{"id":213,"date":"2026-05-12T11:09:55","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T11:09:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/?page_id=213"},"modified":"2026-05-12T12:42:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T12:42:30","slug":"chapter-4-flashcards","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/chapter-4-flashcards\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4 Flashcards"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 4 Flashcards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>This tells you which row of the chi-square table to use.  It is the number of rows in your crosstab minus 1, multiplied by the number of columns in your crosstab minus one<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Degrees of freedom for a chi-square test<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>The frequencies in a crosstab that one would expect if the variables were completely unrelated to each other; finding these is a key step in conducting a chi-square test<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Expected frequencies<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>In inferential tests, a way some people set up the tests, having two hypotheses: a null hypothesis and an alternative hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Hypothesis testing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>A scientific sampling technique commonly used to collect large national datasets. It involves carefully sampling at smaller and smaller units of analysis until you reach individuals <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Multistage cluster sampling<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Used in hypothesis testing, it\u2019s the hypothesis we are seeking to disprove<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Null hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Taking a sample of a particular subgroup that is larger than the sample you would get by simple chance <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Oversampling<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>A list that contains everyone within a population from which we want to draw a sample <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Sampling frame<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>What we achieve if our chances of a type I error are below 0.05 <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Statistical significance<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>In hypothesis testing, it\u2019s the hypothesis we accept if we are able to disprove the null hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The alternative hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>A test of statistical inference used for a crosstab<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The Chi-Square Test<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Claiming there is a relationship between variables in a population when in reality there is not a relationship <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Type I error<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n      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Flashcards<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-213","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=213"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":251,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/213\/revisions\/251"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/socialstatistics\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}