{"id":13,"date":"2026-09-09T11:24:27","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T11:24:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/?page_id=13"},"modified":"2026-10-15T08:10:54","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T08:10:54","slug":"flashcards","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/","title":{"rendered":"Flashcards"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-border-color has-contrast-color has-transparent-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-1 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#e1e1e1;border-width:1px;padding-right:0;padding-left:0;flex-basis:100%\">\n<div data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabsId&quot;:&quot;tabs_1&quot;,&quot;activeTabIndex&quot;:0}\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.onTabsInit\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/tabs\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" class=\"wp-block-tabs .wp-block-tab-list button has-custom-css has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-tabs-is-layout-flow wp-custom-css-1fc978d9\" style=\"background-color:#f7f7f7;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div aria-label=\"Tabbed content\" role=\"tablist\" class=\"wp-block-tab-list has-extra-small-font-size is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-tab-list-is-layout-0c6fe45f wp-block-tab-list-is-layout-flex\"><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-0\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:0}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-0\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 1 <\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-1\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:1}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-1\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 2<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-2\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:2}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-2\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 3<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-3\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:3}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-3\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 4<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-4\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:4}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-4\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 5<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-5\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:5}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-5\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 6<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-6\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:6}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-6\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 7<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-7\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:7}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-7\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 8<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-8\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:8}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-8\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 9<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-9\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:9}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-9\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 10<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-10\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:10}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-10\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 11<\/button><button aria-controls=\"tabs_1-tab-11\" data-wp-bind--aria-selected=\"state.isActiveTab\" data-wp-bind--tabindex=\"state.tabIndexAttribute\" data-wp-context=\"{&quot;tabIndex&quot;:11}\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.handleTabClick\" data-wp-on--keydown=\"actions.handleTabKeyDown\" id=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-11\" class=\"has-contrast-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color has-border-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color\" style=\"border-width:3px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\">Chapter 12<\/button><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-tab-panels has-transparent-background-color has-background\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-0\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-0\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel has-primary-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Action Readiness\" data-back=\"Refers to the tendency of an emotion to serve as a motive for a set of actions specific to the emotion being experienced.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Action Readiness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Refers to the tendency of an emotion to serve as a motive for a set of actions specific to the emotion being experienced.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Activation\" data-back=\"An individual is spurred or induced into action from a previously inactive state or a change in action or behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Activation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual is spurred or induced into action from a previously inactive state or a change in action or behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affect\" data-back=\"The subjective feeling part of an emotion to be contrasted with sensations of hunger or thirst, tired or sleepy, hot or cold.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The subjective feeling part of an emotion to be contrasted with sensations of hunger or thirst, tired or sleepy, hot or cold.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affective Forecasting\" data-back=\"When a person predicts his or her subjective feelings (affect) much like the weather reporter forecasts the weather.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affective Forecasting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When a person predicts his or her subjective feelings (affect) much like the weather reporter forecasts the weather.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anticipatory Behavior\" data-back=\"Miniscule responses that resemble actual consummatory responses that occur when a goal is being achieved.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anticipatory Behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Miniscule responses that resemble actual consummatory responses that occur when a goal is being achieved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anticipatory Response Mechanism\" data-back=\"Miniscule consummatory responses elicited by stimuli associated with the goal; the mechanism describes prediction or looking forward to the goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anticipatory Response Mechanism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Miniscule consummatory responses elicited by stimuli associated with the goal; the mechanism describes prediction or looking forward to the goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Appraisal\" data-back=\"The act of assessing something or someone; affecting or relevant to the individual in some way.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Appraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The act of assessing something or someone; affecting or relevant to the individual in some way.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Basic Emotions\" data-back=\"Universal, innate, and automatic emotional responses evolved for survival, characterized by distinct facial expressions and physiological changes.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Basic Emotions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Universal, innate, and automatic emotional responses evolved for survival, characterized by distinct facial expressions and physiological changes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behaviorists\" data-back=\"Psychologists that believe experience was the primary determinant of human actions and behaviours, and declared that psychology should focus exclusively on observable behaviour and the environmental stimuli that set the occasion for the behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behaviorists<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychologists that believe experience was the primary determinant of human actions and behaviours, and declared that psychology should focus exclusively on observable behaviour and the environmental stimuli that set the occasion for the behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Biological\" data-back=\"Characteristics of the material body or brain and how that relates to motivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Biological<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Characteristics of the material body or brain and how that relates to motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Choice\" data-back=\"What an individual actually chooses or selects from among possible alternatives.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Choice<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>What an individual actually chooses or selects from among possible alternatives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive Motivation\" data-back=\"Visualising the end-state or goal of the motivation sequence and mentally perceiving a plan or script to achieve that goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Visualising the end-state or goal of the motivation sequence and mentally perceiving a plan or script to achieve that goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive Maps\" data-back=\"Internal mental representations of our environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive Maps<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Internal mental representations of our environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Consummatory Behavior\" data-back=\"From the verb to finish, as in finishing the motivation sequence when the person interacts with the goal, e.g., eating or affiliating.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Consummatory Behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>From the verb to finish, as in finishing the motivation sequence when the person interacts with the goal, e.g., eating or affiliating.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Demand\" data-back=\"How much an incentive or reward is wanted or desired based on its utility and value.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Demand<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How much an incentive or reward is wanted or desired based on its utility and value.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Drive\" data-back=\"Motivation construct that results from being deprived of a needed substance. It acts like an internal stimulus that motivates action to reduce drive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Drive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivation construct that results from being deprived of a needed substance. It acts like an internal stimulus that motivates action to reduce drive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Efficient Causes\" data-back=\"Triggers of behaviour such as a person&#8217;s current motives and incentives.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Efficient Causes<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Triggers of behaviour such as a person&#8217;s current motives and incentives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion\" data-back=\"An evolved coordinated effort among physiological, psychological, and behavioural dimensions in order to cope with an environmental demand or problem.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An evolved coordinated effort among physiological, psychological, and behavioural dimensions in order to cope with an environmental demand or problem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"End-State\" data-back=\"The aim or purpose of motivation like attaining incentives, achieving goals, or satisfying needs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>End-State<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The aim or purpose of motivation like attaining incentives, achieving goals, or satisfying needs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"External Source\" data-back=\"Entities in the environment that motivate behaviour via their pull, e.g., incentives and goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>External Source<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Entities in the environment that motivate behaviour via their pull, e.g., incentives and goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evolution (Theory of)\" data-back=\"According to Darwin, from differences among traits, the environment selected traits that aided the organism\u2019s survival and that of its offspring.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evolution (Theory of)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>According to Darwin, from differences among traits, the environment selected traits that aided the organism\u2019s survival and that of its offspring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evolutionary Past\" data-back=\"Accumulations of the effects of millions of years of natural selection that reside in a person\u2019s genes.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evolutionary Past<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Accumulations of the effects of millions of years of natural selection that reside in a person\u2019s genes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Expectancy\" data-back=\"The subjective probability that a given behaviour will lead to a particular reinforcer.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Expectancy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The subjective probability that a given behaviour will lead to a particular reinforcer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Field Theory\" data-back=\"Behaviour is determined by the intersection of the individual and their immediate environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Field Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviour is determined by the intersection of the individual and their immediate environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Final Causes\" data-back=\"The aim or purpose of motivated behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Final Causes<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The aim or purpose of motivated behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Frequency\" data-back=\"How often (rate) a specific behaviour occurs during a fixed time interval.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Frequency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How often (rate) a specific behaviour occurs during a fixed time interval.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Formal Causes\" data-back=\"Integrating the concept of motivation into models, hypotheses, or theories of behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Formal Causes<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Integrating the concept of motivation into models, hypotheses, or theories of behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Ghrelin\" data-back=\"A hormone residing in the stomach that promotes hunger and eating; example of a biological variable.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Ghrelin<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A hormone residing in the stomach that promotes hunger and eating; example of a biological variable.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal\" data-back=\"The cognitive representation of a selected end-state that a person commits to and is pulled toward achieving.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The cognitive representation of a selected end-state that a person commits to and is pulled toward achieving.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hedonism\" data-back=\"Motivation principle that emphasises the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hedonism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivation principle that emphasises the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Homeostasis\" data-back=\"A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Homeostasis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A state of balance among all the body systems needed for the body to survive and function correctly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hull\u2019s Drive Theory\" data-back=\"Behaviour is motivated by the need to reduce internal tension (drives) caused by biological imbalances, such as hunger or thirst.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hull\u2019s Drive Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviour is motivated by the need to reduce internal tension (drives) caused by biological imbalances, such as hunger or thirst.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incentive\" data-back=\"A valued feature of the environment that motivates an individual to attain it, if positive, and avoid it, if negative.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incentive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A valued feature of the environment that motivates an individual to attain it, if positive, and avoid it, if negative.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Instrumental Behavior\" data-back=\"Motivated activities that a person performs that will lead to the satisfaction of a motive, attaining an incentive, or achieving a goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Instrumental Behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivated activities that a person performs that will lead to the satisfaction of a motive, attaining an incentive, or achieving a goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intensity\" data-back=\"Effort, exertion, force, or vigour with which motivated behaviour or thought is performed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intensity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Effort, exertion, force, or vigour with which motivated behaviour or thought is performed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Internal Sources\" data-back=\"These are biological or psychological needs within a person. They motivate behaviour toward an entity that reduces or satisfies the needs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Internal Sources<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>These are biological or psychological needs within a person. They motivate behaviour toward an entity that reduces or satisfies the needs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Interoception\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s perception of internal sensations or stimuli coming from inside one\u2019s body, e.g., hungry versus sleepy; lonely versus anxiety.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Interoception<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s perception of internal sensations or stimuli coming from inside one\u2019s body, e.g., hungry versus sleepy; lonely versus anxiety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Law of Effect\" data-back=\"Behaviours followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by discomfort are less likely to recur.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Law of Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviours followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated, while those followed by discomfort are less likely to recur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Life Space\" data-back=\"The total psychological environment, including the person&#8217;s perceptions, goals, and social context.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Life Space<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The total psychological environment, including the person&#8217;s perceptions, goals, and social context.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Material Causes\" data-back=\"The material of which a thing is made.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Material Causes<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The material of which a thing is made.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivated\" data-back=\"To be moved into action or change in action by the push of a motive or the pull of an incentive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivated<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>To be moved into action or change in action by the push of a motive or the pull of an incentive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivation\" data-back=\"The process by which a person is pushed or pulled toward a selected end-state comprised of a concrete goal, consummatory behaviour, or subjective feeling.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The process by which a person is pushed or pulled toward a selected end-state comprised of a concrete goal, consummatory behaviour, or subjective feeling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motive\" data-back=\"An internal disposition (hunger, desire, need, want) that pushes an individual toward a desired end-state or goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An internal disposition (hunger, desire, need, want) that pushes an individual toward a desired end-state or goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need\" data-back=\"Similar to drive, it referred to an existing psychological deficit. People are motivated to reduce the deficit\u2014that is, satisfy the need.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Similar to drive, it referred to an existing psychological deficit. People are motivated to reduce the deficit\u2014that is, satisfy the need.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Valence\" data-back=\"Intrinsic unpleasantness, averseness, or &quot;badness&quot; of an emotion, object, or situation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Valence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Intrinsic unpleasantness, averseness, or &quot;badness&quot; of an emotion, object, or situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Operant Conditioning\" data-back=\"Behaviours are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Operant Conditioning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviours are strengthened or weakened based on their consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Overt Behavior\" data-back=\"Any directly observable, measurable, and external action or physical movement performed by an individual, such as walking, talking, laughing, or gesturing.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Overt Behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Any directly observable, measurable, and external action or physical movement performed by an individual, such as walking, talking, laughing, or gesturing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Persistence\" data-back=\"Also known as perseverance, it is revealed by the duration of motivated behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Persistence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Also known as perseverance, it is revealed by the duration of motivated behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Personality Traits\" data-back=\"Consistency in a person\u2019s behaviour in similar situations on different occasions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Personality Traits<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Consistency in a person\u2019s behaviour in similar situations on different occasions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Pleasure Principle\" data-back=\"A person&#8217;s pursuit of pleasure, which is attained from a decrease in psychological tension, mainly when it follows from a sudden increase in tension.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Pleasure Principle<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person&#8217;s pursuit of pleasure, which is attained from a decrease in psychological tension, mainly when it follows from a sudden increase in tension.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Physiological Arousal\" data-back=\"A state of heightened physical alertness and activation, primarily driven by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress, excitement, or stimuli.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Physiological Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A state of heightened physical alertness and activation, primarily driven by the sympathetic nervous system in response to stress, excitement, or stimuli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Physiological Needs\" data-back=\"Concern self-maintenance and include the need for air, water, food, sex, lactation, urination, rest and sleep, defecation, and physical stimulation, as well as the need to avoid harm, noxious stimuli, heat, and cold.