{"id":118,"date":"2024-10-14T09:27:14","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T09:27:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/?post_type=content&#038;p=118"},"modified":"2025-05-07T07:36:22","modified_gmt":"2025-05-07T07:36:22","slug":"chapter-13-basics-of-light-and-lighting","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/resources\/chapter-13-basics-of-light-and-lighting\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 13: Basics of Light and Lighting"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Everything can be transformed, deformed, and obliterated by light. Its flexibility is precisely the same as the suppleness of the brush.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-short-film-examples\">Short Film Examples<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">\n<media-player  load=\"visible\" id=\"vidstack-video-block_ab5434c7ce33f4f6ae249c802fbcc008\" class=\"vidstack-video\" title=\"The Black Hole\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=9R9aEIW2bOA\">\n  <media-provider>\n                  <media-poster\n          class=\"vds-poster\"\n          alt=\"\">\n        <\/media-poster>\n\n  <\/media-provider>\n  <media-video-layout><\/media-video-layout>\n  <media-controls class=\"vds-controls\">\n      <media-controls-group class=\"vds-controls-group\"><\/media-controls-group>\n  <\/media-controls>\n<\/media-player>\n\n\n<p>The Black Hole<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-helpful-downloads\">Interactive Figures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/interactive-figures\/fig13_12.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Figure 13-12\">Figure 13-12<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/interactive-figures\/fig13_15.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Figure 13-15\">Figure 13-15<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-high-resolution-and-color-figures\">High Resolution and Color Figures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-df4581a5 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622570b68&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622570b68\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"459\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-3-1024x459.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a man standing by a window, depicting variations in lighting and subject positioning, while a diagram presents detailed lighting setup and equipment placement.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-315\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-3-1024x459.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-3-300x135.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-3-768x344.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-3-1536x689.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-3-2048x918.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The placement of lighting units determines the angle of illumination and the angle at which shadows fall. Pictured are five standard angles along the same horizontal plane: (a) frontal, (b) \u00be front, (c) side, (d) \u00be back, and (e) back. ( Go to the Voice &amp; Vision companion website to see this figure in high resolution.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622570f3a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622570f3a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"879\" height=\"224\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-5.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents two surfaces with incident light rays, depicting specular reflection on a smooth surface labeled a and diffuse reflection on a rough surface labeled b.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-316\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-5.jpg 879w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-5-300x76.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-5-768x196.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 879px) 100vw, 879px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A specular surface, like a mirror or a polished reflector (a) maintains the directionality of the light rays it reflects. A diffused surface (b), like foam core or a matte reflector, scatters the light rays, changing the quality of the light from hard to soft.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf6225712a8&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf6225712a8\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"478\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-6-1024x478.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents a light source projecting onto three surfaces at increasing distances, depicting intensity reduction as distance increases from 1 times to 3 times.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-313\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-6-1024x478.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-6-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-6-768x358.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-6-1536x717.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-6.jpg 1699w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The inverse square law. Doubling the distance from the light source to our subject means that the illumination is spread over four times the area and is therefore only one fourth the intensity.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622571623&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622571623\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"374\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-7-1024x374.jpg\" alt=\"Two photos present hands casting shadows on a wall, with the left depicting a sharp-edged shadow and the right depicting a blurred, diffused shadow.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-318\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-7-1024x374.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-7-300x110.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-7-768x280.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-7.jpg 1416w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hard light creates sharp shadows (left) because the light beams maintain their parallel direction. Soft light (right) creates diffused shadows because the scattered light beams reach the subject from many directions.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622571983&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622571983\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"405\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-8-1024x405.jpg\" alt=\"Two photos present a woman under different lighting setups, depicting harsh direct lighting with deep shadows and diffused lighting creating a softer, evenly lit appearance.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-314\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-8-1024x405.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-8-300x119.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-8-768x304.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-8-1536x608.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-8.jpg 1585w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Hard light can be softened (diffused) by applying diffusion material in front of it (left) or by bouncing it off a white surface, like foam core (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622571cf7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622571cf7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"644\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-10-644x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents a color temperature scale in Kelvin, depicting light sources from 1000 K to 8000 K, including candle flame, tungsten, sunlight, and overcast daylight.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-317\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-10-644x1024.jpg 644w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-10-189x300.jpg 189w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-10.jpg 728w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 644px) 100vw, 644px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">This chart shows the color temperatures of various common light sources measured in degrees Kelvin. See the color insert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622572051&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622572051\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"807\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-12-807x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Five photos present a woman under different lighting angles, depicting variations in shadow intensity and facial illumination, arranged around a diagram with labeled positions a to e.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-319\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-12-807x1024.jpg 807w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-12-236x300.jpg 236w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-12-768x974.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-12-1211x1536.jpg 1211w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-12.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 807px) 100vw, 807px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The placement of lighting units determines the angle of illumination and the angle at which shadows fall. Pictured are five standard angles along the same horizontal plane: (a) frontal, (b) \u00be front, (c) side, (d) \u00be back, and (e) back. ( Go to the Voice &amp; Vision companion website to see this figure in high resolution.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf6225723b4&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf6225723b4\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"349\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-13-1024x349.jpg\" alt=\"Two photos present a woman under different lighting angles, depicting overhead lighting casting deep shadows and upward lighting creating an inverted shadow effect on her face.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-320\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-13-1024x349.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-13-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-13-768x261.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-13-1536x523.