{"id":108,"date":"2024-08-21T12:02:52","date_gmt":"2024-08-21T12:02:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/?post_type=content&p=108"},"modified":"2024-09-12T09:34:24","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T09:34:24","slug":"chapter-16-significance-testing-was-it-a-real-effect","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/researchmethods\/student-resources\/chapter-16-significance-testing-was-it-a-real-effect\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 16 – Significance testing \u2013 was it a real effect?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\n\tHome<\/a>\n<\/span>\u203a<\/span>\n\tStudent Resources<\/a>\n<\/span>\u203a<\/span>\n\tChapter 16 \u2013 Significance testing \u2013 was it a real effect?\n<\/span><\/div>\n\n

Chapter 16 – Significance testing \u2013 was it a real effect?<\/h1>\n\n\n

This chapter is about the principles of significance testing. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Exercises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Exercise 16.1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

One- or two-tailed tests<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In each case below decide whether the research prediction permits a one-tailed test or whether a two-tailed test is obligatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.There will be a difference between imagery and rehearsal recall scores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

Two-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of the difference was not predicted.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

2. Self-confidence will correlate with self-esteem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

Two-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of the correlation was not predicted.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

3.Extroverts will have higher comfort scores than introverts<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

One-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of difference was predicted but please note that in most research a two-tailed test is preferred.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

4. Children on the anti-bullying programme will improve their attitude to bullying compared with the control group<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

One-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of difference was predicted but please note that in most research a two-tailed test is preferred.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

5. Children on the anti-bullying programme will differ from the control group children on empathy<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

Two-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of the difference was not predicted.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

6. Anxiety will correlate negatively with self-esteem<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

One-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: <\/strong>Direction of correlation was predicted but please note that in most research a two-tailed test is preferred.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

7. Participants before an audience will make more errors than participants alone<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

One-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of difference was predicted but please note that in most research a two-tailed test is preferred.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

8. Increased caffeine will produce a difference in reaction times<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Show answer<\/summary>\n

Two-tailed<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Explanation: Direction of the difference was not predicted.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n

Exercise 16.2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Have a go at this short quiz to test your understanding of significance testing and identify any gaps in your knowledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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