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Physiological Needs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Concern self-maintenance and include the need for air, water, food, sex, lactation, urination, rest and sleep, defecation, and physical stimulation, as well as the need to avoid harm, noxious stimuli, heat, and cold.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Positive Valence\" data-back=\"Intrinsic attractiveness, desirability, or &quot;goodness&quot; of an object, event, or situation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Positive Valence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Intrinsic attractiveness, desirability, or &quot;goodness&quot; of an object, event, or situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Distance\" data-back=\"The cognitive separation between the self and other people, events, or times, acting as a mental &quot;wide-angle lens&quot; to shift perspective from immediate, emotional experiences to a broader, more abstract view.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Distance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The cognitive separation between the self and other people, events, or times, acting as a mental &quot;wide-angle lens&quot; to shift perspective from immediate, emotional experiences to a broader, more abstract view.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Force\" data-back=\"The push and pull of motivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Force<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The push and pull of motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Needs\" data-back=\"Concern mental or emotional satisfaction and are derived from or depend on primary needs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Needs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Concern mental or emotional satisfaction and are derived from or depend on primary needs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Purposive Behavior Theory\" data-back=\"A cognitive-behavioural theory stating that all actions are goal-directed, purposeful, and molar (meaningful, whole acts) rather than just simple stimulus-response reactions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Purposive Behavior Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A cognitive-behavioural theory stating that all actions are goal-directed, purposeful, and molar (meaningful, whole acts) rather than just simple stimulus-response reactions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Push\/Pull Motivation\" data-back=\"Idea that motives push and incentives or goals pull people into action.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Push\/Pull Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Idea that motives push and incentives or goals pull people into action.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reality Principle\" data-back=\"Circumstances may force the individual to postpone immediate pleasure or endure discomfort if the result is greater pleasure later.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reality Principle<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Circumstances may force the individual to postpone immediate pleasure or endure discomfort if the result is greater pleasure later.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reinforcement and Punishers\" data-back=\"Behaviour is strengthened if followed by reinforcement and weakened if followed by punishment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reinforcement and Punishers<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviour is strengthened if followed by reinforcement and weakened if followed by punishment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Simulation\" data-back=\"Anticipated psychological experiences that occur as if the individual were actually visualising, interacting, or imagining an end-state.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Simulation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Anticipated psychological experiences that occur as if the individual were actually visualising, interacting, or imagining an end-state.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Superiority Theory of Humor\" data-back=\"Laughter and amusement arise when you perceive yourself as better or superior in comparison to other individuals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Superiority Theory of Humor<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Laughter and amusement arise when you perceive yourself as better or superior in comparison to other individuals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tension\" data-back=\"The deficit in a person&#8217;s internal environment resulting from an unfulfilled intention, a physiological need, or a psychological need.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tension<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The deficit in a person&#8217;s internal environment resulting from an unfulfilled intention, a physiological need, or a psychological need.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Temporal Distance\" data-back=\"The amount of time separating the present (&quot;here and now&quot;) from a past or future event, functioning as a key component of psychological distance.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Temporal Distance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The amount of time separating the present (&quot;here and now&quot;) from a past or future event, functioning as a key component of psychological distance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Utility (Principle of)\" data-back=\"Decisions and actions are motivated by the usefulness of incentives to increase happiness or satisfaction and decrease unhappiness or dissatisfaction.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Utility (Principle of)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Decisions and actions are motivated by the usefulness of incentives to increase happiness or satisfaction and decrease unhappiness or dissatisfaction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Valence\" data-back=\"Positive and negative features of an incentive. Positive features attract an individual to an incentive while negative features repel.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Valence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Positive and negative features of an incentive. Positive features attract an individual to an incentive while negative features repel.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_ae6d7e19c2e51116827aedf1265b1fcb');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-1\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-1\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Agentic Theory\" data-back=\"Heredity can influence the environment because individuals actively choose, modify, or shape their surroundings based on their genetic predispositions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Agentic Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Heredity can influence the environment because individuals actively choose, modify, or shape their surroundings based on their genetic predispositions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Biosocial Theory\" data-back=\"Sex differences in physical strength and reproductive capacity interact with society\u2019s expectations about social roles, which result in gender differences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Biosocial Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Sex differences in physical strength and reproductive capacity interact with society\u2019s expectations about social roles, which result in gender differences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Commitment Problem\" data-back=\"Necessity of one individual being loyal and faithful to another for the survival benefit of one or both of them, e.g., mother commits to her infant.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Commitment Problem<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Necessity of one individual being loyal and faithful to another for the survival benefit of one or both of them, e.g., mother commits to her infant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Consonant vs Dissonant music\" data-back=\"Consonant is music that is acceptable, pleasant, and harmonious in contrast to dissonant music, which is unacceptable, and sounds unpleasant or harsh, and is inharmonious.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Consonant vs Dissonant music<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Consonant is music that is acceptable, pleasant, and harmonious in contrast to dissonant music, which is unacceptable, and sounds unpleasant or harsh, and is inharmonious.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Contraprepared\" data-back=\"Behaviors that are learned with great difficulty and only after much experience.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Contraprepared<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviors that are learned with great difficulty and only after much experience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Entrainment\" data-back=\"Body movements that synchronize with an external auditory beat, as in keeping time with the beat of the music.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Entrainment<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Body movements that synchronize with an external auditory beat, as in keeping time with the beat of the music.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Environmental Security Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Individuals assess the characteristics of potential mates based on environmental conditions, selecting traits that offer the greatest adaptive advantage for themselves and their offspring in that specific environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Environmental Security Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Individuals assess the characteristics of potential mates based on environmental conditions, selecting traits that offer the greatest adaptive advantage for themselves and their offspring in that specific environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evolutionary History\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s genetic make-up or nature that resulted from evolution. It is responsible for human nature, psychological mechanisms, and universal motives.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evolutionary History<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s genetic make-up or nature that resulted from evolution. It is responsible for human nature, psychological mechanisms, and universal motives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Conditions that prevailed when psychological mechanisms evolved are no longer present today and motivate individuals to behave in a manner that is not the best for them.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evolutionary Mismatch Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Conditions that prevailed when psychological mechanisms evolved are no longer present today and motivate individuals to behave in a manner that is not the best for them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evolutionary Relevant Fears\" data-back=\"Fears of stimuli such as snakes, spiders, and heights that evolved because detecting and avoiding them increased survival chances in our ancestral environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evolutionary Relevant Fears<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Fears of stimuli such as snakes, spiders, and heights that evolved because detecting and avoiding them increased survival chances in our ancestral environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Genes\" data-back=\"Parts of a person\u2019s DNA that provide information for the construction of proteins, which form the building blocks of the brain and bodily structures.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Genes<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Parts of a person\u2019s DNA that provide information for the construction of proteins, which form the building blocks of the brain and bodily structures.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Gene-Environment Correlation\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s genetic make-up determines the environment in which s\/he chooses to live or spend time; this environment, in turn, affects the individual\u2019s motivation and behavior (trait-environment correlation).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Gene-Environment Correlation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s genetic make-up determines the environment in which s\/he chooses to live or spend time; this environment, in turn, affects the individual\u2019s motivation and behavior (trait-environment correlation).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Human Nature\" data-back=\"Behavioral, motivational, and emotional similarities among people as a result of their common evolutionary history.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Human Nature<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behavioral, motivational, and emotional similarities among people as a result of their common evolutionary history.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Infidelity\" data-back=\"A negative emotion that stems from a person\u2019s partner forming a deep emotional attachment to another person or from engaging in and enjoying passionate sexual intercourse with another person (emotional and sexual infidelity).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Infidelity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A negative emotion that stems from a person\u2019s partner forming a deep emotional attachment to another person or from engaging in and enjoying passionate sexual intercourse with another person (emotional and sexual infidelity).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Innate\" data-back=\"Describes behavior that is strongly influenced by heredity; behavior that is not taught or not the result of experience.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Innate<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Describes behavior that is strongly influenced by heredity; behavior that is not taught or not the result of experience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Instincts\" data-back=\"Inherent impulse or motivation to action performed in response to specific external stimuli.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Instincts<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Inherent impulse or motivation to action performed in response to specific external stimuli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Instinct Theory\" data-back=\"Human and animal motivations are based on inherent behaviors that are present from birth.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Instinct Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Human and animal motivations are based on inherent behaviors that are present from birth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Jealousy\" data-back=\"A negative emotion triggered by an actual or suspected loss of a mate\u2019s sexual services or a mate\u2019s affection.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Jealousy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A negative emotion triggered by an actual or suspected loss of a mate\u2019s sexual services or a mate\u2019s affection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Kindchenschema\" data-back=\"Physical characteristics such as a large head, big eyes, and chubby cheeks that makes babies and young children appear cute.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Kindchenschema<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Physical characteristics such as a large head, big eyes, and chubby cheeks that makes babies and young children appear cute.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Long-Term Relationships\" data-back=\"Relationships that emphasize enduring commitment and the pursuit of shared goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Long-Term Relationships<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Relationships that emphasize enduring commitment and the pursuit of shared goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mate Poaching\" data-back=\"Attempts to attract someone as a romantic or sexual partner when that someone is already in a romantic relationship.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mate Poaching<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Attempts to attract someone as a romantic or sexual partner when that someone is already in a romantic relationship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mate Value\" data-back=\"Those characteristics of a person that are desired by the other sex, such as good looks, dependability, ambition, and industriousness.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mate Value<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Those characteristics of a person that are desired by the other sex, such as good looks, dependability, ambition, and industriousness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Nurturance\" data-back=\"Part of the parental care motivation which involves affection, attention, and support to offspring.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Nurturance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Part of the parental care motivation which involves affection, attention, and support to offspring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Parental Care Motivation System\" data-back=\"Biological and psychological system that evolved to ensure offspring survival by promoting caregiving and responsive behaviors, supporting children\u2019s development to maturity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Parental Care Motivation System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Biological and psychological system that evolved to ensure offspring survival by promoting caregiving and responsive behaviors, supporting children\u2019s development to maturity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Parental Investment\" data-back=\"Resources and care parents provide offspring to increase their survival and reproduction, at the cost of other offspring.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Parental Investment<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Resources and care parents provide offspring to increase their survival and reproduction, at the cost of other offspring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Personal History\" data-back=\"Each person\u2019s unique experiences that have accumulated over his or her lifetime.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Personal History<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Each person\u2019s unique experiences that have accumulated over his or her lifetime.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Population Thinking\" data-back=\"The idea that individuals in a population are inherently different, with variation in traits, behaviors, and motivations.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Population Thinking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The idea that individuals in a population are inherently different, with variation in traits, behaviors, and motivations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Preparedness\" data-back=\"The ease with which a behavior is learned. It ranges from being prepared (easy) to being contraprepared (difficult) to learn a behavior.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Preparedness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The ease with which a behavior is learned. It ranges from being prepared (easy) to being contraprepared (difficult) to learn a behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Processing Fluency\" data-back=\"The ease by which information is recognized, categorized, evaluated, and stored in memory. Easily processed music is enjoyed more.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Processing Fluency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The ease by which information is recognized, categorized, evaluated, and stored in memory. Easily processed music is enjoyed more.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Protection\" data-back=\"Part of the parental care motivation system which drives individuals to safeguard their offspring from threats and harm.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Protection<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Part of the parental care motivation system which drives individuals to safeguard their offspring from threats and harm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Mechanisms\" data-back=\"A set of behavioral tendencies that evolved through natural selection in order to solve recurring problems of adaptation to the environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Mechanisms<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A set of behavioral tendencies that evolved through natural selection in order to solve recurring problems of adaptation to the environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Relational Mate Value\" data-back=\"As a relationship progresses, it is the amount of satisfaction that a person derives from being in a relationship with that individual.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Relational Mate Value<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>As a relationship progresses, it is the amount of satisfaction that a person derives from being in a relationship with that individual.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Romantic Love\" data-back=\"An emotion that involves a strong attachment between individuals, strong sexual desire, and promotes long-term commitment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Romantic Love<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion that involves a strong attachment between individuals, strong sexual desire, and promotes long-term commitment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sexual Desire\" data-back=\"A universal motive that motivates sexual behavior in a couple for the production of offspring.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sexual Desire<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A universal motive that motivates sexual behavior in a couple for the production of offspring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sexual Selection\" data-back=\"Darwin\u2019s term for one sex choosing a mate with certain traits that lead to successful reproduction and increases survival.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sexual Selection<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Darwin\u2019s term for one sex choosing a mate with certain traits that lead to successful reproduction and increases survival.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Short-Term Relationship\" data-back=\"Relationships that focus on immediate gratification and involve limited consideration of long-term goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Short-Term Relationship<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Relationships that focus on immediate gratification and involve limited consideration of long-term goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Snake Detection Theory\" data-back=\"Humans evolved acute eyesight to detect snakes and hence avoid them; earlier detection of camouflaged snakes permit individuals to make rapid avoidance responses.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Snake Detection Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Humans evolved acute eyesight to detect snakes and hence avoid them; earlier detection of camouflaged snakes permit individuals to make rapid avoidance responses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social Homogamy\" data-back=\"Individuals are attracted to and form relationships with others who share similar socio-cultural backgrounds, such as age, race or ethnicity, values, socioeconomic status, religion, physical traits, and political beliefs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social Homogamy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Individuals are attracted to and form relationships with others who share similar socio-cultural backgrounds, such as age, race or ethnicity, values, socioeconomic status, religion, physical traits, and political beliefs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Strategic Pluralism Theory\" data-back=\"Explains variability in human mating behavior, suggesting that individuals do not follow a fixed strategy but instead exhibit conditional mating strategies, adapting their behavior flexibly toward short-term or long-term mating goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Strategic Pluralism Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Explains variability in human mating behavior, suggesting that individuals do not follow a fixed strategy but instead exhibit conditional mating strategies, adapting their behavior flexibly toward short-term or long-term mating goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Theory of Evolution\" data-back=\"All species are related and have descended from earlier forms of life.