{"id":73,"date":"2025-08-07T20:52:56","date_gmt":"2025-08-07T20:52:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/politicsuk\/?p=73"},"modified":"2026-08-26T11:14:30","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T11:14:30","slug":"chapter-24","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 24"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e7bd9b62dc4b33ce5daa98c8860d4694 is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#213f8d;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-849b2ae7 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/\">Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Chapter 24<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><h1 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 24<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"><em><em><em>Social policy in the UK<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-chapter-summary\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted in many ways for example, with the increased numbers of women participating in paid employment, it has responded to Brexit, and the Covid19 pandemic and been adapted by successive governments following its inception. Many adaptations such as increased, choice and competition as well as devolved powers have had varying and contested effects.&nbsp; UK policy is no longer the universal vision that Beveridge (1942) outlined because it has become increasingly \u2018residualised\u2019, in terms of means tested transfers, and reduction in provision such as social housing. Devolution has resulted in different service approaches across the UK, especially for social care, NHS charges, and education. Future social policy revisions will undoubtedly be made by the newly elected La-bour government in July 2024,&nbsp; shaped by many challenges including concerns about population changes, inequalities, the ability of NHS services to meet increasing demands versus the amount of money available in the public purse to spend on social security.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-learning-objectives\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Learning Objectives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list numbered-list\">\n<li>Define social policy: understand what social policy is and how it comprises various types of provision (public, private, voluntary, and occupational) within a &#8216;mixed economy of welfare.&#8217;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Explore social policy history: describe the historical context of social policy in the UK, including recent trends.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Analyse current elements: examine the different components of current UK social policy, such as transfer payments (e.g., pensions, unemployment support) and ser-vices (e.g., health and social care).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluate contemporary challenges: identify and assess the challenges faced by UK social policy makers, including those related to population ageing, the cost of living crisis and health related issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-quizzes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quizzes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Test your knowledge with the Chapter 24 quizzes!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-vertical is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-431b1423 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#f1f5f6;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-88e6e8d950154e686fb280ac585ef07b has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2a973b5d wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:-25px;margin-bottom:-25px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-quiz\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-extra-small-font-size\">Quiz<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"28\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 24\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"1\",\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"28\",\"pagekey\":\"boG8yUrZ\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":\"\",\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":0,\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":1,\"section_comments\":\"\",\"total_questions\":10,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\"},\"question_list\":{\"329\":{\"question_id\":\"329\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"What was the central aim of the Beveridge Report (1942)?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:36:\\\"To privatise social welfare programs\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:73:\\\"To address the five giant evils\\\" and create a system of social insurance\\\"\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:40:\\\"To reduce government spending on welfare\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:35:\\\"To introduce universal basic income\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:4;a:5:{i:0;s:34:\\\"To eliminate means-tested benefits\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 1\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"To privatise social welfare programs\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"To address the five giant evils\\\" and create a system of social insurance\\\"\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"To reduce government spending on welfare\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"To introduce universal basic income\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"To eliminate means-tested benefits\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"330\":{\"question_id\":\"330\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"What is meant by a mixed economy of welfare&quot; in UK social policy?&quot;\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:55:\\\"Welfare services are only provided by private companies\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:60:\\\"The government fully funds and controls all welfare services\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:102:\\\"Welfare services are provided by a combination of public, private, voluntary, and occupational sectors\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:1;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:51:\\\"Local authorities alone manage all welfare programs\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:4;a:3:{i:0;s:52:\\\"The NHS is the sole provider of all welfare services\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:18:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 2\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Welfare services are only provided by private companies\",0,0],[\"The government fully funds and controls all welfare services\",0,0],[\"Welfare services are provided by a combination of public, private, voluntary, and occupational sectors\",0,1],[\"Local authorities alone manage all welfare programs\",0,0],[\"The NHS is the sole provider of all welfare services\",0,0]]},\"331\":{\"question_id\":\"331\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"What is the primary funding mechanism for the UK&#039;s State Pension system?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:24:\\\"Private investment funds\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:26:\\\"A separate tax on pensions\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:35:\\\"Direct payments from the NHS budget\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:46:\\\"Contributions from National Insurance payments\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:1;}i:4;a:3:{i:0;s:21:\\\"Local council budgets\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:18:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 3\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Private investment funds\",0,0],[\"A separate tax on pensions\",0,0],[\"Direct payments from the NHS budget\",0,0],[\"Contributions from National Insurance payments\",0,1],[\"Local council budgets\",0,0]]},\"332\":{\"question_id\":\"332\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"What major change did the Universal Credit system introduce?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:62:\\\"It replace multiple benefits with a single streamlined payment\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:48:\\\"It increased benefit payments for all recipients\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:48:\\\"It removed all conditions for receiving benefits\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:44:\\\"It eliminated means-tested benefits entirely\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:4;a:5:{i:0;s:42:\\\"It replace the NHS with private healthcare\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 4\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"It replace multiple benefits with a single streamlined payment\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It increased benefit payments for all recipients\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It removed all conditions for receiving benefits\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It eliminated means-tested benefits entirely\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It replace the NHS with private healthcare\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"333\":{\"question_id\":\"333\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"How did Margaret Thatcher&#039;s government influence social policy?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:49:\\\"By expanding public ownership of welfare services\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:54:\\\"By establishing free higher education for all students\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:76:\\\"By increasing pension contributions to provide universal retirement security\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:21:\\\"By abolishing the NHS\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}i:4;a:3:{i:0;s:71:\\\"By introducing means-testing and reducing the size of the welfare state\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:18:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 5\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"By expanding public ownership of welfare services\",0,0],[\"By establishing free higher education for all students\",0,0],[\"By increasing pension contributions to provide universal retirement security\",0,0],[\"By abolishing the NHS\",0,0],[\"By introducing means-testing and reducing the size of the welfare state\",0,1]]},\"334\":{\"question_id\":\"334\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"What is one of the most significant challenges facing UK social policy today?