue that online researchers are susceptible to what unethical research practice.

The acronym ‘CMC’ appears regularly in cyberpsychology literature and stands for:

Online communication that occurs when the individuals are not simultaneously interacting is known as:

‘GR8’ is an example of which kind of acronym/abbreviation?

Tossell et al. (2012) found that, in SMS, most emoticons were sent by _______ and most diversity in emoticons was evident in ________:

Online communication can be considered a ‘lean medium’ or an example of ‘cues – __________ – out’

Pearce and Cronen’s (1980) ‘Rules Theory’ is based on an assumption that human communication is rule guided and rule following, and that social patterns guide our communication. They proposed the ____________ of ____________ model.

Which type of rules outlined by ‘Rules Theory’ (Pearce & Cronen, 1980) describes when it is appropriate to do certain things, and what should be done next in an interaction?

Berger’s theory of communication describes the role of what variable in progressing relationships?

Which of the following is not an element proposed by Walther in hyperpersonal CMC?

The ‘SIDE’ model acronym stands for:

What is an identifiable environment?

The Equalisation Hypothesis suggests that the removal of social cues leads to what?

SIDE theory suggests that group cohesion will exist if complete ___________________exists. Fill in the missing word.

Selectively self-presenting to reveal socially desirable attitudes and dimensions of the self is known as?

Zhao, Grasmuck and Martin (2008) challenge the distinction between which two selves?

Individual communication styles vary. What type of personalities are self–focused?

Communicators are more likely to have anchored relationships compared to broadcasters. What type of online interactions are they likely to participate in?

What is a person’s identity?

Higgins (1987) proposes the self in which three domains?

Which type of anonymity does technical or discursive anonymity refer to?

What is trolling?

Which of the following is a known motivation to troll others?

What is the name given to trolling that does not involve abusive language?

Machiavellianism is considered to be part of what set of personality traits?

A way to put a stop to trolling might be to…

What famous test allegedly measures implicit attitudes?

Which of the following is an example of implicit behaviour?

Who are the theorists most associated with devising Social Identity Theory?

In 1954, what did Gordon Allport outline as a phenomenon to reduce intergroup bias?

What is the name given to the loose collective of anti-feminist spaces online?

Which of these is not an indicator of cyberstalking?

According to Pew Research Center, what percentage of women identify as a ‘gamer’ of any kind?

Which of the following could be considered to be a transient negative behaviour in online games?

Which of the following could be considered to be a strategic negative behaviour in online games?

A strategic negotiation of how one presents one’s self to audiences is known as:

At almost every stage in a relationship, daters attempt to reassure themselves about aspects of their partner or relationship. This is called:

Social cues such as body language and facial expression are absent in CMC. Social information processing theory explains that we:

Levels of emotion involved in communicating online can be as high or higher than face-to-face. This is called:

People prefer others who have similarities to themselves. This is known as:

Photographs are used to validate the information in an online dating profile because they are not easily manipulated. This is called:

Social penetration theory explains that:

Online daters typically prefer others with similar characteristics to themselves. There is one characteristic where people prefer dissimilar others, this is:

The visual appearance of written language that people use to communicate in CMC is called:

The cognitive bias that occurs when one element of the profile, usually the photograph, influences the observer’s impression of the rest of the profile is known as:

Students who frequently multi-task show increased…

Which of the following does not generally sharpen memory and attention?

In an observation of study periods, how long typically did students work on task before switching?

Which activity is the least likely to interfere with study?

Students who multitask are most likely to do so for the following reason:

Which of the following is not an attention network system?

Allowing the brain to rest e.g., through a short walk can facilitate:

According to Clifford Naas, Stanford students typically use how many media sources simultaneously?

Ability to resist marshmallows predicted:

In the ‘invisible gorilla’ experiment, approximately what percentage of participants failed to notice the gorilla when watching the video for the first time?

Which of the following is not a characteristic of group dynamics online or offline?

Which of the following, relates to how people portray their identities online?

Identity-driven online cliques are sometimes referred to as:

Groupthink and social loafing are concepts that relate to:

Group norms refer to which of the following?

Who reported that when individuals interact online they experience less inhibition perhaps due to fewer social constraints being present in online contexts compared to f2f interactions?

Kaye and Quinn (2020) studied psychosocial outcomes associated with engagement in the online group chat of which of the following technology platforms?

Which of the following is considered a potential negative feature of online group membership?

Which of the following specific online problems did Savolainen et al. (2020) investigate?

Which of the following is not a peer-reviewed Cyberpsychology journal?

Captology is the field which looks at?

How many types of influence are there?

Conformity is the change in attitudes as a result of:

Cialdini (2001) has identified ___ principles of compliance

Which of the following is a persuasive technology tool?

The two-step technique which works when the person is first presented with an extremely large request and then with a more modest second request is:

What approach provides feedback on consequences of individual choice?

