{"id":150,"date":"2025-08-21T12:52:12","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T12:52:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/politicsuk\/?post_type=content&#038;p=150"},"modified":"2026-08-26T11:03:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T11:03:14","slug":"part-2-defining-the-political-world","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/","title":{"rendered":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-511da271e503875a2fff75ad6faf5ccb is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#213f8d;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-849b2ae7 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><h1 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World<\/h1><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a788f6d8 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/chapter-4\/\" title=\"Chapter 4\">Chapter 4<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em>Ideology and the liberal tradition<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a788f6d8 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/chapter-5\/\" title=\"Chapter 5\">Chapter 5<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em><em>Political ideas: the major parties<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a788f6d8 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/chapter-6\/\" title=\"Chapter 6\">Chapter 6<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><em><em>Political ideas: Identities and political fringes<\/em><\/em><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","class_list":["post-150","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Politics UK - Eleventh Edition\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-21T12:52:12+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-08-26T11:03:14+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Part 2 \\u2013 Defining the Political World\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Part 2 \\u2013 Defining the Political World\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Politics UK\",\"description\":\"Eleventh Edition\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\\\/\",\"name\":\"Part 2 \\u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK\",\"description\":\"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-21T12:52:12+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-08-26T11:03:14+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/\",\"name\":\"Politics UK\",\"description\":\"Eleventh Edition\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/politicsuk\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK","description":"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes","canonical_url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/#listItem","name":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk#listItem","name":"Home"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#organization","name":"Politics UK","description":"Eleventh Edition","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/","name":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK","description":"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2025-08-21T12:52:12+00:00","dateModified":"2026-08-26T11:03:14+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/","name":"Politics UK","description":"Eleventh Edition","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"Politics UK - Eleventh Edition","og:type":"article","og:title":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK","og:description":"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes","og:url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/","article:published_time":"2025-08-21T12:52:12+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-08-26T11:03:14+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World - Politics UK","twitter:description":"Chapter 4 Ideology and the liberal tradition Chapter 5 Political ideas: the major parties Chapter 6 Political ideas: Identities and political fringes"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"150","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"WebPage","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"open_ai":null,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"created":"2025-08-21 12:52:06","updated":"2026-08-26 11:26:14","focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u203a<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tPart 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk"},{"label":"Part 2 \u2013 Defining the Political World","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/part-2-defining-the-political-world\/"}],"permalink_manager":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/150","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/150\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":759,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/150\/revisions\/759"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/politicsuk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=150"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}