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:42:\\\"A declining demand for healthcare services\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:31:\\\"A surplus of government housing\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:44:\\\"The financial impact of an ageing population\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:47:\\\"A complete lack of private healthcare providers\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:4;a:5:{i:0;s:44:\\\"The elimination of all means-tested benefits\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 6\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"A declining demand for healthcare services\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A surplus of government housing\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The financial impact of an ageing population\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"A complete lack of private healthcare providers\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The elimination of all means-tested benefits\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"335\":{\"question_id\":\"335\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"What was a key effect of devolution on UK social policy?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:5:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:74:\\\"It allowed different parts of the UK to implement varying welfare policies\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:53:\\\"It led to uniform social policy across all UK nations\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:45:\\\"It reduced healthcare funding for all regions\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:46:\\\"It abolished means-tested benefits in Scotland\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:4;a:5:{i:0;s:63:\\\"It centralised all social policy decision-making in Westminster\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 7\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"It allowed different parts of the UK to implement varying welfare policies\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It led to uniform social policy across all UK nations\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It reduced healthcare funding for all regions\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It abolished means-tested benefits in Scotland\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"It centralised all social policy decision-making in Westminster\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"339\":{\"question_id\":\"339\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"The Beveridge Report (1942) identified five &quot;giant evils&quot; that needed to be addressed through social policy: want, %BLANK%, ignorance, squalor, and idleness\",\"answer_array\":\"a:1:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:7:\\\"disease\\\";i:1;i:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"14\",\"question_settings\":\"a:18:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 8\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"disease\",0,0]]},\"337\":{\"question_id\":\"337\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"The Triple Lock policy ensures that the State Pension increases each year in line with inflation, average earnings growth, or %BLANK%, whichever is highest.\",\"answer_array\":\"a:1:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:5:\\\"0.025\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"14\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 9\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"0.025\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"338\":{\"question_id\":\"338\",\"quiz_id\":\"28\",\"question_name\":\"The Localism Act 2011 gave local councils more control over %BLANK%, enabling them to tailor policies to regional needs\",\"answer_array\":\"a:1:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:28:\\\"housing and welfare services\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"14\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"housing and welfare services\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-28 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm28\" id=\"quizForm28\" action=\"\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/73\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_28\" value=\"50186de99c\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_28\" value=\"6a8f7168d7473\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-329 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What was the central aim of the Beveridge Report (1942)?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question329-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question329\" id=\"question329_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question329_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo privatise social welfare programs\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question329-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question329\" id=\"question329_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question329_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo address the five giant evils&#8221; and create a system of social insurance&#8221;\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question329-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question329\" id=\"question329_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question329_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo reduce government spending on welfare\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question329-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question329\" id=\"question329_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question329_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo introduce universal basic income\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question329-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question329\" id=\"question329_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question329_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo eliminate means-tested benefits\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question329_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question329\" id=\"question329_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_329\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-330 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is meant by a mixed economy of welfare&#8221; in UK social policy?&#8221;<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question330-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question330\" id=\"question330_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question330_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWelfare services are only provided by private companies\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question330-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question330\" id=\"question330_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question330_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe government fully funds and controls all welfare services\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question330-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question330\" id=\"question330_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question330_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWelfare services are provided by a combination of public, private, voluntary, and occupational sectors\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question330-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question330\" id=\"question330_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question330_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLocal authorities alone manage all welfare programs\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question330-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question330\" id=\"question330_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question330_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe NHS is the sole provider of all welfare services\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question330_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question330\" id=\"question330_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_330\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-331 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is the primary funding mechanism for the UK&#8217;s State Pension system?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question331-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question331\" id=\"question331_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question331_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPrivate investment funds\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question331-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question331\" id=\"question331_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question331_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA separate tax on pensions\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question331-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question331\" id=\"question331_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question331_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDirect payments from the NHS budget\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question331-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question331\" id=\"question331_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question331_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tContributions from National Insurance payments\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question331-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question331\" id=\"question331_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question331_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLocal council budgets\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question331_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question331\" id=\"question331_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_331\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-332 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What major change did the Universal Credit system introduce?