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-13-2048x697.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The vertical angle of a lighting unit can dramatically change the look of a subject. Pictured are a high-angle frontal (top) and a low-angle frontal (bottom).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf62257271c&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf62257271c\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"976\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-15-976x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Five photos present a woman in a library under different lighting setups, arranged around a diagram depicting key, fill, backlight, set, special, and practical lighting positions.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-321\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-15-976x1024.jpg 976w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-15-286x300.jpg 286w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-15-768x806.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-15.jpg 1395w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 976px) 100vw, 976px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The individual elements used in the lighting setup for this scene (a) include the key light (b), fill light (c), backlight (d), and a set light focused on the shelves (e). There are two other lights as well: a small special light on the books and a lamp practical (e). Notice that the lamp is not powerful enough to serve as a backlight, but it provides the motivation for it (d). ( Go to the companion website to see this figure in high resolution and color.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622572a95&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622572a95\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"835\" height=\"732\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-19.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents a two-light setup, depicting key and fill lights positioned at angles illuminating a subject, with two labeled figures, a and b, and a camera placement.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-322\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-19.jpg 835w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-19-300x263.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-19-768x673.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lighting ratios are expressed as key + fill : fill. To determine this ratio you first measure the intensity of both the key and fill lights falling on your subject (right meter). Then you measure the intensity of only the fill light (left meter) by turning off or shielding your meter from the key light.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622572def&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622572def\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1023\" height=\"803\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-25.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a sky with scattered clouds and tree branches, depicting arrows labeled f stop 5.6 and f stop 22 to indicate differences in light exposure.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-323\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-25.jpg 1023w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-25-300x235.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-25-768x603.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1023px) 100vw, 1023px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A cloudy day can present a difficult exposure challenge, because available light can change from second to second, and the difference between sunny and cloudy areas can be as much as 4 or 5 f-stops!<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622573146&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622573146\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"300\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-28-1024x300.jpg\" alt=\"Two photos present a nighttime city street with a caf\u00e9, depicting differences in exposure settings affecting brightness, contrast, and visibility of details in lights and shadows.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-327\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-28-1024x300.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-28-300x88.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-28-768x225.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-28-1536x450.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-28-2048x600.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Dusk-for-night shooting. Both images were shot at dusk, when some daylight remained but headlights and streetlights had turned on. The left frame was shot with the correct exposure, and the right image was taken 2 stops underexposed, giving the impression of night.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf6225734dd&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf6225734dd\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"731\" height=\"401\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-31.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a fanned-out collection of color correction and diffusion filter samples, labeled Cinegel and LEE filters.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-328\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-31.jpg 731w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-31-300x165.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 731px) 100vw, 731px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Gels come in hundreds of colors and intensities, including color correcting, neutral density, and diffusion media. See the color insert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622573835&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622573835\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"414\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-32-1024x414.jpg\" alt=\"Two photos present the application of transparent sheets, depicting a person attaching a gel filter to a studio light labeled a and another applying a window film labeled b.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-330\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-32-1024x414.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-32-300x121.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-32-768x310.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-32-1536x621.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-32.jpg 1591w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">CTO and CTB gels are used to correct the color temperature of a light source. CTBs are placed on movie lights to make them \u201cdaylight\u201d (a), and CTOs are placed on windows to make them \u201ctungsten\u201d (b). See the color insert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622573bb1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622573bb1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"828\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-33-1024x828.jpg\" alt=\"Three photos present an office setting under different lighting conditions, arranged alongside a diagram depicting a lighting setup with a 3200-K source corrected to 5600-K using a C-T-B filter.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-333\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-33-1024x828.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-33-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-33-768x621.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-33-1536x1242.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-33-2048x1655.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">With your white balance set for daylight (5,600 K) the sunlight coming through the window will be correct, but the tungsten light (3,200 K) will appear excessively orange (top). Placing a CTB gel over the tungsten unit changes it to daylight (center), matching the color temperature of all sources (bottom). See the color insert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622573f01&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622573f01\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"766\" height=\"610\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-34.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a multi-story apartment building, depicting a strong diagonal shadow cast across the facade, creating a contrast between illuminated and shaded sections.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-334\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-34.jpg 766w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-34-300x239.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 766px) 100vw, 766px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Neutral density gels work like their glass filter counterparts, cutting the intensity of light without changing its quality or color. Pictured are ND 0.6 (left) and ND 0.3 (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622574258&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622574258\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"637\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-35-1024x637.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a woman indoors near a window, depicting balanced indoor lighting on her face while the bright outdoor background appears overexposed with reduced detail view.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-336\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-35-1024x637.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-35-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-35-768x478.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-35-1536x956.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-35-2048x1275.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Neutral density gels help control the extreme dynamic range caused by shooting against windows. This subject was shot in a relatively dark interior location with sunny streets visible through the window behind her. Taping ND9 gel on the window brings exterior and interior exposures closer (left half); the right half of the window was intentionally left uncovered.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf6225745bc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf6225745bc\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"930\" height=\"830\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-37.