{"id":115,"date":"2024-10-14T09:25:23","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T09:25:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/?post_type=content&#038;p=115"},"modified":"2025-05-06T13:34:00","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T13:34:00","slug":"chapter-10-the-camera-lens","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/resources\/chapter-10-the-camera-lens\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 10: The Camera Lens"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>It is often said that \u201cthe lens is the eye of the camera.\u201d This is true, in that light enters through and is controlled by the lens, and ultimately this light registers an image. However, there are many things that the human eye and human psychology of perception do automatically, which, on a lens, must be accomplished manually. Framing, focusing, and exposure are activities we rarely consciously think about with respect to our own eyes, but a lens requires us to deliberately set each of these functions; and with each we are presented with a range of possibilities that ultimately represent the creative potential of any lens and its contribution to the aesthetic palette of a filmmaker. Always keep in mind that when setting lens functions, there is often no absolute \u201cright\u201d choice; rather, you must find the appropriate settings for what you want to communicate. On every single shot, you get to decide, from a wide range of possibilities, the framing and visual perspective within the frame, how near or far things appear, how bright or dark your scene and subjects are, and what is or isn\u2019t in focus. Knowing how lenses work will help you choose the right lens and the best settings to create expressive images. It is helpful to remember that the lens is much more than just the eye of the camera: it becomes the eyes of your audience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-short-film-examples\">Video Figures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">\n<media-player  load=\"visible\" id=\"vidstack-video-block_885c14f416349c34454537170bfb443c\" class=\"vidstack-video\" title=\"Figures 10-18 and 10-20 \u2013 Pulling Focus\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=IFQ5ZcH2vw4\">\n  <media-provider>\n                  <media-poster\n          class=\"vds-poster\"\n          alt=\"\">\n        <\/media-poster>\n\n  <\/media-provider>\n  <media-video-layout><\/media-video-layout>\n  <media-controls class=\"vds-controls\">\n      <media-controls-group class=\"vds-controls-group\"><\/media-controls-group>\n  <\/media-controls>\n<\/media-player>\n\n\n<p>Figures 10-18 and 10-20 \u2013 Pulling Focus<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">\n<media-player  load=\"visible\" id=\"vidstack-video-block_87a9ba59700d5657af052d2f8595fe1a\" class=\"vidstack-video\" title=\"Figures 10-29 and 13-38 \u2013 Using ND Filters\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=G3WZIz9ul8c\">\n  <media-provider>\n                  <media-poster\n          class=\"vds-poster\"\n          alt=\"\">\n        <\/media-poster>\n\n  <\/media-provider>\n  <media-video-layout><\/media-video-layout>\n  <media-controls class=\"vds-controls\">\n      <media-controls-group class=\"vds-controls-group\"><\/media-controls-group>\n  <\/media-controls>\n<\/media-player>\n\n\n<p>Figures 10-29 and 13-38 \u2013 Using ND Filters<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-helpful-downloads\">Interactive Figures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/interactive-figures\/fig10_10.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"Figure 10-10\">Figure 10-10<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-high-resolution-and-color-figures\">High Resolution and Color Figures<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-df4581a5 wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda46ce3&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda46ce3\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"691\" height=\"231\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-1.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents an optical system depicting light passing through a convex lens to form an inverted image of a chess knight on a sensor with labeled focal length.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-291\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-1.jpg 691w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-1-300x100.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 691px) 100vw, 691px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Simple image formation by a lens. A lens gathers incoming light and focuses it on the image plane (the sensor). At the optical center, the image is not only flipped, but also reversed.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda4724a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda4724a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"883\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-6.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents the internal structure of a zoom lens depicting adjustable elements, alongside a photo of a professional video camera with a mounted zoom lens.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-294\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-6.jpg 583w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-6-198x300.jpg 198w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A zoom lens changes focal length by shifting the position of the internal optical center elements (a) by adjusting the zoom ring (b) (top). Some cameras have a servo zoom motor controlled by a rocker switch (c) that lets you glide from one focal length to another (bottom).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda4767f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda4767f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"706\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-10-1024x706.jpg\" alt=\"Six photos present two individuals near a columned building, depicting perspective changes from varying focal lengths, while overhead schematics present corresponding camera placements.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-293\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-10-1024x706.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-10-300x207.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-10-768x529.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-10.jpg 1386w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Changing focal length versus moving the camera to achieve a specific shot size has a significant impact on the field of view and the perspective of the image. The left column shows three frames from a stationary camera: wide angle (a); normal (b); telephoto (c). The right column shows three frames all taken with a wide-angle lens and moving the camera. (See this as a high-resolution interactive example online.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda47a62&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda47a62\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"872\" height=\"703\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-13.jpg\" alt=\"A photo presents a professional camera lens with labeled adjustment rings, depicting focus distance, aperture, and zoom settings, while arrows indicate specific measurement points.