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Theory of Evolution<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>All species are related and have descended from earlier forms of life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Theory of Instinct\" data-back=\"Human and animal motivations are based on inherited behavioral impulses, consisting of perceptual, behavioral, and emotional components, that are automatically triggered by specific stimuli with little to no role for experience or learning.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Theory of Instinct<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Human and animal motivations are based on inherited behavioral impulses, consisting of perceptual, behavioral, and emotional components, that are automatically triggered by specific stimuli with little to no role for experience or learning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Trait-Environment Correlation\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s personality traits influence the environment s\/he selects, alters, or manipulates. Traits and environment correlate because the traits select environments that motivate the individual (see gene-environment correlation).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Trait-Environment Correlation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s personality traits influence the environment s\/he selects, alters, or manipulates. Traits and environment correlate because the traits select environments that motivate the individual (see gene-environment correlation).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_fc043360bc2d32bb845bc69772d58bd0');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-2\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-2\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Action Readiness\" data-back=\"A state of preparedness, felt as an urge or impulse, to execute a particular behavior in the service of achieving the aim of an emotion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Action Readiness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A state of preparedness, felt as an urge or impulse, to execute a particular behavior in the service of achieving the aim of an emotion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affect\" data-back=\"The subjective feeling part of an emotion and is one of the channels of emotion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The subjective feeling part of an emotion and is one of the channels of emotion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Allostasis\" data-back=\"The brain&#8217;s primary focus is to ensure that our bodies have the necessary resources to function efficiently, survive, and reproduce.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Allostasis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The brain&#8217;s primary focus is to ensure that our bodies have the necessary resources to function efficiently, survive, and reproduce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Amygdala\" data-back=\"A site located in the interior part of the brain that rapidly evaluates incoming information for novelty, valence, or danger for a person\u2019s well-being.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Amygdala<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A site located in the interior part of the brain that rapidly evaluates incoming information for novelty, valence, or danger for a person\u2019s well-being.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Appraisal\" data-back=\"This is the cognitive process of interpreting and evaluating a situation, determining its significance, and how it relates to one&#8217;s goals and well-being.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Appraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>This is the cognitive process of interpreting and evaluating a situation, determining its significance, and how it relates to one&#8217;s goals and well-being.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Attentional Bias\" data-back=\"The tendency to fixate on specific, often emotionally charged or personally relevant stimuli while ignoring other information.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Attentional Bias<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The tendency to fixate on specific, often emotionally charged or personally relevant stimuli while ignoring other information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Autonomic Nervous System\" data-back=\"The system is responsible for changes in blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, muscle activity, skin temperature, and electrodermal responses (change in the electrical properties of the skin).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Autonomic Nervous System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The system is responsible for changes in blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, muscle activity, skin temperature, and electrodermal responses (change in the electrical properties of the skin).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Aware Appraisal\" data-back=\"Uses information obtained by the amygdala during the pre-aware appraisal process, general arousal information, and context-specific information gathered from past experiences to inform their behavior.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Aware Appraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Uses information obtained by the amygdala during the pre-aware appraisal process, general arousal information, and context-specific information gathered from past experiences to inform their behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Body Sensation Maps\" data-back=\"&quot; Fingerprints,&quot;  for each emotion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Body Sensation Maps<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>&quot; Fingerprints,&quot;  for each emotion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cannon\u2019s Theory\" data-back=\"Physiological arousal is an indication that the organism is ready or prepared for an emergency response, e.g., fight or flight.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cannon\u2019s Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Physiological arousal is an indication that the organism is ready or prepared for an emergency response, e.g., fight or flight.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Channels\" data-back=\"Psychological, physiological, and behavioral channels that operate in tandem to cope with and adapt to various events or stimuli in our daily lives, often resulting in overt behaviors or external signs of emotion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Channels<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychological, physiological, and behavioral channels that operate in tandem to cope with and adapt to various events or stimuli in our daily lives, often resulting in overt behaviors or external signs of emotion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive Arousal Theory\" data-back=\"Affective experience results from the interpretation a person gives her physiological arousal pattern based on information from the emotion situation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive Arousal Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Affective experience results from the interpretation a person gives her physiological arousal pattern based on information from the emotion situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive Schemas\" data-back=\"Informative representations of social norms and conventions that we refer to to know how we should display our emotions across contexts, such as when alone, with family, with strangers, or at work.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive Schemas<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Informative representations of social norms and conventions that we refer to to know how we should display our emotions across contexts, such as when alone, with family, with strangers, or at work.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Core Affect\" data-back=\"Physiological feelings that stem from arousal of the autonomic nervous system. The feelings reach awareness and are experienced as positive or negative.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Core Affect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Physiological feelings that stem from arousal of the autonomic nervous system. The feelings reach awareness and are experienced as positive or negative.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cortex\" data-back=\"The outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cortex<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The outer layer of the cerebrum, composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Degeneracy\" data-back=\"A process that occurs when multiple spatiotemporal patterns and neural mechanisms converge to produce a particular outcome.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Degeneracy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A process that occurs when multiple spatiotemporal patterns and neural mechanisms converge to produce a particular outcome.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Differential Habituation Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Humans prioritise the processing of cues related to threat over those related to rewards due to their differential value for survival.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Differential Habituation Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Humans prioritise the processing of cues related to threat over those related to rewards due to their differential value for survival.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dishabituation\" data-back=\"The reappearance or strengthening of a response diminished by repeated exposure.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dishabituation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The reappearance or strengthening of a response diminished by repeated exposure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Display Rules\" data-back=\"Unspoken social conventions that dictate how emotions are expressed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Display Rules<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Unspoken social conventions that dictate how emotions are expressed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emergency Response\" data-back=\"An emotional response that occurs during an urgent situation or emergency, such as fighting or fleeing.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emergency Response<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotional response that occurs during an urgent situation or emergency, such as fighting or fleeing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion\" data-back=\"An evolved coordinated effort among physiological, psychological, and behavioral dimensions to cope with an environmental demand or problem.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An evolved coordinated effort among physiological, psychological, and behavioral dimensions to cope with an environmental demand or problem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion Channels\" data-back=\"Dimensions along which emotions are expressed, e.g., affect, facial expressions, physiological arousal, action readiness, and behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion Channels<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Dimensions along which emotions are expressed, e.g., affect, facial expressions, physiological arousal, action readiness, and behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion Dynamics\" data-back=\"How emotions change and fluctuate over time.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion Dynamics<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How emotions change and fluctuate over time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion Prototype\" data-back=\"Label given to an emotion category, which suggests the average meaning that all emotion words in that category have in common.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion Prototype<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Label given to an emotion category, which suggests the average meaning that all emotion words in that category have in common.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion Education\" data-back=\"Process by which people learn to label their own emotional feelings with emotion words.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion Education<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Process by which people learn to label their own emotional feelings with emotion words.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Excitation Transfer\" data-back=\"Physiological arousal induced from one source influences emotional experience and behaviour induced from another source.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Excitation Transfer<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Physiological arousal induced from one source influences emotional experience and behaviour induced from another source.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Expression-Feeling Link\" data-back=\"Facial expressions and affective experiences that occur in response to an emotional stimulus.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Expression-Feeling Link<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Facial expressions and affective experiences that occur in response to an emotional stimulus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Extrapyramidal System\" data-back=\"A part of the motor system that controls involuntary movements, posture, and balance by influencing skeletal muscles.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Extrapyramidal System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A part of the motor system that controls involuntary movements, posture, and balance by influencing skeletal muscles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Facial Expressions\" data-back=\"Nonverbal, often involuntary, movements of facial muscles (eyes, eyebrows, mouth) that communicate emotions and intentions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Facial Expressions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Nonverbal, often involuntary, movements of facial muscles (eyes, eyebrows, mouth) that communicate emotions and intentions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Fight-or-Flight Response\" data-back=\"An evolved survival mechanism that triggers rapid hormonal and physiological changes in our autonomic nervous system, specifically our sympathetic nervous system, enabling humans to respond to threats by fighting, fleeing, or freezing.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Fight-or-Flight Response<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An evolved survival mechanism that triggers rapid hormonal and physiological changes in our autonomic nervous system, specifically our sympathetic nervous system, enabling humans to respond to threats by fighting, fleeing, or freezing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Habituated\" data-back=\"Being accustomed to or used to something through frequent, repeated, or prolonged exposure.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Habituated<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Being accustomed to or used to something through frequent, repeated, or prolonged exposure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Honeymoon Effect\" data-back=\"Decline in the frequency of sexual intercourse from early in the marriage or relationship compared to later in the relationship.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Honeymoon Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Decline in the frequency of sexual intercourse from early in the marriage or relationship compared to later in the relationship.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"James-Lange Theory\" data-back=\"The theory that each specific emotional feeling is accompanied by a unique physiological response pattern associated with that feeling.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>James-Lange Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The theory that each specific emotional feeling is accompanied by a unique physiological response pattern associated with that feeling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Law of Change\" data-back=\"The greater the change of the emotion stimulus, the stronger the subsequent emotion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Law of Change<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The greater the change of the emotion stimulus, the stronger the subsequent emotion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Law of Emotional Momentum\" data-back=\"An emotion stimulus can repeatedly elicit the same emotion provided that an individual has not habituated to the stimulus.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Law of Emotional Momentum<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion stimulus can repeatedly elicit the same emotion provided that an individual has not habituated to the stimulus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivation\" data-back=\"To be moved into action.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>To be moved into action.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motive for Action\" data-back=\"The combination of an underlying reason (motive) and the resulting behaviour (action) to achieve a goal, forming the basis of motivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motive for Action<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The combination of an underlying reason (motive) and the resulting behaviour (action) to achieve a goal, forming the basis of motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Ontogenetic Stimuli\" data-back=\"Environmental or internal cues that influence an organism&#8217;s development and behaviour during its specific lifespan (ontogeny), often prompting temporary, adaptive responses like infantile reflexes (e.g., rooting) or shaping neural\/cognitive growth.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Ontogenetic Stimuli<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Environmental or internal cues that influence an organism&#8217;s development and behaviour during its specific lifespan (ontogeny), often prompting temporary, adaptive responses like infantile reflexes (e.g., rooting) or shaping neural\/cognitive growth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Orienting Bias\" data-back=\"A consistent, individual-specific tendency to direct attention towards one side of space (left or right hemispace).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Orienting Bias<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A consistent, individual-specific tendency to direct attention towards one side of space (left or right hemispace).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Pattern Classification Analysis\" data-back=\"A research strategy by which researchers detect patterns of physiological responses to determine if they coincide with a person\u2019s current affect.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Pattern Classification Analysis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A research strategy by which researchers detect patterns of physiological responses to determine if they coincide with a person\u2019s current affect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Physiological Arousal\" data-back=\"The autonomic nervous system&#8217;s activation\u2014driven by adrenaline, cortisol, and noradrenaline\u2014that prepares the body for action, stress, or excitement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Physiological Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The autonomic nervous system&#8217;s activation\u2014driven by adrenaline, cortisol, and noradrenaline\u2014that prepares the body for action, stress, or excitement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Pre-Aware Appraisal\" data-back=\"This phase occurs without a person being aware of or attending to the appraisal process.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Pre-Aware Appraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>This phase occurs without a person being aware of or attending to the appraisal process.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Response Coherence Postulate\" data-back=\"The channels or dimensions that underlie emotions are associated and respond together uniformly; they do not act independently.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Response Coherence Postulate<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The channels or dimensions that underlie emotions are associated and respond together uniformly; they do not act independently.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Schadenfreude\" data-back=\"Laughing at the misfortune of others.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Schadenfreude<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Laughing at the misfortune of others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Conscious Emotions\" data-back=\"Emotions like shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride that result from the evaluation that people think others are making about them.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Conscious Emotions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Emotions like shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride that result from the evaluation that people think others are making about them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Stimulus Habituation\" data-back=\"Repeated exposure to a stimulus reduces the intensity of the emotion response.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Stimulus Habituation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Repeated exposure to a stimulus reduces the intensity of the emotion response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Constructed Emotion (Theory of)\" data-back=\"Brain creates an emotion based on the pattern of general arousal, the current situation, plus memory of similar situations; brain\u2019s interpretation of arousal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Constructed Emotion (Theory of)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Brain creates an emotion based on the pattern of general arousal, the current situation, plus memory of similar situations; brain\u2019s interpretation of arousal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Thalamus\" data-back=\"A subcortical structure responsible for relaying and modulating sensory and emotional information\u2013is responsible for the simultaneous and independent activation of arousal and our feelings.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Thalamus<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A subcortical structure responsible for relaying and modulating sensory and emotional information\u2013is responsible for the simultaneous and independent activation of arousal and our feelings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_dceaa4a6e5c30a3b9efc0cf781e258c8');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-3\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-3\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affect\" data-back=\"One of the channels of emotion. It refers to a psychological feeling varying in valence (negative or positive) and intensity\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>One of the channels of emotion. It refers to a psychological feeling varying in valence (negative or positive) and intensity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affective mode hypothesis\" data-back=\"Neural networks that determine valence are not constant, but change with the physiological state of the body as in alliesthesia\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affective mode hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Neural networks that determine valence are not constant, but change with the physiological state of the body as in alliesthesia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affective module hypothesis\" data-back=\"Neural networks in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala determine the valence of a situation\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affective module hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Neural networks in the nucleus accumbens and amygdala determine the valence of a situation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Alliesthesia\" data-back=\"Changes in a person&#8217;s milieu interieur or body determines whether a stimulus is experienced as pleasant or unpleasant\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Alliesthesia<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Changes in a person&#8217;s milieu interieur or body determines whether a stimulus is experienced as pleasant or unpleasant<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anterior-Posterior\" data-back=\"Anterior: toward front of brain\u2014Posterior: toward back of brain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anterior-Posterior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Anterior: toward front of brain\u2014Posterior: toward back of brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Arousal\" data-back=\"Activation or energization of energy in a person that occurs in preparation to or during actual behavior or a feature of emotion\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Activation or energization of energy in a person that occurs in preparation to or during actual behavior or a feature of emotion<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Chill\" data-back=\"A physiological reaction to a music passage characterized by goose bumps, shivers, or tingles\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Chill<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A physiological reaction to a music passage characterized by goose bumps, shivers, or tingles<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cingulate cortex\" data-back=\"Region sitting above corpus callosum involved decision, emotion regulation, and regulates autonomic nervous system\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cingulate cortex<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Region sitting above corpus callosum involved decision, emotion regulation, and regulates autonomic nervous system<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive control\" data-back=\"Governs voluntary behavior, no eliciting stimulus, that enables decision making, goal planning, and inhibits impulsive behavior\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive control<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Governs voluntary behavior, no eliciting stimulus, that enables decision making, goal planning, and inhibits impulsive behavior<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Connectome\" data-back=\"Represents the brain\u2019s wiring pattern or neural networks that connect different brain regions for communication\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Connectome<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Represents the brain\u2019s wiring pattern or neural networks that connect different brain regions for communication<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Consummatory behavior\" data-back=\"From the verb to finish or complete as in finishing the motivation sequence when the person interacts with the goal, e.g., eating.