{"id":109,"date":"2024-08-21T12:03:15","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T12:03:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/researchmethods\/?post_type=content&#038;p=109"},"modified":"2026-08-26T11:39:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T11:39:26","slug":"chapter-17-testing-for-differences-between-two-samples","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/student-resources\/chapter-17-testing-for-differences-between-two-samples\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 17 &#8211; Testing for differences between two samples"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/student-resources\/\">Student Resources<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Chapter 17 &#8211; Testing for differences between two samples<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n<h1 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title has-large-font-size\">Chapter 17 &#8211; Testing for differences between two samples<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This chapter introduces statistical tests for assessing the significance of differences between two samples and also introduces calculations of effect size and power.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-exercises\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here are the data sets, in SPSS and in MS Excel, for the results that are calculated by hand in this chapter of the book. The related <em>t<\/em>, unrelated <em>t<\/em> and single sample <em>t<\/em> data sets are all contained in the Excel file <em>t<\/em> test data sheets.xls. The files in SPSS are unrelated <em>t<\/em> sleep data.sav, related <em>t<\/em> imagery data.sav and single sample <em>t<\/em> test data.sav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-exercise-17-1-parametric-test-data-sets\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise 17.1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2024\/09\/Parametric-test-data-sets.zip\" style=\"background-color:#ebd7c8;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);box-shadow:none\">Download &#8211; Parametric test data sets<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The data files for the non-parametric tests are linked below. The excel file nonparametric test data.xls contains the data for the Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon and Sign test calculations. The SPSS files are, respectively, mannwhitney stereotype data.sav, wilcoxon module ratings data.sav and sign test therapy data.sav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2024\/09\/Non-parametric-test-data-sets.zip\" style=\"background-color:#ebd7c8;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);box-shadow:none\">Download &#8211; Non-parametric data sets<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>t<\/em><\/strong><strong> tests on further data sets<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/21\/2024\/09\/Scenario-data-sets.zip\" style=\"background-color:#ebd7c8;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);box-shadow:none\">Download &#8211; Scenario data sets<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Data sets are provided here that correspond with the three research designs described below. Your first task is to identify which type of t test should be performed on the data for each design: choose from:&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Unrelated <em>t<\/em> test &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Related <em>t<\/em> test&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Single sample <em>t<\/em> test<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario 1: Participants are asked to solve one set of anagrams in a noisy room and then solve an equivalent set in a quiet room. The prediction is that participants will perform worse in the noisy room. Data are given in seconds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">related <em>t<\/em> test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reason:&nbsp;&nbsp; Repeated measures design. Each participant performed in both conditions.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario 2: A sample of children is selected from a \u2018free\u2019 school where the educational policy is radically different from the norm and where students are allowed to attend classes when they like and are also involved in deciding what lessons will be provided by staff. It is suspected their IQ scores may be lower than the average.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">single sample <em>t<\/em> test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We have only one group, but we can compare their mean with the standardized mean for IQ of 100.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scenario 3: One group of participants is asked to complete a scale concerning attitudes to people with disabilities. A second group of children is shown a film about the experiences of people with disabilities and then asked to complete the attitude scale a week later. The research is trying to show that changes in attitude last beyond the limits of the typical short-term laboratory experiment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unrelated <em>t<\/em> test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two separate groups each with a mean on the same DV. Independent samples design.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now conduct the appropriate test on each data set and give a full report of the result including: <em>t<\/em> value, <em>df<\/em>, <em>p<\/em> value (either exact or in the \u2018<em>p<\/em> less than \u2026\u2019 format), 95% confidence limits for the mean difference and effect size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 1 (related <em>t<\/em>)<\/strong><br>The mean time to solve anagrams in the noisy room (M = 193.45 secs, SD = 43.16) was higher than the mean time for the quiet room (M = 178.25, SD = 24.52) resulting in a mean difference of 15.2 seconds. This difference was not significant, <em>t<\/em> (19) = 1.558, <em>p<\/em> = .136. The mean difference (95% CI: -5.22 to 35.62) was small (Cohen\u2019s d = 0.35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 2 (single sample <em>t<\/em>)<\/strong><br>The \u2018free\u2019 school children had a lower mean than the standard average IQ of 100 (M = 97.7, SD = 9.5). This difference, however, was not significant, <em>t<\/em> (24) = 1.22, <em>p<\/em> = .236. The difference between the sample mean and the population mean was small (2.32, 95% CI: -6.26 to 1.62, Cohen\u2019s <em>d<\/em> = 0.243).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note<\/strong>&nbsp;that SPSS uses the sample SD to calculate Cohen\u2019s <em>d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 3 (unrelated<em> t<\/em>)<\/strong><br>The film group produced a higher mean attitude score (M = 25.65, SD = 5.25) than the control group (M = 22.2, SD = 4.76). The difference between means was significant, <em>t<\/em> (38) = 2.18, <em>p<\/em> = .036. The difference between means (difference = 3.45, 95% CI: 0.24 to 6.66) was moderate (Cohen\u2019s <em>d<\/em> = 0.69).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Note<\/strong>&nbsp;Effect size is calculated using <math display=\"block\" class=\"tml-display\" style=\"display:block math;\">\n  <mrow>\n    <mi>d<\/mi>\n    <mo>=<\/mo>\n    <mfrac>\n      <mrow>\n        <msub>\n          <mover>\n            <mi>x<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-xshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">\u203e<\/mo>\n          <\/mover>\n          <mn>1<\/mn>\n        <\/msub>\n        <mo>\u2212<\/mo>\n        <msub>\n          <mover>\n            <mi>x<\/mi>\n            <mo stretchy=\"false\" class=\"tml-xshift\" style=\"math-style:normal;math-depth:0;\">\u203e<\/mo>\n          <\/mover>\n          <mn>2<\/mn>\n        <\/msub>\n      <\/mrow>\n      <mi>s<\/mi>\n    <\/mfrac>\n  <\/mrow>\n<\/math>where s is the mean standard deviation for the two groups ( sample sizes are equal).