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question332-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question332\" id=\"question332_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question332_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt replace multiple benefits with a single streamlined payment\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question332-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question332\" id=\"question332_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question332_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt increased benefit payments for all recipients\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question332-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question332\" id=\"question332_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question332_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt removed all conditions for receiving benefits\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question332-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question332\" id=\"question332_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question332_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt eliminated means-tested benefits entirely\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question332-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question332\" id=\"question332_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question332_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt replace the NHS with private healthcare\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question332_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question332\" id=\"question332_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_332\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-333 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>How did Margaret Thatcher&#8217;s government influence social policy?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question333-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question333\" id=\"question333_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question333_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBy expanding public ownership of welfare services\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question333-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question333\" id=\"question333_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question333_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBy establishing free higher education for all students\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question333-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question333\" id=\"question333_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question333_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBy increasing pension contributions to provide universal retirement security\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question333-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question333\" id=\"question333_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question333_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBy abolishing the NHS\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question333-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question333\" id=\"question333_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question333_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBy introducing means-testing and reducing the size of the welfare state\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question333_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question333\" id=\"question333_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_333\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-334 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is one of the most significant challenges facing UK social policy today?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question334-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question334\" id=\"question334_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question334_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA declining demand for healthcare services\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question334-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question334\" id=\"question334_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question334_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA surplus of government housing\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question334-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question334\" id=\"question334_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question334_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe financial impact of an ageing population\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question334-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question334\" id=\"question334_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question334_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA complete lack of private healthcare providers\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question334-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question334\" id=\"question334_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question334_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe elimination of all means-tested benefits\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question334_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question334\" id=\"question334_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_334\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-335 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What was a key effect of devolution on UK social policy?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question335-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question335\" id=\"question335_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question335_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt allowed different parts of the UK to implement varying welfare policies\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question335-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question335\" id=\"question335_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question335_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt led to uniform social policy across all UK nations\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question335-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question335\" id=\"question335_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question335_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt reduced healthcare funding for all regions\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question335-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question335\" id=\"question335_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question335_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt abolished means-tested benefits in Scotland\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question335-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question335\" id=\"question335_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question335_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt centralised all social policy decision-making in Westminster\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question335_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question335\" id=\"question335_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_335\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-339 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Beveridge Report (1942) identified five &#8220;giant evils&#8221; that needed to be addressed through social policy: want, <input type=\"text\" class=\"qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText\" name=\"question339[]\" \/>, ignorance, squalor, and idleness<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-337 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Triple Lock policy ensures that the State Pension increases each year in line with inflation, average earnings growth, or <input type=\"text\" class=\"qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText\" name=\"question337[]\" \/>, whichever is highest.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-338 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Localism Act 2011 gave local councils more control over <input type=\"text\" class=\"qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText\" name=\"question338[]\" \/>, enabling them to tailor policies to regional needs<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"329Q330Q331Q332Q333Q334Q335Q339Q337Q338Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"28\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-discussion-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Given rising costs and an ageing population, should the UK government increase social spending or shift more responsibility to individuals through private welfare solutions? What are the potential risks and benefits of each approach?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Different UK nations have adopted varied approaches to social policy, including differences in healthcare funding, higher education fees, and social care provision. Does this flexibility improve social outcomes, or does it lead to greater inequality between regions?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-weblinks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Child Poverty Action Group<\/strong> \u2013 A charity that provides research and advocacy on poverty, social security, and welfare policy in the UK. (<a href=\"https:\/\/cpag.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/cpag.org.uk\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Equality Trust<\/strong> \u2013 An organization campaigning for economic and social equality by reducing the gap between rich and poor. (<a href=\"https:\/\/equalitytrust.