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Consummatory behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>From the verb to finish or complete as in finishing the motivation sequence when the person interacts with the goal, e.g., eating.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Corpus callosum\" data-back=\"Tract of nerve fibers that connect two hemispheres of the brain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Corpus callosum<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Tract of nerve fibers that connect two hemispheres of the brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dopamine\" data-back=\"Neurotransmitter in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra to motivate learning to reduce response prediction errors\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dopamine<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Neurotransmitter in ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra to motivate learning to reduce response prediction errors<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Effort discounting\" data-back=\"Subjective value of an incentive or goal is decreased or devalued based on the amount of effort necessary to achieve them\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Effort discounting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Subjective value of an incentive or goal is decreased or devalued based on the amount of effort necessary to achieve them<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evaluative space model\" data-back=\"How events are evaluated for their positive (pleasure) or negative (pain) valence plus the intensity of the valence\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evaluative space model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How events are evaluated for their positive (pleasure) or negative (pain) valence plus the intensity of the valence<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emergence\" data-back=\"Philosophy that thought, feelings, and behavior emanate or arise from the brain, the mind emerges from the brain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emergence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Philosophy that thought, feelings, and behavior emanate or arise from the brain, the mind emerges from the brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Endogenous opioids\" data-back=\"A group of internal neurotransmitters that operate in the reward circuits of the brain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Endogenous opioids<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A group of internal neurotransmitters that operate in the reward circuits of the brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Executive control network\" data-back=\"Global network housed in the PFC that is externally oriented and cognitively controls motivated behavior\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Executive control network<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Global network housed in the PFC that is externally oriented and cognitively controls motivated behavior<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hedonism\" data-back=\"Motivation to pursue and enjoy pleasure and motivation to avoid and not experience pain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hedonism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivation to pursue and enjoy pleasure and motivation to avoid and not experience pain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Impulsive behavior\" data-back=\"Occurs when an individual tends to decide or act immediately without thinking of any consequences, immediate or delayed\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Impulsive behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Occurs when an individual tends to decide or act immediately without thinking of any consequences, immediate or delayed<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Insula\" data-back=\"Region that relies on interoception for individuals to become consciously aware of their internal feelings\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Insula<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Region that relies on interoception for individuals to become consciously aware of their internal feelings<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Interoception\" data-back=\"The perception of internal sensations or stimuli coming from inside one\u2019s body, such as hunger or anxiety\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Interoception<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The perception of internal sensations or stimuli coming from inside one\u2019s body, such as hunger or anxiety<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Liking\" data-back=\"The positive hedonic feeling that is experienced during the end-state consisting of consummatory behavior\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Liking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The positive hedonic feeling that is experienced during the end-state consisting of consummatory behavior<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Module\" data-back=\"A population of nodes densely organized into regions specializing in functions like memory, planning goals, or determining effort\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Module<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A population of nodes densely organized into regions specializing in functions like memory, planning goals, or determining effort<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Network\" data-back=\"Neural connections among nodes within a module and connections among modules. It resembles a map of towns connected by roads\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Network<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Neural connections among nodes within a module and connections among modules. It resembles a map of towns connected by roads<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Node\" data-back=\"A population of neurons within a brain region that clump together and are integrated into a network\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Node<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A population of neurons within a brain region that clump together and are integrated into a network<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Nucleus accumbens\" data-back=\"Region in midbrain that learns association between behavior and subsequent rewards, selects responses that best predict rewards\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Nucleus accumbens<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Region in midbrain that learns association between behavior and subsequent rewards, selects responses that best predict rewards<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Prefrontal cortex (PFC)\" data-back=\"Front part of cortex consisting of several regions that are involved with the cognitive control of motivation\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Prefrontal cortex (PFC)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Front part of cortex consisting of several regions that are involved with the cognitive control of motivation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Primrose path to addiction\" data-back=\"Psychoactive drugs make individuals feel better, then feel worse (withdrawal), take the drug again to feel better, becoming addicted.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Primrose path to addiction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychoactive drugs make individuals feel better, then feel worse (withdrawal), take the drug again to feel better, becoming addicted.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychoactive drugs\" data-back=\"Any chemical substance that alters a person&#8217;s mood and behavior because of the drug&#8217;s effect\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychoactive drugs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Any chemical substance that alters a person&#8217;s mood and behavior because of the drug&#8217;s effect<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychophysical parallelism\" data-back=\"Concept that mind (psycho) and brain (physical) are parallel systems. Whatever happens in one, happens as a parallel in other\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychophysical parallelism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Concept that mind (psycho) and brain (physical) are parallel systems. Whatever happens in one, happens as a parallel in other<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reductionism\" data-back=\"Psychological experiences and behavior are reducible to more basic elements that make up the physical brain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reductionism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychological experiences and behavior are reducible to more basic elements that make up the physical brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reward prediction error\" data-back=\"When brain\u2019s predicted response for a reward does not match the actual reward or outcome\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reward prediction error<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When brain\u2019s predicted response for a reward does not match the actual reward or outcome<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Selection by consequences\" data-back=\"Behaviors are selected or more likely to occur by the consequences of those behaviors\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Selection by consequences<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviors are selected or more likely to occur by the consequences of those behaviors<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Similar brain, similar personality hypothesis\" data-back=\"Individuals with similar personality trait profiles will have similar brain connectivity patterns (connectomes) in the brain\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Similar brain, similar personality hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Individuals with similar personality trait profiles will have similar brain connectivity patterns (connectomes) in the brain<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Striatum\" data-back=\"Brain region that determines effort needed to attain a reward, evaluates reward value, and selects the best behavior for reward\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Striatum<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Brain region that determines effort needed to attain a reward, evaluates reward value, and selects the best behavior for reward<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Transduction\" data-back=\"Conversion of the stimulation of the senses and internal organs into electrical neural impulses carried by the neurons\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Transduction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Conversion of the stimulation of the senses and internal organs into electrical neural impulses carried by the neurons<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Vagus nerve\" data-back=\"It transmits information about physiological (viscera) arousal of the body region of the cortex including the insula\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Vagus nerve<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It transmits information about physiological (viscera) arousal of the body region of the cortex including the insula<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Valence\" data-back=\"Dimension of a stimulus or experience along a negative (unpleasant) to positive (pleasant) dimension\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Valence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Dimension of a stimulus or experience along a negative (unpleasant) to positive (pleasant) dimension<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Ventral tegmental area (VTA)\" data-back=\"A region located in the midbrain that is a source of dopamine.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Ventral tegmental area (VTA)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A region located in the midbrain that is a source of dopamine.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Viscera\" data-back=\"The internal physiology of the body like the heart, intestines, liver, lungs, and stomach\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Viscera<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The internal physiology of the body like the heart, intestines, liver, lungs, and stomach<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Wanting\" data-back=\"Another term for motivation that refers to the desire, drive, motive, need, or wish to reach a particular end-state\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Wanting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Another term for motivation that refers to the desire, drive, motive, need, or wish to reach a particular end-state<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_3b4d60e93d21f65479157a18024bb084');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-4\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-4\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Adipose\" data-back=\"Fat cells in the body where fat from food is stored.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Adipose<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Fat cells in the body where fat from food is stored.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Alliesthesia\" data-back=\"Changes in a person\u2019s milieu interieur or body that determines whether a stimulus is experienced as pleasant or unpleasant.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Alliesthesia<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Changes in a person\u2019s milieu interieur or body that determines whether a stimulus is experienced as pleasant or unpleasant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Allostasis\" data-back=\"Allo means variable. It is a way of maintaining internal stability by making changes in set points to cope with anticipated environmental demands that can disrupt homeostasis.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Allostasis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Allo means variable. It is a way of maintaining internal stability by making changes in set points to cope with anticipated environmental demands that can disrupt homeostasis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anorexia Nervosa\" data-back=\"Diagnosis of a person unwilling to maintain at least 85% of normal body weight; strong fear of becoming fat, gaining weight even when emaciated.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anorexia Nervosa<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Diagnosis of a person unwilling to maintain at least 85% of normal body weight; strong fear of becoming fat, gaining weight even when emaciated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Autophagy\" data-back=\"The body&#8217;s survival mechanism during prolonged food deprivation in which cellular components are broken down to provide energy while appetite is suppressed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Autophagy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The body&#8217;s survival mechanism during prolonged food deprivation in which cellular components are broken down to provide energy while appetite is suppressed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"BMI or Body Mass Index\" data-back=\"A measure of a person\u2019s size based on her or his weight divided by height. BMI = weight (kilograms)\/ height (meters)\u00b2.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>BMI or Body Mass Index<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A measure of a person\u2019s size based on her or his weight divided by height. BMI = weight (kilograms)\/ height (meters)\u00b2.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Boundary Model\" data-back=\"A dimension that shows when eating begins (hunger) and when eating stops (satiety).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Boundary Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A dimension that shows when eating begins (hunger) and when eating stops (satiety).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Carrying Cost\" data-back=\"The amount of energy that is required to carry one\u2019s weight; heavier people have greater carrying costs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Carrying Cost<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The amount of energy that is required to carry one\u2019s weight; heavier people have greater carrying costs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cephalic Response\" data-back=\"A physiological reaction to the smell and taste of food. It consists of secreting saliva, gastric juices, and insulin from the pancreas.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cephalic Response<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A physiological reaction to the smell and taste of food. It consists of secreting saliva, gastric juices, and insulin from the pancreas.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cholecystokinin (CCK)\" data-back=\"A hormone released in the upper part of the small intestine after food intake and is related to the inhibition of further eating.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cholecystokinin (CCK)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A hormone released in the upper part of the small intestine after food intake and is related to the inhibition of further eating.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Conditioned Food Preference\" data-back=\"Associating a sweetener (unconditioned stimulus) with a vegetable (conditioned stimulus) to enhance the preference for the vegetable from its association with sweetener.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Conditioned Food Preference<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Associating a sweetener (unconditioned stimulus) with a vegetable (conditioned stimulus) to enhance the preference for the vegetable from its association with sweetener.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Consumption Stereotypes\" data-back=\"Judgments and beliefs about a person&#8217;s characteristics based on the type or amount of food they eat, which can drive eating cessation behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Consumption Stereotypes<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Judgments and beliefs about a person&#8217;s characteristics based on the type or amount of food they eat, which can drive eating cessation behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dehydrated\" data-back=\"The result of a procedure that is designed to make a person lose water, such as exercise, being in a hot place, or eating salted nuts.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dehydrated<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The result of a procedure that is designed to make a person lose water, such as exercise, being in a hot place, or eating salted nuts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Delboeuf Illusion\" data-back=\"The size of an outer circle influences the perceived size of a solid inner circle. When the outer circle is small, compared to large, the solid inner circle is perceived as larger.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Delboeuf Illusion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The size of an outer circle influences the perceived size of a solid inner circle. When the outer circle is small, compared to large, the solid inner circle is perceived as larger.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Diet Boundary\" data-back=\"Cognitively imposed boundaries of when to eat and when to stop eating; cognitive boundaries associated with greater hunger and stop short of satiety.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Diet Boundary<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Cognitively imposed boundaries of when to eat and when to stop eating; cognitive boundaries associated with greater hunger and stop short of satiety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dietary Restraint Theory\" data-back=\"The idea that dieters use cognitive control to override their physiological hunger and satiety cues to regulate their food intake.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dietary Restraint Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The idea that dieters use cognitive control to override their physiological hunger and satiety cues to regulate their food intake.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dual Intervention Point Model\" data-back=\"Body weight settles between a lower and upper boundary. The lower boundary represents one\u2019s minimum weight. The upper represents one\u2019s maximum weight for agile movement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dual Intervention Point Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Body weight settles between a lower and upper boundary. The lower boundary represents one\u2019s minimum weight. The upper represents one\u2019s maximum weight for agile movement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Energy Homeostasis\" data-back=\"The attempt to maintain a balance between energy intake from food and various forms of energy expenditure (rest to exercise).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Energy Homeostasis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The attempt to maintain a balance between energy intake from food and various forms of energy expenditure (rest to exercise).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Ghrelin\" data-back=\"A hormone released by the stomach that stimulates hunger, eating, and mental images of food.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Ghrelin<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A hormone released by the stomach that stimulates hunger, eating, and mental images of food.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hedonic Hunger\" data-back=\"Eating driven by pleasure or to cope with negative emotions rather than by a physiological need for energy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hedonic Hunger<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Eating driven by pleasure or to cope with negative emotions rather than by a physiological need for energy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Homeostasis\" data-back=\"Constant stable internal environment that the body tries to maintain with various negative feedback systems.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Homeostasis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Constant stable internal environment that the body tries to maintain with various negative feedback systems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hyperglycemia\" data-back=\"An abnormally high blood glucose level that can make a person feel very sick and is a significant risk factor for diabetes.