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-290\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-13.jpg 872w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-13-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-13-768x619.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Lens markings: the focusing ring on a lens has a series of distances engraved in feet or meters (a), which are aligned to a witness mark (b). Zoom lenses have their focal length settings in millimeters etched into the zoom ring (c) and align to the same witness mark. The aperture ring can be found closer to the lens mount and engraved with an f-stop or a T-stop scale (d).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda47e4e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda47e4e\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"951\" height=\"352\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-20.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents a sequence depicting a runner approaching a camera at marked distances of 30 feet, 20 feet, and 10 feet, with a tripod-mounted camera ahead.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-289\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-20.jpg 951w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-20-300x111.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-20-768x284.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Follow focus involves the marking and timing of a subject\u2019s movement toward or away from the camera. Here, a camera assistant will shift the focusing ring as the runner hits pre-measured marks on the ground.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda481f8&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda481f8\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"901\" height=\"535\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-21.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents eight aperture blades depicting different f stop values, ranging from f stop 1.4 to f stop 16, with varying openings affecting light intake and depth.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-292\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-21.jpg 901w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-21-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-21-768x456.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The f-stop scale: as the f-stop number grows larger, the aperture opening grows smaller, and vice versa.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda4858f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda4858f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"295\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-29-1024x295.jpg\" alt=\"Two photos present an acoustic guitar resting on a surface, depicting one with the guitar\u2019s neck in focus while the other presents the body in focus with the neck blurred.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-295\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-29-1024x295.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-29-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-29-768x221.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-29.jpg 1304w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Controlling DOF through aperture. Both of these images were shot with the same lens and focus distance (the double dot fret position marker). The left image was shot at f\/22 and gives us a deep DOF, notice that the bridge pins are in focus. Adding ND filters to reduce the light entering the lens allowed the aperture to open up to f\/4 which resulted in a much shallower DOF (right), now the bridge pins and foreground strings are out of focus.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda48b06&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda48b06\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"833\" height=\"803\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-31.jpg\" alt=\"A table presents depth of field values, depicting focus distances for 30 millimeters and 100 millimeters focal lengths at various f stop values, with near and far limits in feet.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-296\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-31.jpg 833w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-31-300x289.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-31-768x740.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Two DOF tables for the Super 35mm sensor format (as found on the Canon C300). The top table is for a 30mm lens and the bottom table is for a 100mm lens. All DOF variables are represented on the table.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69ea5cda48f76&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69ea5cda48f76\" class=\"wp-block-image size-large has-custom-border wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"812\" height=\"638\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-32.jpg\" alt=\"A diagram presents a chessboard with pieces at varying focus levels, depicting critical focus in the center while surrounding pieces gradually blur, with focus range indicators below.\" class=\"has-border-color has-black-border-color wp-image-297\" style=\"border-width:1px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-32.jpg 812w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-32-300x236.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/26\/figure-10-32-768x603.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 812px) 100vw, 812px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Circle of confusion: although technically out of focus, if the diameter of a blur point is smaller than the ability of the sensor to perceive its blurriness, it will appear to be in focus because it is within \u201cacceptable sharpness\u201d for the imaging format.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained wp-container-2 is-position-sticky\">\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0\"><strong>On this page<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6fe931d8 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-short-film-examples\">Video Figures<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-helpful-downloads\">Interactive Figures<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-high-resolution-and-color-figures\">High Resolution and Color Figures<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":29,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"tags":[6],"class_list":["post-115","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-chapter-resources"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/115","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/29"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=115"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=115"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/voiceandvision\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=115"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}