<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-exercise-17-2\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise 17.2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Non-parametric tests on the scenario data sets<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Select below the appropriate non-parametric tests that can be used on the Scenario 1 and 3 data from the <em>t<\/em> test exercises. In one scenario more than one appropriate test can be selected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Anagrams in noisy and quiet rooms)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wilcoxon&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mann-Whitney&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sign test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wilcoxon and Sign test, but Wilcoxon is a lot more powerful.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Control and film groups\u2019 attitudes towards disabled people)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wilcoxon&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Mann-Whitney&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Sign test<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mann-Whitney<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now conduct the appropriate test on each data set and give a full report of the result including: <em>T<\/em> or <em>U<\/em>, appropriate <em>N<\/em> values, <em>p<\/em> value (either exact or in the \u2018<em>p<\/em> less than \u2026\u2019 format) and effect size.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Show answer<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 1: (Wilcoxon)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The differences between time taken to solve anagram in the noisy room and time taken in the quiet room were ranked according to size for each participant. A Wilcoxon <em>T<\/em> analysis on the difference ranks showed a rank total of 139 where noisy room times were higher than quiet room times and a rank total of 71 where quiet room times were higher. Hence, quiet rooms times were generally lower than noisy room times but this difference was not significant, <em>T <\/em>(<em>N<\/em> = 20) = 71, <em>p<\/em> = .204. The estimated effect size was small to moderate, <em>r<\/em> = 0.2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 1: (Sign test)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For each participant the difference between noisy room and quiet room time was found and the sign of this difference recorded. The 13 cases where quiet room score was less than noisy room score were contrasted with the 7 cases where the difference was in the opposite direction using a sign test analysis. The difference was found not to be significant with <em>S<\/em> (<em>N<\/em> = 20) = 7, <em>p<\/em> = .263.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scenario 3: Mann-Whitney<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The children\u2019s disability attitude scores were ranked as one group. The rank total for the control group was 339.5 whereas the total for the film trained group was 480.5. Using a Mann-Whitney analysis significance was very nearly achieved with <em>U<\/em> (<em>N<\/em> = 40)= 129.5, <em>p<\/em> = .056. The effect size was moderate, <em>r<\/em> = 0.3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NOTE: <\/strong>If using later versions of SPSS and not the \u2018Legacy dialogs\u2019 you\u2019ll find the <em>higher<\/em> value of <em>U<\/em> is reported. Just to check. SPSS gives <em>U<\/em> = 270.5.&nbsp; Total ranks = <em>N<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> X <em>N<\/em><sub>2<\/sub> = 400. Subtracting 270.5 from 400 gives 129.5 which is the answer given here. It is conventional to use the lower value and to check this in tables which usually use lower values.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-exercise-17-3\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exercise 17.3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Have a go at this short quiz to test your understanding and identify any gaps in your knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-element-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0910e091 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"15\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"quiz_name\":\"exercise173\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"15\",\"pagekey\":\"JwTCEpxx\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":0,\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":0,\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":1,\"section_comments\":\"\",\"total_questions\":10,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\",\"empty_grid_radio_checkbox_text\":\"Please complete all  rows required fields!\",\"empty_audio_text\":\"Please upload audio!\"},\"question_list\":{\"100\":{\"question_id\":\"100\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"One of the criteria for conducting an independent samples t test is that:\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:46:\\\"The variances of the two groups must be equal.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:70:\\\"The variances of the two groups should not be significantly different.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"The variances can be different but not so different that the probability of the two sample variances being drawn from a single population is less than .05.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 1\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The variances of the two groups must be equal.\",0,0],[\"The variances of the two groups should not be significantly different.\",0,1]]},\"101\":{\"question_id\":\"101\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"One of the criteria for conducting a parametric test is that:\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:54:\\\"The data must be on an interval level scale or higher.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:44:\\\"The data must be on a ratio scale or higher.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"An interval scale is adequate. A ratio scale is a higher order interval level scale.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 2\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The data must be on an interval level scale or higher.\",0,1],[\"The data must be on a ratio scale or higher.\",0,0]]},\"102\":{\"question_id\":\"102\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"One of the criteria for conducting a parametric test is that:\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:61:\\\"The data must be drawn from a normally distributed population\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:48:\\\"The sample data must form a normal distribution.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"It is the population that should be normal. However we can usually only check by using the sample data. If the sample data are not normal than we can adjust the test using a transformation.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 3\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The data must be drawn from a normally distributed population\",0,1],[\"The sample data must form a normal distribution.\",0,0]]},\"103\":{\"question_id\":\"103\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"In order to conduct a parametric test:\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:49:\\\"The number of scores in each sample must be equal\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:37:\\\"The sample data should not be skewed.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"Scores in each sample do not need to be equal. The statistical test will deal with different totals. However skewed data can be a problem and can be adjusted using transformation.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 4\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The number of scores in each sample must be equal\",0,0],[\"The sample data should not be skewed.