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hyperglycemia<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An abnormally high blood glucose level that can make a person feel very sick and is a significant risk factor for diabetes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hyperphagia\" data-back=\"An extreme and incessant sensation of hunger that does not subside, leading to excessive eating and obesity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hyperphagia<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An extreme and incessant sensation of hunger that does not subside, leading to excessive eating and obesity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hyperthermic\" data-back=\"When actual body temperature is above the body\u2019s set point temperature; the person feels warm.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hyperthermic<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When actual body temperature is above the body\u2019s set point temperature; the person feels warm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hypothalamus\" data-back=\"A small section of the brain that monitors the body\u2019s energy levels from signals received from various hormones: cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, and ghrelin.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hypothalamus<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A small section of the brain that monitors the body\u2019s energy levels from signals received from various hormones: cholecystokinin (CCK), leptin, and ghrelin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hypothermic\" data-back=\"When actual body temperature is below the body\u2019s set point temperature; the person feels cold.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hypothermic<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When actual body temperature is below the body\u2019s set point temperature; the person feels cold.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Interoception\" data-back=\"The process of being aware, making sense of, and interpreting the various feelings that originate within the body, such as hunger and satiety.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Interoception<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The process of being aware, making sense of, and interpreting the various feelings that originate within the body, such as hunger and satiety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Leptin\" data-back=\"A hormone released from adipose tissue that is involved in the long-term regulation of food energy located in fat cells.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Leptin<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A hormone released from adipose tissue that is involved in the long-term regulation of food energy located in fat cells.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mere Exposure Effect\" data-back=\"Being repeatedly exposed to a stimulus leads to increased preferences for that stimulus; repeatedly eating a food increases one\u2019s liking of it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mere Exposure Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Being repeatedly exposed to a stimulus leads to increased preferences for that stimulus; repeatedly eating a food increases one\u2019s liking of it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Metabolic Adaptation\" data-back=\"The reduction in resting metabolism that occurs in response to prolonged dieting and weight loss, as the body attempts to conserve energy and restore homeostasis.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Metabolic Adaptation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The reduction in resting metabolism that occurs in response to prolonged dieting and weight loss, as the body attempts to conserve energy and restore homeostasis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Milieu Interieur\" data-back=\"The interior of the body responsible for the metabolism, growth, repair, and reproduction of the body\u2019s cells.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Milieu Interieur<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The interior of the body responsible for the metabolism, growth, repair, and reproduction of the body\u2019s cells.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Feedback System\" data-back=\"The body\u2019s self-correcting process that reduces the discrepancy between a desired state (set point) and an actual state of the body.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Feedback System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The body\u2019s self-correcting process that reduces the discrepancy between a desired state (set point) and an actual state of the body.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Palatability\" data-back=\"Hedonic value of food as determined by variety, texture, temperature, aroma, and flavour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Palatability<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Hedonic value of food as determined by variety, texture, temperature, aroma, and flavour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Physiological Need\" data-back=\"A discrepancy between a bodily or physiological set point and an actual physiological state, e.g., a low amount of glucose.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Physiological Need<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A discrepancy between a bodily or physiological set point and an actual physiological state, e.g., a low amount of glucose.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Refeeding Syndrome\" data-back=\"Aversive reaction to eating following anorexia nervosa because body lost its ability to absorb and digest food; intestines intolerant of food.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Refeeding Syndrome<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Aversive reaction to eating following anorexia nervosa because body lost its ability to absorb and digest food; intestines intolerant of food.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Resting Metabolism\" data-back=\"Energy use (while a person is at rest) for body maintenance, pumping of blood, oxygen utilisation, work of the cells, and neural activity of the brain.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Resting Metabolism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Energy use (while a person is at rest) for body maintenance, pumping of blood, oxygen utilisation, work of the cells, and neural activity of the brain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Satiety\" data-back=\"A feeling that refers to having gratified hunger, feeling content, and having replenished energy stores.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Satiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A feeling that refers to having gratified hunger, feeling content, and having replenished energy stores.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sensory-Specific Satiety\" data-back=\"Habituation or decline in preference for the sensory characteristics of a particular food, such as flavour, texture, and appearance.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sensory-Specific Satiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Habituation or decline in preference for the sensory characteristics of a particular food, such as flavour, texture, and appearance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Set Point\" data-back=\"A desired state of the body that is crucial for life, comfort, and safety, e.g., a set point body temperature.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Set Point<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A desired state of the body that is crucial for life, comfort, and safety, e.g., a set point body temperature.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Taste Aversion\" data-back=\"A strong dislike (nausea reaction) for a food because of a prior association of that food with nausea or upset stomach.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Taste Aversion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A strong dislike (nausea reaction) for a food because of a prior association of that food with nausea or upset stomach.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Thermic Effect\" data-back=\"It is the energy cost for digesting, storing, and absorbing food.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Thermic Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It is the energy cost for digesting, storing, and absorbing food.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_fe66882f781e4098734d64aa0a74a278');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-5\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-5\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affective Forecasting\" data-back=\"When a person predicts his or her subjective feelings (affect) much like the weather reporter forecasts the weather.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affective Forecasting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When a person predicts his or her subjective feelings (affect) much like the weather reporter forecasts the weather.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affective Valence\" data-back=\"Whether a feeling (affect) is negative (unpleasant) or positive (pleasant); its valence.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affective Valence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Whether a feeling (affect) is negative (unpleasant) or positive (pleasant); its valence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anxiety\" data-back=\"Characterized by apprehension and somatic symptoms of tension in which an individual anticipates impending danger, catastrophe, or misfortune.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anxiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Characterized by apprehension and somatic symptoms of tension in which an individual anticipates impending danger, catastrophe, or misfortune.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Arousal\" data-back=\"The mobilization or activation of energy that occurs in preparation for or during actual behavior.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The mobilization or activation of energy that occurs in preparation for or during actual behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Arousing Function\" data-back=\"A stimulus has the ability to activate or arouse behavior or determine the intensity of behavior.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Arousing Function<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A stimulus has the ability to activate or arouse behavior or determine the intensity of behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Assimilate\" data-back=\"Cognitive process by which an incongruous event is resolved or understood when it fits into a person\u2019s schema.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Assimilate<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Cognitive process by which an incongruous event is resolved or understood when it fits into a person\u2019s schema.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Attentional Control Theory\" data-back=\"Anxiety and worry weaken a person\u2019s ability to inhibit paying attention to extraneous stimuli and responses that are irrelevant to the goal at hand.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Attentional Control Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Anxiety and worry weaken a person\u2019s ability to inhibit paying attention to extraneous stimuli and responses that are irrelevant to the goal at hand.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Autonomic Nervous System\" data-back=\"It controls physiological arousal via the sympathetic nervous system to arouse the body and parasympathetic nervous system to conserve energy during quiet periods.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Autonomic Nervous System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It controls physiological arousal via the sympathetic nervous system to arouse the body and parasympathetic nervous system to conserve energy during quiet periods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Benign Masochism\" data-back=\"Enjoying initially negative experiences that the body (brain) falsely interprets as threatening. The negative experience stops short of being harmful.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Benign Masochism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Enjoying initially negative experiences that the body (brain) falsely interprets as threatening. The negative experience stops short of being harmful.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive Anxiety\" data-back=\"Negative expectations and mental concerns or worries about performance in a competitive situation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive Anxiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Negative expectations and mental concerns or worries about performance in a competitive situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Collative Variables\" data-back=\"Stimulus characteristics of novelty, complexity, and incongruity, which can affect arousal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Collative Variables<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Stimulus characteristics of novelty, complexity, and incongruity, which can affect arousal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cue Function\" data-back=\"A stimulus can evoke a specific response.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cue Function<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A stimulus can evoke a specific response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cusp Catastrophe Model\" data-back=\"Model from sports psychology indicating that performance depends jointly on cognitive arousal and on physiological arousal (somatic anxiety).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cusp Catastrophe Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Model from sports psychology indicating that performance depends jointly on cognitive arousal and on physiological arousal (somatic anxiety).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Energetic Arousal\" data-back=\"Psychological arousal that ranges from tired, sleepy at the low end to alert and awake at the high end; positively felt arousal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Energetic Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychological arousal that ranges from tired, sleepy at the low end to alert and awake at the high end; positively felt arousal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Energize\" data-back=\"Person is aroused or activated to behave depending on a person\u2019s need, value of an available incentive, and likelihood of attaining the incentive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Energize<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Person is aroused or activated to behave depending on a person\u2019s need, value of an available incentive, and likelihood of attaining the incentive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incongruity\" data-back=\"The disparity or discrepancy between a single element in a stimulus array and other accompanying elements or previous elements.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incongruity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The disparity or discrepancy between a single element in a stimulus array and other accompanying elements or previous elements.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Inverted-U-Arousal Performance\" data-back=\"Changes in behavioral efficiency depend on degree of arousal; as arousal increases, performance increases, levels off, and then decreases.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Inverted-U-Arousal Performance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Changes in behavioral efficiency depend on degree of arousal; as arousal increases, performance increases, levels off, and then decreases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mood\" data-back=\"A temporary state of mind or feeling usually lasting longer than an emotion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mood<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A temporary state of mind or feeling usually lasting longer than an emotion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Musical Grammar Processor\" data-back=\"A primitive mechanism that can anticipate and resolve or incorporate the next musical note, which results in enjoyment. It has no memory for music.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Musical Grammar Processor<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A primitive mechanism that can anticipate and resolve or incorporate the next musical note, which results in enjoyment. It has no memory for music.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Music Performance Anxiety\" data-back=\"Similar to stage fright, it refers to physiological and psychological distress while playing music in front of an audience.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Music Performance Anxiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Similar to stage fright, it refers to physiological and psychological distress while playing music in front of an audience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Novel Stimulus\" data-back=\"A stimulus that is new or different from stimuli to which a person has become accustomed or has habituated to.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Novel Stimulus<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A stimulus that is new or different from stimuli to which a person has become accustomed or has habituated to.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Optimal Level of Stimulation Theory\" data-back=\"Theory that states positive valence is an inverted-U function of arousal: as arousal increases, valence increases, levels off, and then decreases.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Optimal Level of Stimulation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Theory that states positive valence is an inverted-U function of arousal: as arousal increases, valence increases, levels off, and then decreases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Prediction Error\" data-back=\"A discrepancy between what a person expects to occur and what actually occurs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Prediction Error<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A discrepancy between what a person expects to occur and what actually occurs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Processing Efficiency Theory\" data-back=\"Performance on a cognitive task depends on working memory. Efficiency declines when worry takes up the working memory space that is needed to perform the task.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Processing Efficiency Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Performance on a cognitive task depends on working memory. Efficiency declines when worry takes up the working memory space that is needed to perform the task.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Processing Fluency\" data-back=\"The ease with which a person can recognize, identify, and respond to novel stimuli. Enjoyment of stimuli, like music, increases with ease of processing of the stimuli.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Processing Fluency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The ease with which a person can recognize, identify, and respond to novel stimuli. Enjoyment of stimuli, like music, increases with ease of processing of the stimuli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Arousal\" data-back=\"Person\u2019s subjective feeling of being aroused, which can vary from feeling excited or feeling anxious.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Person\u2019s subjective feeling of being aroused, which can vary from feeling excited or feeling anxious.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Distance\" data-back=\"The subjective impression of the nearness or farness of an event, such as time, physical distance, or social distance as in friend versus stranger.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Distance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The subjective impression of the nearness or farness of an event, such as time, physical distance, or social distance as in friend versus stranger.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Quiet Eye\" data-back=\"Person\u2019s aim on the target immediately prior to executing the response, such as aim prior to basketball shot. The quiet eye indicates the focus of attention.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Quiet Eye<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Person\u2019s aim on the target immediately prior to executing the response, such as aim prior to basketball shot. The quiet eye indicates the focus of attention.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Schema\" data-back=\"Mental representations of environmental regularities from the abstract to the specific, such as plans, scripts, recipes, maps, or concepts.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Schema<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Mental representations of environmental regularities from the abstract to the specific, such as plans, scripts, recipes, maps, or concepts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Somatic (body) Anxiety\" data-back=\"Self-perception of physiological arousal that is associated with nervousness and tension.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Somatic (body) Anxiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Self-perception of physiological arousal that is associated with nervousness and tension.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social Facilitation Theory\" data-back=\"The presence of others during a task can either enhance performance on simple tasks (social facilitation) or hinder it on complex tasks (social inhibition).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social Facilitation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The presence of others during a task can either enhance performance on simple tasks (social facilitation) or hinder it on complex tasks (social inhibition).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"State Anxiety\" data-back=\"Actual feelings of apprehension, worry, and sympathetic nervous system arousal that is evoked by a threatening situation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>State Anxiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Actual feelings of apprehension, worry, and sympathetic nervous system arousal that is evoked by a threatening situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tense Arousal\" data-back=\"Psychological arousal that ranges from calm, still at the low end to tension, anxiety at the high end; negatively felt arousal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tense Arousal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychological arousal that ranges from calm, still at the low end to tension, anxiety at the high end; negatively felt arousal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tonic Immobility\" data-back=\"Behavioral paralysis in times of extreme stress or danger; characterized by frozen posture and unresponsiveness to pain; feigning death.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tonic Immobility<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behavioral paralysis in times of extreme stress or danger; characterized by frozen posture and unresponsiveness to pain; feigning death.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tragedy Paradox\" data-back=\"The contradiction (paradox) of enjoying sad feelings evoked by music, which implies that people enjoy pain.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tragedy Paradox<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The contradiction (paradox) of enjoying sad feelings evoked by music, which implies that people enjoy pain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Trait Anxiety\" data-back=\"An individual difference variable of the disposition or tendency to perceive events as threatening and to respond anxiously.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Trait Anxiety<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual difference variable of the disposition or tendency to perceive events as threatening and to respond anxiously.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Yerkes-Dodson Law\" data-back=\"Behavioral efficiency depends on arousal and task complexity; low arousal is best for complex tasks but high arousal works best for easy tasks.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Yerkes-Dodson Law<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behavioral efficiency depends on arousal and task complexity; low arousal is best for complex tasks but high arousal works best for easy tasks.