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a professional camera rig with a matte box attached to the lens, depicting labeled filter holders and a top flag.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-329\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-37.jpg 930w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-37-300x268.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-37-768x685.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 930px) 100vw, 930px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Matte boxes sit in front of a camera lens and block unwanted light from hitting the lens. They can also have filter holders for rectangular glass or plastic filters. This matte box accommodates three filters.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622574909&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622574909\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"990\" height=\"760\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-38.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents hands holding two square camera filters against a cityscape, depicting differences in light transmission and contrast between the transparent and darkened filters.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-335\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-38.jpg 990w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-38-300x230.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-38-768x590.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 990px) 100vw, 990px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Neutral density filters cut the amount of light entering the lens without changing its color. ND 0.3 (left) reduces light by 1 stop and ND 0.6 (right) cuts the light by 2 stops. These are 3 x 3 filters that fit into a matte box filter holder.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622574c92&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622574c92\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"545\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-39-1024x545.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a man wearing glasses and headphones in a dimly lit recording studio, positioned near a professional microphone with a pop filter.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-324\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-39-1024x545.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-39-300x160.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-39-768x408.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-39-1536x817.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-39-2048x1089.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Diffusion filters are used to soften the image while maintaining sharp focus. Notice in this shot, from Sluser&#8217;s Path Lights, the glow on the metal highlights and hair and the softness added to Bobby&#8217;s (John Hawkes) face. See the color insert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622574feb&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622574feb\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"370\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-41-1024x370.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents a circular polarizing filter affecting light transmission, depicting incoming light labeled a and adjusted light labeled b after passing through the rotating filter.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-325\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-41-1024x370.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-41-300x108.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-41-768x278.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-41.jpg 1173w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">When shooting shiny or transparent surfaces, the reflected and direct light travel together toward the lens (a). To &#8220;catch&#8221; reflected light, the pola is rotated until it blocks the off-axis light rays, so that only direct light (b) passes through.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf62257535b&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf62257535b\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"275\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-42-1024x275.jpg\" alt=\"Three photos present a storefront window with a mannequin and stacked boxes, depicting varying reflection levels as a polarizing filter reduces glare and enhances visibility inside.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-326\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-42-1024x275.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-42-300x81.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-42-768x206.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-42-1536x413.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-42-2048x550.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The pola filter at work. Glare on the window makes it difficult to see through it (left). Turning the polarizing filter shows the gradual reduction of the light glancing off the window&#8217;s surface (center). At its most effective angle, the pola can almost completely eliminate glare (right).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf6225756e1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf6225756e1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"343\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-44-1024x343.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents three graduated neutral density filters, depicting varying darkness levels transitioning from dark to clear.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-332\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-44-1024x343.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-44-300x100.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-44-768x257.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-44.jpg 1198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Grad filters gradually introduce a filter effect into a portion of the frame. Shown are (from left to right) ND 0.9 grad., ND 0.6 grad., and ND 0.3 grad.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622575a91&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622575a91\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"830\" height=\"1024\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-47-830x1024.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents two lighting configurations labeled a and b, depicting adjustments in lamp position affecting beam focus, with corresponding light projections for sharp and diffused edges.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-331\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-47-830x1024.jpg 830w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-47-243x300.jpg 243w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-47-768x948.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-47.jpg 1079w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 830px) 100vw, 830px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Fresnels have a lens (3) that focuses the beam more effectively than open-faced lights. In the spot position (a), the bulb (2) and the reflector (1) are farther from the lens, creating a sharp beam. When flooded (b), the bulb and reflector are brought closer to the lens, creating a wider throw.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622575dec&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622575dec\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"399\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-50-1024x399.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a woman sitting next to a large, glowing circular light source, casting strong illumination on one side of her face in a dimly lit setting.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-337\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-50-1024x399.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-50-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-50-768x299.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-50-1536x598.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-50-2048x797.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;Chinese lantern&#8221; globes provide a source of soft light, especially for close-ups on faces.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cf622576149&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cf622576149\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"778\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-53-1024x778.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a person adjusting lighting settings on a smartphone app, depicting a circular light source in the background responding to the selected controls.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-338\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-53-1024x778.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-53-300x228.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-53-768x584.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-53-1536x1167.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-13-53-2048x1557.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Many LED lights designed for film production can be controlled via Bluetooth with a smartphone app like Sidus Link, allowing filmmakers to adjust a light&#8217;s color temperature, saturation, intensity, and a variety of lighting effects that can simulate anything from fireworks to a police car&#8217;s lights. See the color insert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-container-2 is-position-sticky\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0\"><strong>On this page<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6fe931d8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-short-film-examples\">Short Film Examples<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-helpful-downloads\">Interactive Figures<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-high-resolution-and-color-figures\">High Resolution and Color Figures<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":29,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-118","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-chapter-resources"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/29"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}