\",0,1]]},\"104\":{\"question_id\":\"104\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"The Mann-Whitney is the non-parametric equivalent of\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:20:\\\"The unrelated t test\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:18:\\\"The related t test\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"My mnemonic for this is to imagine Ms Mann and Mr Whitney living together but not related.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 5\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The unrelated t test\",0,1],[\"The related t test\",0,0]]},\"105\":{\"question_id\":\"105\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"The Wilcoxon signed ranks test is the non-parametric equivalent of\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:20:\\\"The unrelated t test\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:18:\\\"The related t test\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"Mr and Mrs Wilcoxon are married therefore related.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 6\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The unrelated t test\",0,0],[\"The related t test\",0,1]]},\"106\":{\"question_id\":\"106\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"The Sign test can be used on\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:14:\\\"Unrelated data\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:11:\\\"Paired data\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"Paired data such as form matched pairs in an experiment or from twins, or from before-after scores or from a repeated measures design.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 7\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Unrelated data\",0,0],[\"Paired data\",0,1]]},\"107\":{\"question_id\":\"107\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"Leven\\u2019s statistic is used to check:\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:23:\\\"Homogeneity of variance\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:4:\\\"Skew\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"Levene for homogeneity of variance. Check skew using the skew statistic or z value.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 8\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Homogeneity of variance\",0,1],[\"Skew\",0,0]]},\"108\":{\"question_id\":\"108\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"To be safe in proceeding with an unrelated t test Levene\\u2019s statistic should be\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:11:\\\"Significant\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:15:\\\"Not significant\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"If Levene is significant than there is a problem with homogeneity of variance.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 9\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Significant\",0,0],[\"Not significant\",0,1]]},\"109\":{\"question_id\":\"109\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"&lt;p&gt;In an unrelated design &lt;em&gt;df&lt;\\\/em&gt; are &lt;em&gt;N&lt;\\\/em&gt;1 +&lt;em&gt; N&lt;\\\/em&gt;2 \\u2013 2 so 16 + 18 -2 = 32.&lt;\\\/p&gt;\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:2:\\\"33\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:2:\\\"32\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"<p>In an unrelated <em>t <\\\/em>test where <em>N<sub>1<\\\/sub><\\\/em> = 16 and <em>N<sub>2<\\\/sub><\\\/em> = 18 the degrees of freedom are:<\\\/p>\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:15:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"33\",0,0],[\"32\",0,1]]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-15 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm15\" id=\"quizForm15\" action=\"\/researchmethods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/109\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_15\" value=\"9db2dba9b4\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_15\" value=\"6a8f986b38f44\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-100 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>One of the criteria for conducting an independent samples t test is that:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question100-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question100_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe variances of the two groups must be equal.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question100-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question100_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe variances of the two groups should not be significantly different.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question100_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question100\" id=\"question100_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_100\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-101 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>One of the criteria for conducting a parametric test is that:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question101-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question101\" id=\"question101_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question101_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe data must be on an interval level scale or higher.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question101-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question101\" id=\"question101_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question101_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe data must be on a ratio scale or higher.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question101_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question101\" id=\"question101_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_101\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-102 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>One of the criteria for conducting a parametric test is that:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question102-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question102\" id=\"question102_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question102_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe data must be drawn from a normally distributed population\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question102-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question102\" id=\"question102_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question102_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe sample data must form a normal distribution.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question102_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question102\" id=\"question102_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_102\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-103 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>In order to conduct a parametric test:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question103-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question103\" id=\"question103_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question103_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe number of scores in each sample must be equal\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question103-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question103\" id=\"question103_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question103_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe sample data should not be skewed.