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Zajonc\u2019s Drive Theory\" data-back=\"The presence of others unconsciously increases our arousal, thereby heightening our automatic or typical reaction.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Zajonc\u2019s Drive Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The presence of others unconsciously increases our arousal, thereby heightening our automatic or typical reaction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_b658d7c036939ce6a6d28daeb6cebfec');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-6\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-6\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 7<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Acquired Needs Theory\" data-back=\"A theory stating that while some psychological needs are innate, others such as achievement, power, and affiliation are shaped by one&#8217;s culture and life experiences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Acquired Needs Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A theory stating that while some psychological needs are innate, others such as achievement, power, and affiliation are shaped by one&#8217;s culture and life experiences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Amotivation\" data-back=\"A state characterized by a total lack of motivation and intention to engage in a behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Amotivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A state characterized by a total lack of motivation and intention to engage in a behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Belongingness Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Motive for people to form long-lasting, positive, meaningful interpersonal relationships with others.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Belongingness Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motive for people to form long-lasting, positive, meaningful interpersonal relationships with others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Better-Than-Average Effect\" data-back=\"The tendency to underestimate your deficiencies to protect your self-esteem and to overestimate your strengths to enhance your self-esteem.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Better-Than-Average Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The tendency to underestimate your deficiencies to protect your self-esteem and to overestimate your strengths to enhance your self-esteem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Contingencies of Self-Worth\" data-back=\"Specific domains in people\u2019s lives that they consider important for their self-esteem.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Contingencies of Self-Worth<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Specific domains in people\u2019s lives that they consider important for their self-esteem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Counterfactual Thinking\" data-back=\"Thought process in which a person considers alternatives to the current situation; what is your life like if some other event had occurred?\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Counterfactual Thinking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Thought process in which a person considers alternatives to the current situation; what is your life like if some other event had occurred?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Drive\" data-back=\"Drive emerges from a physiological (bodily) need as a result of being deprived of a required substance. Drive pushes or motivates behaviour to reduce the drive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Drive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Drive emerges from a physiological (bodily) need as a result of being deprived of a required substance. Drive pushes or motivates behaviour to reduce the drive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Explicit Motive\" data-back=\"It resembles the value a person places on a stimulus or activity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Explicit Motive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It resembles the value a person places on a stimulus or activity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking\" data-back=\"A theory stating that mentally imagined alternative outcomes to past events serves to regulate behaviour and improve future performance by connecting imagined alternatives to goal-directed action.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Functional Theory of Counterfactual Thinking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A theory stating that mentally imagined alternative outcomes to past events serves to regulate behaviour and improve future performance by connecting imagined alternatives to goal-directed action.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hierarchy of Needs\" data-back=\"Maslow\u2019s theory regarding differences in the potency of motives from most to least: physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hierarchy of Needs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Maslow\u2019s theory regarding differences in the potency of motives from most to least: physiological, safety, belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Implicit Motive\" data-back=\"The capacity of a person to experience pleasure when the individual interacts with a need-relevant incentive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Implicit Motive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The capacity of a person to experience pleasure when the individual interacts with a need-relevant incentive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Internal Motivation\" data-back=\"The disposition to initiate an activity because it is inherently interesting or satisfying, arising from within the individual rather than from external pressures or rewards.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Internal Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The disposition to initiate an activity because it is inherently interesting or satisfying, arising from within the individual rather than from external pressures or rewards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intrinsic Motivation\" data-back=\"Internally motivated behaviour; motivation is inherent in the behaviour itself, not motivated from outside.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intrinsic Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Internally motivated behaviour; motivation is inherent in the behaviour itself, not motivated from outside.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs\" data-back=\"Theory that postulates a hierarchical order of needs from physiology, safety, belongingness, esteem, to self-actualization. Needs are satisfied in that order.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Maslow\u2019s Hierarchy of Needs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Theory that postulates a hierarchical order of needs from physiology, safety, belongingness, esteem, to self-actualization. Needs are satisfied in that order.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Meaning-Making Model\" data-back=\"Hypothesis that people are motivated to restore meaning or to make sense of events following personal tragedies or catastrophic events.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Meaning-Making Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Hypothesis that people are motivated to restore meaning or to make sense of events following personal tragedies or catastrophic events.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motive to Achieve Success\" data-back=\"Identical to need to achieve. It is the disposition to engage in task-oriented behaviour or achievement behaviour to surpass a high standard of excellence.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motive to Achieve Success<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Identical to need to achieve. It is the disposition to engage in task-oriented behaviour or achievement behaviour to surpass a high standard of excellence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motive to Avoid Failure\" data-back=\"Opposite of the need to achieve, it is the disposition to experience fear or anxiety about failing an achievement task.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motive to Avoid Failure<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Opposite of the need to achieve, it is the disposition to experience fear or anxiety about failing an achievement task.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need Frustration\" data-back=\"Failure to address or fulfil a psychological need, leading to negative affect and psychological distress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need Frustration<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Failure to address or fulfil a psychological need, leading to negative affect and psychological distress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need Satisfaction\" data-back=\"Condition in which a psychological need is fulfilled, resulting in enhanced well-being, positive affect, and optimal functioning.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need Satisfaction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Condition in which a psychological need is fulfilled, resulting in enhanced well-being, positive affect, and optimal functioning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need Thwarting\" data-back=\"Active undermining of a psychological need by an external social environment through controlling behaviour, discrimination, or lack of support.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need Thwarting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Active undermining of a psychological need by an external social environment through controlling behaviour, discrimination, or lack of support.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need to Affiliate\/Belong\" data-back=\"To seek others who care about you in order to experience feelings of affiliation, belonging, and intimacy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need to Affiliate\/Belong<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>To seek others who care about you in order to experience feelings of affiliation, belonging, and intimacy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need for Autonomy\" data-back=\"Motive to freely choose your own goals and means to accomplish them; need to feel that people are the cause of their own actions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need for Autonomy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motive to freely choose your own goals and means to accomplish them; need to feel that people are the cause of their own actions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need for Closure\" data-back=\"Motive to desire a firm answer to a question or puzzle and a dislike of ambiguity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need for Closure<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motive to desire a firm answer to a question or puzzle and a dislike of ambiguity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need for Cognition\" data-back=\"Motive or desire to understand one\u2019s experiences and things in the world through thinking.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need for Cognition<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motive or desire to understand one\u2019s experiences and things in the world through thinking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need for Competence\" data-back=\"Motive to feel capable and successful in dealing with one\u2019s social and physical environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need for Competence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motive to feel capable and successful in dealing with one\u2019s social and physical environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need for Meaning\" data-back=\"Motive to understand how the self relates to one\u2019s geographical, cultural, and social environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need for Meaning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motive to understand how the self relates to one\u2019s geographical, cultural, and social environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need for Power\" data-back=\"Power motive is the wish to influence the lives of other individuals, to be in command, to have high status, and to be noticed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need for Power<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Power motive is the wish to influence the lives of other individuals, to be in command, to have high status, and to be noticed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Need to Achieve\" data-back=\"Also known as the motive for success; a disposition to engage in task-oriented behaviour or achievement behaviour to surpass a high standard of excellence.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Need to Achieve<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Also known as the motive for success; a disposition to engage in task-oriented behaviour or achievement behaviour to surpass a high standard of excellence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Operational Definition\" data-back=\"The procedure used to measure or create the existence of a psychological construct, e.g., Need for Cognition Scale measures (defines) need for cognition.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Operational Definition<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The procedure used to measure or create the existence of a psychological construct, e.g., Need for Cognition Scale measures (defines) need for cognition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Overclaiming\" data-back=\"Overstate one\u2019s accuracy and knowledge of things that are important to an individual\u2019s self-esteem thus enhancing it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Overclaiming<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Overstate one\u2019s accuracy and knowledge of things that are important to an individual\u2019s self-esteem thus enhancing it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Physiological Need\" data-back=\"It refers to a specifiable deviation from a set point of homeostatic conditions that are detrimental to the person\u2019s physical well-being, e.g., need for iron or glucose.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Physiological Need<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It refers to a specifiable deviation from a set point of homeostatic conditions that are detrimental to the person\u2019s physical well-being, e.g., need for iron or glucose.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Power Motive\" data-back=\"The wish to influence the lives of others, to be in command, to have high status, and to be noticed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Power Motive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The wish to influence the lives of others, to be in command, to have high status, and to be noticed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Projective Test\" data-back=\"An unstructured stimulus (inkblot) that a person describes in terms of personal meaning that is consistent with any activated motives or needs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Projective Test<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An unstructured stimulus (inkblot) that a person describes in terms of personal meaning that is consistent with any activated motives or needs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Needs\" data-back=\"An internal motive defined as the discrepancy between a person\u2019s set point and some incentive or activity. It motivates a person to reduce this discrepancy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Needs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An internal motive defined as the discrepancy between a person\u2019s set point and some incentive or activity. It motivates a person to reduce this discrepancy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Recovery Sleep\" data-back=\"How long a person sleeps following sleep deprivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Recovery Sleep<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How long a person sleeps following sleep deprivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Redintegration\" data-back=\"Process whereby an environmental stimulus activates a psychological need.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Redintegration<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Process whereby an environmental stimulus activates a psychological need.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Actualization\" data-back=\"Motivation to realise one&#8217;s full potential through creative expression, intellectual growth, and deepening relationships, emerging only after lower-order needs are sufficiently met.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Actualization<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivation to realise one&#8217;s full potential through creative expression, intellectual growth, and deepening relationships, emerging only after lower-order needs are sufficiently met.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Determination Theory\" data-back=\"Motivation stems from within individuals; they are the source, cause, or origin of their own freely chosen behaviour; motivation is not external.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Determination Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivation stems from within individuals; they are the source, cause, or origin of their own freely chosen behaviour; motivation is not external.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Esteem\" data-back=\"Emotional outcome of a self-evaluation as in I evaluate me, which is based on the number of your successes in domains that are important to you.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Esteem<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Emotional outcome of a self-evaluation as in I evaluate me, which is based on the number of your successes in domains that are important to you.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Transcendence\" data-back=\"Motivation to move beyond personal fulfilment toward serving others and committing to goals and purposes outside the self.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Transcendence<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivation to move beyond personal fulfilment toward serving others and committing to goals and purposes outside the self.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sleep Latency\" data-back=\"Refers to how soon a person falls asleep.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sleep Latency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Refers to how soon a person falls asleep.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Socially Desirable Responding\" data-back=\"It refers to acting in a manner that is personally satisfying and thus verifying a person\u2019s good reputation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Socially Desirable Responding<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It refers to acting in a manner that is personally satisfying and thus verifying a person\u2019s good reputation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"State, Need\" data-back=\"As a state, need refers to a temporary deficit or discrepancy between the current versus the desired level of some incentive, activity, or experience.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>State, Need<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>As a state, need refers to a temporary deficit or discrepancy between the current versus the desired level of some incentive, activity, or experience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"TAT, Thematic Apperception Test\" data-back=\"Pictures of people in ambiguous settings linked to psychological needs. In telling a story about the picture, people reveal their dominant psychological needs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>TAT, Thematic Apperception Test<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Pictures of people in ambiguous settings linked to psychological needs. In telling a story about the picture, people reveal their dominant psychological needs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Trait, Need as a\" data-back=\"As a trait, psychological needs refer to long-term, consistent requirements for an incentive or activity for a person to function best.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Trait, Need as a<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>As a trait, psychological needs refer to long-term, consistent requirements for an incentive or activity for a person to function best.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Two-Process Model of Psychological Needs\" data-back=\"Motivates behaviour because the behaviour (1) satisfies the need. But also, because the behaviour also (2) provides pleasant psychological experiences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Two-Process Model of Psychological Needs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Motivates behaviour because the behaviour (1) satisfies the need. But also, because the behaviour also (2) provides pleasant psychological experiences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_e8fde5e38a95ff803c69ffad67d8f0d4');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-7\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-7\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 8<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Autonomy Orientation\" data-back=\"Oriented toward events in the environment (e.g., optimal challenges, informational feedback) that support autonomy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Autonomy Orientation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Oriented toward events in the environment (e.g., optimal challenges, informational feedback) that support autonomy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Causality Orientation Theory\" data-back=\"Interprets the cause of behaviour as stemming from the self, others, or external events and suggests a general pattern from three different causality orientations: (1) autonomy orientation, (2) control orientation, and (3) impersonal orientation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Causality Orientation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Interprets the cause of behaviour as stemming from the self, others, or external events and suggests a general pattern from three different causality orientations: (1) autonomy orientation, (2) control orientation, and (3) impersonal orientation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cognitive Evaluation Theory\" data-back=\"Extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic interests.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cognitive Evaluation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Extrinsic rewards undermine intrinsic interests.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cold State\" data-back=\"Occurs when a person is satiated.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cold State<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Occurs when a person is satiated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Common Currency\" data-back=\"A shared dimension on which decisions are based.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Common Currency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A shared dimension on which decisions are based.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Completion-Contingent Relationships\" data-back=\"Require that incentives be given only for successful task completion.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Completion-Contingent Relationships<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Require that incentives be given only for successful task completion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Control Orientation\" data-back=\"Oriented toward being controlled by external events (e.g., rewards, deadlines, punishments).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Control Orientation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Oriented toward being controlled by external events (e.g., rewards, deadlines, punishments).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Crowding-Out Effect\" data-back=\"When incentives are introduced, they can take over and crowd out self-driven behaviour if they are perceived as controlling.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Crowding-Out Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When incentives are introduced, they can take over and crowd out self-driven behaviour if they are perceived as controlling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Curiosity\" data-back=\"The exploration and acquisition of information for pleasure, the resolve to fill information gaps, and the seeking of answers to avoid unpleasant feelings of not knowing.