We generally conform because:

The persuasion model which takes two routes of persuasion into account is:

The way in which we engage with information has been called:

Communication Privacy Management Theory was proposed by:

Knowing that it is important to maintain security or privacy, but failing to do so, is termed the knowing–doing ___:

Websites use which of the following to record information about user visits and activity?

Clarifications regarding which right have helped to reduce the permanency of online information?

Which of the following was proposed by Kahneman as a fast, instinctive method of thinking?

Marder, Joinson and Shankar (2012) suggest that problems may arise in online communications when there are conflicting social _____:

Which of the following is not an element of Rogers’s Protection Motivation Theory?

Which method of managing undesirable photographs on social media did Lang and Barton (2015) note as being the preferred method?

Stieger, Burger, Bohn, and Voracek (2013) referred to the complete removal of a social networking profile as:

If an individual has recently experienced negative consequences of disclosure of personal information, they are more likely to be affected by:

Which of the following is an example of an Internet-specific crime?

Many researchers and authors feel that the term ‘child pornography’ implies consent, and instead use which of the following terms?

Which of the following was not a typology of crime suggested by David Wall?

Which of David Wall’s typologies includes the offence of hate speech?

Which theory of crime attempts to explain crime in terms of criminal decision making given the possibilities of reward and punishment?

If an individual justifies digital piracy by indicating that they are not actually harming the victim, they are demonstrating the occurrence of:

Which of the following is not identified in Routine Activity Theory as an element which is required to be present for crime to occur?

A phenomenon similar to neutralisations which is often demonstrated by child predators and collectors/distributors of explicit images containing children is called:

A type of malware which disables access to files and makes a request for money in order to access them again is called:

‘General Strain Theory’ was developed by:

What is psychopathology?

What is the function of the DSM-5 and DSM-5TR?

Which of the following on-line activities may be conidered addictive? (Tick all that apply).

Identify the online activities that can cause disruption to everday functioning? (Tick all that apply).

Which activities can Problematic Internet Use (PIU) be applied to? (Tick all that apply).

Nomaphobia is considered… (Tick all that apply).

The issues regarding the validation of the growing number of social media addiction scales include: (Tick all that apply).

Virtual Reality is a treatment option available to the mental health practitioner. Why is it useful?

Pesky gNATS is an example of…

Online-counselling is a relatively new form of therapy. How can this be carried out? (Tick all that apply).

Which of the following terms is used to describe e-sport participants?

What does the abbreviation, GPS, stand for?

In what sport does the Television Match Official role exist?

Which of the following individuals did many parents turn to for sport training advice, to help their children remain physically active when they has to ‘stay at home’ during the Covid-19 pandemic?

Hurley (2021) published a paper examining sport cyberpsychology during the Covid-19 pandemic in what journal?

Which of the following two athletes, in mid-2021, were in the top three most followed individuals on the social media platforms Instagram and Twitter?

More detailed investigations of the importance of physical activity in ageing populations, to protect against age-related illnesses is needed, according to which of the following researchers?

Solberg (2014) reported some benefits of which of the following?

What percentage of physicians, psychologists, and social workers expressed a desire for more guidance in navigating ethical issues related to SMNs (according to Anderson & Guyton, 2013)?

When searching for health-related information online, individuals should be aware that much of the information published online may often be:

Traditional organizations, such as factories and large department stores had…

Advances in technology are likesly to have…

Businesses today…

Virtual organizations can be described as…

Some of the problems that Virtual Teams have include: (Tick all that apply).

Challenges for future career planning include: (Tick all that apply).

Technology may also have a darker side, which of the following apply? (Tick all that apply).

Cyberdeviant behaviour is often mentioned in connection with children and teenagers. Which concepts can be applied in the workplace? (Tick all that apply).

Future organizations are likely to be: (Tick all that apply).

Future employers will employ:

What is learning?

What is emergency remote teaching?

Educational technology is a term used to describe:

What is YouTube?

What is multimedia?

Multimedia learning is learning with _______ and ___________:

What is a virtual learning environment (VLE)?

Online learning is an example of learning supported by the Internet. Which of the following types of learning is NOT supported by the Internet?

The Internet enables experiential learning because

What is a flipped classroom? It is a classroom where

Creating a typology of customers based on their characteristics is called:

Brand awareness is:

A strong brand reputation leads to _________ through development of __________:

The most influential variable affecting willingness to shop online is:

Brand social media experiences are important in generating trust, commitment and a consumer-brand relationship. Most important to this is that consumers:

Which of the following is more likely to increase repurchase intention?

Consumers are empowered in two areas of online shopping, these are:

The following are customer segments. Which of these is the highest spending shopper?

Which factors make some make people less willing to shop online? Select these from the options below.

The most important element of a website for influencing credibility is: