Weddings are both a massive industry, and a powerful ritual. In this chapter, we use the case study of weddings to think sociologically about the family. We focus in particular on the \u201cwhite wedding\u201d phenomenon of big dresses, bridesmaids, multi-leveled wedding cakes, and luxury honeymoons. The popularity of white weddings\u2014and the related growth of a billion-dollar wedding industry\u2014suggests a vital connection between our romantic ideals, prevalent understandings of masculinity and femininity, and escalating consumption standards. Studying wedding rituals also allows us to explore key concepts in the sociology of the family: marriage, romantic love, the nuclear family, social reproduction, the second shift and heteronormativity. We investigate changing norms around marriage, including the legalization and legitimation of gay marriage. We also consider how the white wedding operates ideologically to obscure inequalities related to gender, sexuality, class, and race.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Purbrick, Louise. 2016. The Wedding Present.<\/em> Chapter 4, \u201cThe List: Domesticity, Conformity, and Class.\u201d Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThis chapter examines the evolution of wedding gift lists between 1945 and 2003 from informal exchanges to commercialized, systematic registries. Originally, lists were organized by the bride\u2019s family, reflecting close community ties, but later evolved into prescriptive formats driven by bridal magazines and commercial retailers. This shift highlights the influence of consumer culture on wedding practices, positioning brides as \u201cproject managers\u201d of their own weddings and encouraging an embrace of luxury items. Through this transformation, gift lists reinforce class distinctions, redefine weddings as consumer events, and shape ideals of domesticity.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDiscussion questions<\/summary>\n\n- How do wedding gift lists serve as markers of class distinction? Provide some examples from the chapter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- In what ways do commercial wedding lists reinforce simultaneously classed and gendered norms of domesticity?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- How has the growth of the wedding industry\u2014through bridal magazines and commercial gift registries\u2014transformed wedding practices? What strategies does the industry use to encourage couples, especially brides, to embrace consumer culture?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- To what extent do individuals in Purbrick\u2019s analysis resist the intensifying standards of commercialized wedding gift practices, and what factors make it challenging for them to fully reject these consumer norms?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
Fraser, Nancy. 2017. \u201cCrisis of Care? On the Social-Reproductive Contradictions of Contemporary Capitalism.\u201d In Social Reproduction Theory: Remapping Class, Recentering Oppression<\/em>, edited by Tithi Bhattacharya, 21-36. Pluto Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNancy Fraser explores the \u201ccrisis of care\u201d as a symptom of deeper social-reproductive contradictions within capitalism. She argues that the systemic strain on caregiving and social reproduction is an inherent issue within capitalism, intensified in today\u2019s financialized neoliberal economy. As capitalism prioritizes profit, it destabilizes essential social reproductive labour\u2013including raising children, caregiving, and maintaining households\u2013while relying on it for sustained growth. Although capitalism often relies on women\u2019s labour for social reproduction, it also creates inequalities among women by shifting the burdens of unpaid social reproduction disproportionately onto poorer, racialized, and migrant women.<\/p>\n\n\n\nDiscussion questions<\/summary>\n\n- How does Fraser define the concept of \u201csocial reproduction,\u201d and why is it essential to the functioning of capitalism?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- What does Fraser\u2019s periodization of capitalism (liberal competitive, state-managed, and financialized) reveal about shifts in the relationship between economic production and social reproduction over time? How does the role of women change throughout these periods?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- What role does financialized capitalism play in commodifying and privatizing care, and how does this shift impact women across different social classes, nationalities, and racial groups?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- How does Fraser propose we address capitalism\u2019s contradictions related to social reproduction, and what changes would be necessary to create a more equitable system?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n
Lennox, Rebecca. 2024. \u201cThe Only Self-Defense I Have is My Wedding Band: Doing Heterosexuality, Evading Gender Harassment, and Becoming Respectable in the Street.\u201d Gender & Society<\/em>, 38,6: 965-991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/08912432241289424<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\nThis article examines how cis and trans women use performances of heterosexuality\u2014such as wearing wedding rings or displaying affection toward men in public\u2014to navigate gender harassment and signal respectability in public spaces. For White, straight, and cisgender women, \u201cdoing heterosexuality\u201d serves as a relatively low-cost strategy that provides them with social legitimacy and a degree of insulation from harassment. In contrast, racialized, queer, and trans women often experience greater emotional labor, as their performances of heterosexuality are frequently met with harsher scrutiny and may fail to yield the same social protections or rewards. <\/p>\n\n\n\nDiscussion questions<\/summary>\n\n- How do women in Lennox\u2019s study use wedding bands as a tool to deter harassment and gain a sense of \u2018respectability\u2019 in public? Why is the wedding ring such a symbolically powerful object?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- How does Lennox define \u201cdoing heterosexuality,\u201d and what role does it play in women\u2019s navigation of public spaces? What does this concept suggest about the nature of (hetero)sexuality?<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- In what ways do women of different racial and gender identities experience varying costs and benefits when performing heterosexuality?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Quizzes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Test your knowledge with the Chapter 8 quizzes!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
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Quiz<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n