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Curiosity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The exploration and acquisition of information for pleasure, the resolve to fill information gaps, and the seeking of answers to avoid unpleasant feelings of not knowing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Delay Discounting\" data-back=\"A future incentive is represented in the present at a marked-down value. The degree of discounting increases with the length of the delay interval.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Delay Discounting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A future incentive is represented in the present at a marked-down value. The degree of discounting increases with the length of the delay interval.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emerging Individual Interest\" data-back=\"Predisposition to seek out repeated interaction with the object of interest.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emerging Individual Interest<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Predisposition to seek out repeated interaction with the object of interest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Engagement-Contingent Relationships\" data-back=\"When incentives are provided regardless of the quantity of performance.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Engagement-Contingent Relationships<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When incentives are provided regardless of the quantity of performance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Expectancy\" data-back=\"The likelihood that the incentive will occur.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Expectancy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The likelihood that the incentive will occur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Extrinsic Motivation\" data-back=\"Behaviour that originates from external sources.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Extrinsic Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviour that originates from external sources.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Fechner\u2019s Law\" data-back=\"Equal increases in stimulus intensity result in progressively smaller increases in sensation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Fechner\u2019s Law<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Equal increases in stimulus intensity result in progressively smaller increases in sensation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Functional Autonomy of Motives\" data-back=\"Occurs when individuals incorporate intrinsic motivation into their choices and when people add or attend to the immediate benefits their actions produce.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Functional Autonomy of Motives<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Occurs when individuals incorporate intrinsic motivation into their choices and when people add or attend to the immediate benefits their actions produce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hot-Cold Empathy Gap\" data-back=\"Failing to recognise the temporary nature of hot and cold states when making decisions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hot-Cold Empathy Gap<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Failing to recognise the temporary nature of hot and cold states when making decisions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hot State\" data-back=\"Occurs when a person is deprived.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hot State<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Occurs when a person is deprived.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"IKEA Effect\" data-back=\"A cognitive bias where people disproportionately value products they partially or wholly created themselves.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>IKEA Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A cognitive bias where people disproportionately value products they partially or wholly created themselves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Impersonal Orientation\" data-back=\"Interpret actions as beyond their intentional control.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Impersonal Orientation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Interpret actions as beyond their intentional control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incentives\" data-back=\"Things that pull us towards what make us feel good and away from what make us feel bad.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incentives<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Things that pull us towards what make us feel good and away from what make us feel bad.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incentive Amounts\" data-back=\"How large or small an incentive is.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incentive Amounts<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How large or small an incentive is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incentive Contrast\" data-back=\"A change in the psychological value of an incentive based on the value of prior similar incentives.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incentive Contrast<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A change in the psychological value of an incentive based on the value of prior similar incentives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incentive Delay Interval\" data-back=\"The time between the current behaviour and the availability of the future incentive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incentive Delay Interval<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The time between the current behaviour and the availability of the future incentive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Instrumentality\" data-back=\"The perception that a particular behaviour or action will lead to a desired outcome.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Instrumentality<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The perception that a particular behaviour or action will lead to a desired outcome.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Interest Theory\" data-back=\"When genuinely interested in something, no external incentives or rewards are needed to motivate behaviour because the behaviour is already associated with positive affect, knowledge, and high value.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Interest Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When genuinely interested in something, no external incentives or rewards are needed to motivate behaviour because the behaviour is already associated with positive affect, knowledge, and high value.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intrinsic Motivation\" data-back=\"Behaviour freely chosen by the individual due to genuine interest not outside gain.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intrinsic Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviour freely chosen by the individual due to genuine interest not outside gain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Law of Hedonic Contrast\" data-back=\"A psychological principle stating that the pleasure or displeasure derived from an experience is intensified or diminished by comparison with a previous or surrounding reference point.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Law of Hedonic Contrast<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychological principle stating that the pleasure or displeasure derived from an experience is intensified or diminished by comparison with a previous or surrounding reference point.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Learned Industriousness\" data-back=\"An individual learns to associate repeated effort with eventual rewards; the process of exertion itself can become a reinforcer.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Learned Industriousness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual learns to associate repeated effort with eventual rewards; the process of exertion itself can become a reinforcer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Loss Aversion\" data-back=\"Avoiding the unpleasantness of a loss because a gain is much more preferred.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Loss Aversion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Avoiding the unpleasantness of a loss because a gain is much more preferred.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"&#8216;Losses loom larger than gains&#8217; Effect\" data-back=\"The greater psychological intensity of an incentive loss than a gain.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>&#8216;Losses loom larger than gains&#8217; Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The greater psychological intensity of an incentive loss than a gain.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Maintained Situational Interest\" data-back=\"A deeper, more committed form of situational interest whereby individuals cultivate meaningful self-connections.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Maintained Situational Interest<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A deeper, more committed form of situational interest whereby individuals cultivate meaningful self-connections.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Means-End Fusion Model\" data-back=\"The degree of our intrinsic motivation depends on how closely the behaviour and its outcome co-occur.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Means-End Fusion Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The degree of our intrinsic motivation depends on how closely the behaviour and its outcome co-occur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivational Orientation\" data-back=\"Directed toward either an environmental extrinsic or intrinsic source of motivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivational Orientation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Directed toward either an environmental extrinsic or intrinsic source of motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivation Transformation Model\" data-back=\"Extrinsic rewards can initiate a positive feedback loop of internally rewarding processes, thereby increasing one\u2019s intrinsic motivation and supporting the concept of the functional autonomy of motives.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivation Transformation Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Extrinsic rewards can initiate a positive feedback loop of internally rewarding processes, thereby increasing one\u2019s intrinsic motivation and supporting the concept of the functional autonomy of motives.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Incentive Contrast\" data-back=\"A downward shift in the quantity or quality of incentives. This downward shift results in behaviour that is below its prior level.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Incentive Contrast<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A downward shift in the quantity or quality of incentives. This downward shift results in behaviour that is below its prior level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Objective Incentive Value\" data-back=\"The attractiveness of an incentive, based on actual properties, such as the number or amount of the incentive.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Objective Incentive Value<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The attractiveness of an incentive, based on actual properties, such as the number or amount of the incentive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Over-Justification Effect\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s intrinsic motivation for a task depends on what is perceived to be the reason for the behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Over-Justification Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s intrinsic motivation for a task depends on what is perceived to be the reason for the behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Positive Incentive Contrast\" data-back=\"An upward shift in the quantity or quality of incentives. The upward shift increases behaviour to a level above its previous intensity or frequency.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Positive Incentive Contrast<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An upward shift in the quantity or quality of incentives. The upward shift increases behaviour to a level above its previous intensity or frequency.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Preference Reversal\" data-back=\"A change from preferring a delayed, large reward to preferring an immediate, small reward.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Preference Reversal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A change from preferring a delayed, large reward to preferring an immediate, small reward.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Procrastination\" data-back=\"Voluntarily deciding to delay an intended course of action despite knowing they will be worse off for doing so.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Procrastination<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Voluntarily deciding to delay an intended course of action despite knowing they will be worse off for doing so.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Prospect Theory\" data-back=\"The theory views positive and negative incentives as gains and losses from a neutral reference point and it recognises that losses are felt more intensely than gains.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Prospect Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The theory views positive and negative incentives as gains and losses from a neutral reference point and it recognises that losses are felt more intensely than gains.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Punishers\" data-back=\"Things we don\u2019t like or want to avoid.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Punishers<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Things we don\u2019t like or want to avoid.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reference Pricing\" data-back=\"A shopper compares or contrasts the sale price with a former higher price, prices at other stores or suggested retail price.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reference Pricing<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A shopper compares or contrasts the sale price with a former higher price, prices at other stores or suggested retail price.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Subjective Incentive Value\" data-back=\"An individual\u2019s appraisal of the objective\u2019s value.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Subjective Incentive Value<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual\u2019s appraisal of the objective\u2019s value.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Substitution Effect\" data-back=\"An economic principle stating that an increase in the price of one good increases demand for another.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Substitution Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An economic principle stating that an increase in the price of one good increases demand for another.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Temporal Motivation Theory\" data-back=\"Posits that incentives are perceived as future-oriented.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Temporal Motivation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Posits that incentives are perceived as future-oriented.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Triggered Situational Interest\" data-back=\"Interest is sparked by environmental factors or features of the object or task.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Triggered Situational Interest<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Interest is sparked by environmental factors or features of the object or task.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Utility\" data-back=\"The usefulness of a positive incentive in motivating approach behaviour and a negative incentive in motivating avoidance behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Utility<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The usefulness of a positive incentive in motivating approach behaviour and a negative incentive in motivating avoidance behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Utils\" data-back=\"A measure of utility.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Utils<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A measure of utility.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Value Function Curve\" data-back=\"An S-shaped, asymmetrical graph representing how people perceive gains and losses relative to a reference point. The curve declines steeply for losses and rises moderately for gains.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Value Function Curve<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An S-shaped, asymmetrical graph representing how people perceive gains and losses relative to a reference point. The curve declines steeply for losses and rises moderately for gains.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_67b704d5dacc9391ca898cc68d5fdf68');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-8\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-8\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 9<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Action Crisis\" data-back=\"When a person experiences conflict between doubts about continuing toward the goal versus setbacks, procrastinating, and pondering disengaging from the goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Action Crisis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When a person experiences conflict between doubts about continuing toward the goal versus setbacks, procrastinating, and pondering disengaging from the goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Approach Goals\" data-back=\"Positive, forward-looking goals aimed at achieving a desired outcome.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Approach Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Positive, forward-looking goals aimed at achieving a desired outcome.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Approach-Avoidance Perspective\" data-back=\"Posits that negative emotions promote avoidance motivation because they signal potential threat, while positive emotions prepare us to approach, engage with, and explore our environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Approach-Avoidance Perspective<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Posits that negative emotions promote avoidance motivation because they signal potential threat, while positive emotions prepare us to approach, engage with, and explore our environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Avoidance Goals\" data-back=\"Goals that guide us to stay clear of things or situations that elicit feelings of embarrassment or negative judgment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Avoidance Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals that guide us to stay clear of things or situations that elicit feelings of embarrassment or negative judgment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Backward Planning\" data-back=\"Activities are listed in reverse chronological order, starting with the activity to be done last before the exam.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Backward Planning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Activities are listed in reverse chronological order, starting with the activity to be done last before the exam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Controlled Goals\" data-back=\"Goals imposed by external pressure or obligation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Controlled Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals imposed by external pressure or obligation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Effort Discounting\" data-back=\"The subjective value of an incentive or goal is decreased or devalued based on the amount of effort necessary to obtain or achieve them.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Effort Discounting<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The subjective value of an incentive or goal is decreased or devalued based on the amount of effort necessary to obtain or achieve them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Effort-Discounted Value\" data-back=\"The selection of a goal based on its value combined with the effort required to achieve it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Effort-Discounted Value<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The selection of a goal based on its value combined with the effort required to achieve it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Expected Utility Theory\" data-back=\"The utility of a goal is multiplied by its subjective probability of being achieved.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Expected Utility Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The utility of a goal is multiplied by its subjective probability of being achieved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Expectancy-Value-Cost Model\" data-back=\"A model of motivation in which cost interacts with both expectancy and value to determine when someone is optimally motivated.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Expectancy-Value-Cost Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A model of motivation in which cost interacts with both expectancy and value to determine when someone is optimally motivated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Expectancy Value Theory\" data-back=\"Expectancy is an individual&#8217;s belief that they can achieve a specific goal, while value is the worth or attractiveness of that goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Expectancy Value Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Expectancy is an individual&#8217;s belief that they can achieve a specific goal, while value is the worth or attractiveness of that goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal\" data-back=\"The cognitive representation of an end-state that a person selects, commits to, and attempts to achieve.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The cognitive representation of an end-state that a person selects, commits to, and attempts to achieve.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Commitment\" data-back=\"The process by which a person becomes set to achieve a goal; a volitional psychological bond that arises when one assumes responsibility and dedicates oneself to a goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Commitment<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The process by which a person becomes set to achieve a goal; a volitional psychological bond that arises when one assumes responsibility and dedicates oneself to a goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Complexity\" data-back=\"The number of steps, components, and degree of coordination required to manage all the interconnected elements involved in pursuing and attaining goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Complexity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The number of steps, components, and degree of coordination required to manage all the interconnected elements involved in pursuing and attaining goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Contagion\" data-back=\"The adoption of goals for ourselves that we see others around us pursuing.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Contagion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The adoption of goals for ourselves that we see others around us pursuing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal-Directed Behaviors\" data-back=\"Behaviors enacted to achieve a goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal-Directed Behaviors<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviors enacted to achieve a goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Difficulty\" data-back=\"Characteristic of the level of a goal and refers to how hard that goal is to achieve.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Difficulty<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Characteristic of the level of a goal and refers to how hard that goal is to achieve.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Expectancy\" data-back=\"The likelihood of goal achievement and success.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Expectancy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The likelihood of goal achievement and success.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Level\" data-back=\"The rank of a goal in a hierarchy of potential goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Level<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The rank of a goal in a hierarchy of potential goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Importance\" data-back=\"How relevant and essential a goal is to an individual\u2019s well-being.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Importance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How relevant and essential a goal is to an individual\u2019s well-being.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Selection\" data-back=\"Is determined by the value or utility of a goal, the probability of achievement, and their combination.