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/equalitytrust.org.uk\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Joseph Rowntree Foundation<\/strong> \u2013 A research and policy organization focusing on tackling poverty and social injustice. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jrf.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.jrf.org.uk\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Full Fact<\/strong> \u2013 A fact-checking organization providing accurate information on UK social policies, healthcare, and welfare. (<a href=\"https:\/\/fullfact.org\/\">https:\/\/fullfact.org\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>King\u2019s Fund<\/strong> \u2013 A leading think tank analyzing UK health and social care policy. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.kingsfund.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.kingsfund.org.uk\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Turn2Us<\/strong> \u2013 A charity providing support and information about benefits and financial assistance. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.turn2us.org.uk\/\">https:\/\/www.turn2us.org.uk\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>OECD (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development)<\/strong> \u2013 An international organization that provides comparative social and economic policy research. (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-flashcards\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flashcards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Refresh your knowledge of key terms with this chapter\u2019s flashcards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Transfer Payments<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a method of transferring money from one group of citizens to another: for instance, taxing those in work and transferring the money raised to the unemployed in the form of unemployment benefits. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Occupational Welfare<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>types of social support (e.g. health insurance) that are provided by employers, rather than governments. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Mixed Economy of Welfare<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the mixture of public, private, voluntary and occupational social provision which characterises many modern welfare states, including that of the UK. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Welfarism<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the idea that the government should take some responsibility for the health and well-being of its citizens. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Social Assistance<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>transfer payments provided to those without any other available means of support. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>National insurance<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a system of social policy provision where some transfer payments and welfare services are paid for through contributions from employees, employers and government. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Beveridgean Welfare System<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a \u2018universal\u2019 system of social policy provision which provides transfer payments to all people at the same rate, regardless of their previous economic status. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Bismarckian Welfare System<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Group of Labour Party academics who argue that Labour will lack credibility until it has its own ideas for tackling the national deficit. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Internal Market<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>when an artificial separation between users and providers is invented to try to introduce some of the discipline of the free market into a public service. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Dependency Culture<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the growth in the sense of dependence by users on the welfare services. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Liberal Welfare State<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a system of social provision where transfer payments are provided only as a last resort to the very worst-off, and are often highly stigmatised. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Workfare<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>types of welfare provision, typically benefit payments, which cannot be obtained without beneficiaries performing certain actions, typically including searching for work, volunteering and\/or undertaking work placements. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n      } else {\n        announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n      if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n        flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n        const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n        const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\">\n<nav class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents\"><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-chapter-summary\">Chapter Summary<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-learning-objectives\">Learning Objectives<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-quizzes\">Quizzes<\/a><ol><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-discussion-questions\">Discussion Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"wp-block-table-of-contents__entry\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":158,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","class_list":["post-73","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Politics UK - Eleventh Edition\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Chapter 24 - Politics UK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-07T20:52:56+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-26T11:14:30+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Chapter 24 - Politics UK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/chapter-24\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Part 6 \\u2013 The Policy Process\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Part 6 \\u2013 The Policy Process\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/chapter-24\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Chapter 24\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/chapter-24\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Chapter 24\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Part 6 \\u2013 The Policy Process\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Politics UK\",\"description\":\"Eleventh Edition\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/chapter-24\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/chapter-24\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chapter 24 - Politics UK\",\"description\":\"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-6-the-policy-process\\\/chapter-24\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-07T20:52:56+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-26T11:14:30+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Politics UK\",\"description\":\"Eleventh Edition\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Chapter 24 - Politics UK<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Chapter 24 - Politics UK","description":"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted","canonical_url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/#listItem","name":"Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process","item":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#listItem","name":"Chapter 24"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"Chapter 24","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/#listItem","name":"Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#organization","name":"Politics UK","description":"Eleventh Edition","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/","name":"Chapter 24 - Politics UK","description":"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2025-08-07T20:52:56+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-26T11:14:30+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/","name":"Politics UK","description":"Eleventh Edition","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"Politics UK - Eleventh Edition","og:type":"article","og:title":"Chapter 24 - Politics UK","og:description":"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted","og:url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/","article:published_time":"2025-08-07T20:52:56+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-08-26T11:14:30+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Chapter 24 - Politics UK","twitter:description":"Social policy in the UK Chapter Summary Social policy is a very complex area, and this chapter has only offered a brief summary of the most significant recent changes to the UK welfare state. The chapter illustrates how social policy expenditure fluctuates over time, based on different government approaches. The UK welfare state has adapted"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"73","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"WebPage","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"open_ai":null,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2025-08-07 20:52:58","updated":"2026-08-26 11:26:13","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/\" title=\"Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process\">Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tChapter 24\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk"},{"label":"Part 6 \u2013 The Policy Process","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/"},{"label":"Chapter 24","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-6-the-policy-process\/chapter-24\/"}],"permalink_manager":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/73","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/73\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":806,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/73\/revisions\/806"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/158"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=73"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}