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question103_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question103\" id=\"question103_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_103\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-104 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Mann-Whitney is the non-parametric equivalent of<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question104-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question104\" id=\"question104_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question104_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe unrelated t test\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question104-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question104\" id=\"question104_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question104_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe related t test\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question104_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question104\" id=\"question104_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_104\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-105 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Wilcoxon signed ranks test is the non-parametric equivalent of<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question105-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question105\" id=\"question105_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question105_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe unrelated t test\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question105-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question105\" id=\"question105_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question105_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe related t test\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question105_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question105\" id=\"question105_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_105\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-106 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Sign test can be used on<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question106-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question106\" id=\"question106_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question106_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUnrelated data\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question106-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question106\" id=\"question106_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question106_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPaired data\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question106_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question106\" id=\"question106_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_106\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-107 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Leven\u2019s statistic is used to check:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question107-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question107\" id=\"question107_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question107_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHomogeneity of variance\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question107-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question107\" id=\"question107_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question107_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSkew\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question107_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question107\" id=\"question107_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_107\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-108 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>To be safe in proceeding with an unrelated t test Levene\u2019s statistic should be<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question108-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question108\" id=\"question108_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question108_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSignificant\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question108-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question108\" id=\"question108_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question108_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNot significant\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question108_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question108\" id=\"question108_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_108\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-109 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><p>In an unrelated design <em>df<\/em> are <em>N<\/em>1 +<em> N<\/em>2 \u2013 2 so 16 + 18 -2 = 32.<\/p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question109-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question109\" id=\"question109_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question109_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t33\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question109-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question109\" id=\"question109_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question109_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t32\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question109_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question109\" id=\"question109_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_109\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"100Q101Q102Q103Q104Q105Q106Q107Q108Q109Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"15\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-weblinks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-testing-for-differences-between-two-samples-weblinks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Testing for differences between two samples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Don\u2019t forget this site for the link between effect size and power (as given in Chapter 16 too).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rpsychologist.com\/d3\/nhst\">https:\/\/rpsychologist.com\/d3\/nhst<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The link to G*Power.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de\/abteilungen\/aap\/gpower3\/download-and-register\">www.psycho.uni-duesseldorf.de\/abteilungen\/aap\/gpower3\/download-and-register<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A comprehensive statistics site for calculating <em>t<\/em> tests and way beyond:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"http:\/\/vassarstats.net\/index.html\">http:\/\/vassarstats.net\/index.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An interactive page for seeing the implications of different sizes of Cohen\u2019s <em>d<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rpsychologist.com\/cohend\/\">Interpreting Cohen&#8217;s d | R Psychologist<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-vertical is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-b3ff8204 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"on-this-page\"><strong>On this page<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<nav class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/student-resources\/chapter-17-testing-for-differences-between-two-samples\/#aioseo-exercises\">Exercises<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/student-resources\/chapter-17-testing-for-differences-between-two-samples\/#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This chapter introduces statistical tests for assessing the significance of differences between two samples and also introduces calculations of effect size and power. Exercises Here are the data sets, in SPSS and in MS Excel, for the results that are calculated by hand in this chapter of the book. The related t, unrelated t and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":121,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"class_list":["post-109","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"This chapter introduces statistical tests for assessing the significance of differences between two samples and also introduces calculations of effect size and power. Exercises Here are the data sets, in SPSS and in MS Excel, for the results that are calculated by hand in this chapter of the book. 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