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Selection<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Is determined by the value or utility of a goal, the probability of achievement, and their combination.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Shielding\" data-back=\"To prevent other goals or behaviors from interfering with the pursuit of one\u2019s current goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Shielding<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>To prevent other goals or behaviors from interfering with the pursuit of one\u2019s current goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal Specificity\" data-back=\"How precise the goal is in contrast to how vague or unspecified it is.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal Specificity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How precise the goal is in contrast to how vague or unspecified it is.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal-Striving Flexibility\" data-back=\"A general disposition to remain open and receptive to modifying goal-directive behaviors, or actual goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal-Striving Flexibility<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A general disposition to remain open and receptive to modifying goal-directive behaviors, or actual goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goals Systems Theory\" data-back=\"Proposes that positive emotions associated with goal attainment spill over to goal-directed behavior.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goals Systems Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Proposes that positive emotions associated with goal attainment spill over to goal-directed behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Identity-Based Motivation Theory\" data-back=\"A key condition for possible selves to have motivational power is that they are perceived as connected and relevant to students&#8217; current identities, contexts, and actions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Identity-Based Motivation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A key condition for possible selves to have motivational power is that they are perceived as connected and relevant to students&#8217; current identities, contexts, and actions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Implementation Intentions\" data-back=\"If-then plans that consist of a cognitive link between a specific situation (if) and goal achievement behavior (then).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Implementation Intentions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>If-then plans that consist of a cognitive link between a specific situation (if) and goal achievement behavior (then).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intrapsychic Strategies\" data-back=\"Self-regulatory strategies that focus on interpretation and directly managing behavioral responses.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intrapsychic Strategies<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Self-regulatory strategies that focus on interpretation and directly managing behavioral responses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Learned Helplessness\" data-back=\"A phenomenon in which an individual, after repeatedly experiencing negative emotions and situations such as failure, simply stops trying.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Learned Helplessness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A phenomenon in which an individual, after repeatedly experiencing negative emotions and situations such as failure, simply stops trying.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Levels of Aspirations\" data-back=\"A person&#8217;s desires to achieve a goal that exceeds their current standing and represents the standard one is striving to achieve.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Levels of Aspirations<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person&#8217;s desires to achieve a goal that exceeds their current standing and represents the standard one is striving to achieve.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mindset Theory of Action\" data-back=\"Provides a multi-phase answer with each phase requiring a particular mindset or thought process for goal selection and achievement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mindset Theory of Action<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Provides a multi-phase answer with each phase requiring a particular mindset or thought process for goal selection and achievement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mood Congruency Effect\" data-back=\"Our current mood can hijack our judgment and memory, making related thoughts feel more certain and increasing the recollection of past experiences that match our mood.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mood Congruency Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Our current mood can hijack our judgment and memory, making related thoughts feel more certain and increasing the recollection of past experiences that match our mood.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivational Intensity Theory\" data-back=\"Suggests that individuals put in the necessary effort to meet the demands of goal-related tasks, but effort levels start to plateau when tasks become too challenging.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivational Intensity Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Suggests that individuals put in the necessary effort to meet the demands of goal-related tasks, but effort levels start to plateau when tasks become too challenging.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Prospect Theory\" data-back=\"A descriptive model that accounts for psychological factors, showing that people are loss-averse and their decisions are based on gains and losses relative to a reference point.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Prospect Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A descriptive model that accounts for psychological factors, showing that people are loss-averse and their decisions are based on gains and losses relative to a reference point.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reappraisal\" data-back=\"An emotion regulation strategy involving reframing one&#8217;s thinking about an emotional situation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reappraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion regulation strategy involving reframing one&#8217;s thinking about an emotional situation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reengage\" data-back=\"When an individual formulates alternate means to achieve their goals, sets an entirely new goal, or scales back the original goal&#8217;s level and difficulty.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reengage<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When an individual formulates alternate means to achieve their goals, sets an entirely new goal, or scales back the original goal&#8217;s level and difficulty.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Risk Aversion\" data-back=\"People&#8217;s reluctance to take risks or gambles regarding gains; prefer a likely positive event compared to an unlikely positive event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Risk Aversion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>People&#8217;s reluctance to take risks or gambles regarding gains; prefer a likely positive event compared to an unlikely positive event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Risk Seeking\" data-back=\"People willingly take risks regarding losses; prefer an unlikely negative event compared to a likely negative event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Risk Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>People willingly take risks regarding losses; prefer an unlikely negative event compared to a likely negative event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Concordance Goals\" data-back=\"Goals motivated because they represent autonomy, personal values, interests, and pleasure.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Concordance Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals motivated because they represent autonomy, personal values, interests, and pleasure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Concordance Model\" data-back=\"Delineates the difference between self-concordance goals and controlled goals.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Concordance Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Delineates the difference between self-concordance goals and controlled goals.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Efficacy\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, acting as a key driver of motivation, behaviour, and goal achievement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Efficacy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s belief in their ability to succeed in specific situations or accomplish a task, acting as a key driver of motivation, behaviour, and goal achievement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Regulation\" data-back=\"The ability to push forward in the face of barriers, challenges, and temptations, thereby facilitating perseverance and goal achievement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Regulation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The ability to push forward in the face of barriers, challenges, and temptations, thereby facilitating perseverance and goal achievement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Shared Reality Theory\" data-back=\"Suggests that individuals crave knowledge and advancing their understanding of the world around them, and one way to accomplish this is by disclosing inner states about the self or the environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Shared Reality Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Suggests that individuals crave knowledge and advancing their understanding of the world around them, and one way to accomplish this is by disclosing inner states about the self or the environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Situational Strategies\" data-back=\"Self-regulatory strategies that aim to modify circumstances to facilitate self-controlled behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Situational Strategies<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Self-regulatory strategies that aim to modify circumstances to facilitate self-controlled behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social Comparison Theory\" data-back=\"An individual&#8217;s goal level is determined by their standing relative to members of a group.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social Comparison Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual&#8217;s goal level is determined by their standing relative to members of a group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social Facilitation Theory\" data-back=\"Suggests that the presence of others influences people&#8217;s performance on a task.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social Facilitation Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Suggests that the presence of others influences people&#8217;s performance on a task.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Subgoals\" data-back=\"Intermediate goals that must be achieved on the way toward achieving the final goal; provide immediate motivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Subgoals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Intermediate goals that must be achieved on the way toward achieving the final goal; provide immediate motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Subjective Probability\" data-back=\"A person&#8217;s belief that a particular event will occur and is expressed as a number between 0.00 and 1.00.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Subjective Probability<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person&#8217;s belief that a particular event will occur and is expressed as a number between 0.00 and 1.00.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Temporal Distance\" data-back=\"The amount of time separating the present moment from a past or future event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Temporal Distance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The amount of time separating the present moment from a past or future event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"To-Date Perspective\" data-back=\"How much individuals have accomplished on the way toward achieving their goal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>To-Date Perspective<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>How much individuals have accomplished on the way toward achieving their goal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_5e102a14bea3efb0d8c84fe8eb58c88e');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-9\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-9\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 10<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Accomplishment\" data-back=\"Pursuing achievement, competence, success, and mastery for its own sake. (Part of PERMA model)\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Accomplishment<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Pursuing achievement, competence, success, and mastery for its own sake. (Part of PERMA model)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Active Correlation\" data-back=\"Part of trait-environment correlation: individuals seek and create environments that match their personality traits.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Active Correlation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Part of trait-environment correlation: individuals seek and create environments that match their personality traits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Agreeableness\" data-back=\"One of the five-factor model personality dimensions that ranges from cold, hard, rude to kind, sympathetic, and warm.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Agreeableness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>One of the five-factor model personality dimensions that ranges from cold, hard, rude to kind, sympathetic, and warm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anxiety Sensitivity\" data-back=\"The fear of anxiety-related sensations that stem from an unrealistic belief that these sensations will lead to detrimental physical, cognitive, and social outcomes.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anxiety Sensitivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The fear of anxiety-related sensations that stem from an unrealistic belief that these sensations will lead to detrimental physical, cognitive, and social outcomes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behavioral Activation System (BAS)\" data-back=\"A system that facilitates our focus on and approach to reward or positive consequences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behavioral Activation System (BAS)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A system that facilitates our focus on and approach to reward or positive consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behavioral Genetics\" data-back=\"Science of the genetic inheritance of biological traits relevant to behaviour and personality traits.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behavioral Genetics<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Science of the genetic inheritance of biological traits relevant to behaviour and personality traits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)\" data-back=\"A system responsible for avoiding actual or perceived negative consequences or aversive stimuli.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A system responsible for avoiding actual or perceived negative consequences or aversive stimuli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Boredom Susceptibility\" data-back=\"Component of sensation seeking that is an aversion to boredom resulting from repetitive experiences and the absence of stimulation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Boredom Susceptibility<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Component of sensation seeking that is an aversion to boredom resulting from repetitive experiences and the absence of stimulation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Conscientiousness\" data-back=\"One of the five-factor model personality dimensions that ranges from careless, disorganised to practical, systematic, and efficient.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Conscientiousness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>One of the five-factor model personality dimensions that ranges from careless, disorganised to practical, systematic, and efficient.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Consistency of Interest\" data-back=\"An individual is not distracted by other interests and can remain focused and concentrated.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Consistency of Interest<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual is not distracted by other interests and can remain focused and concentrated.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cultural Sensitivity\" data-back=\"The acknowledgment and appreciation of the values, norms, and beliefs characteristic of a cultural, ethnic, racial, or other group.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cultural Sensitivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The acknowledgment and appreciation of the values, norms, and beliefs characteristic of a cultural, ethnic, racial, or other group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cybernetic Big Five Theory\" data-back=\"This theory proposes that the big five personality traits determine what type of goal an individual chooses and commits to.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cybernetic Big Five Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>This theory proposes that the big five personality traits determine what type of goal an individual chooses and commits to.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dark Triad\" data-back=\"Three distinct but overlapping personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dark Triad<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Three distinct but overlapping personality traits: narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Disinhibition\" data-back=\"Component of sensation seeking that reflects the desire for variety attained by drinking, partying, gambling, and sexual activity; letting yourself go.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Disinhibition<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Component of sensation seeking that reflects the desire for variety attained by drinking, partying, gambling, and sexual activity; letting yourself go.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Effortful Control\" data-back=\"A temperamental regulatory construct that manages temperamental reactivity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Effortful Control<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A temperamental regulatory construct that manages temperamental reactivity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Empathic Concern\" data-back=\"The driving force behind motivations to help those in distress, even when it is costly.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Empathic Concern<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The driving force behind motivations to help those in distress, even when it is costly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Empathy\u2013Altruism Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Witnessing another person&#8217;s distress produces empathic concern, which in turn creates an altruistic motivation to reduce that person&#8217;s welfare, rather than to gain self-benefits.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Empathy\u2013Altruism Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Witnessing another person&#8217;s distress produces empathic concern, which in turn creates an altruistic motivation to reduce that person&#8217;s welfare, rather than to gain self-benefits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Engagement\" data-back=\"Being fully absorbed and immersed in activities, often experiencing &quot;flow&quot; states where time seems to disappear, and self-consciousness fades. (Part of PERMA model)\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Engagement<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Being fully absorbed and immersed in activities, often experiencing &quot;flow&quot; states where time seems to disappear, and self-consciousness fades. (Part of PERMA model)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Evocative Correlation\" data-back=\"Trait-environment correlation wherein an individual\u2019s personality trait determines the type of reaction she or he evokes from others.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Evocative Correlation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Trait-environment correlation wherein an individual\u2019s personality trait determines the type of reaction she or he evokes from others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Experiential Avoidance\" data-back=\"Includes an unwillingness to experience distressing emotions, thoughts, and memories.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Experiential Avoidance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Includes an unwillingness to experience distressing emotions, thoughts, and memories.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Experience Seeking\" data-back=\"Component of sensation seeking characterised by the desire for mental and sensory stimulation from art, travel, drugs, and music.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Experience Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Component of sensation seeking characterised by the desire for mental and sensory stimulation from art, travel, drugs, and music.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Extraversion\" data-back=\"A personality trait (dimension) that ranges from quiet, reserved, shy to active, assertive, dominant.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Extraversion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A personality trait (dimension) that ranges from quiet, reserved, shy to active, assertive, dominant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Extraverts\" data-back=\"People at the upper end of the extraversion dimension and characterised as bold, energetic, and talkative.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Extraverts<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>People at the upper end of the extraversion dimension and characterised as bold, energetic, and talkative.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Extraverted Sensation Seekers\" data-back=\"Those with high disinhibition that seek others in negative activities as a source of stimulation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Extraverted Sensation Seekers<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Those with high disinhibition that seek others in negative activities as a source of stimulation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Five-Factor Model (Big Five)\" data-back=\"Theory that postulates five major personality traits (OCEAN): openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Five-Factor Model (Big Five)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Theory that postulates five major personality traits (OCEAN): openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Flow\" data-back=\"A phenomenon that refers to the desirable subjective state a person experiences when completely involved in some challenging activity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Flow<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A phenomenon that refers to the desirable subjective state a person experiences when completely involved in some challenging activity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Heritability Estimates\" data-back=\"The percentage of the trait attributable to an individual\u2019s genetics.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Heritability Estimates<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The percentage of the trait attributable to an individual\u2019s genetics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Heritable\" data-back=\"Similarities\/differences among people in their personality traits stem from similarities\/differences in the variation of their genes for those traits.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Heritable<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Similarities\/differences among people in their personality traits stem from similarities\/differences in the variation of their genes for those traits.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Grit\" data-back=\"This trait is composed of a consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. Consistency means not being distracted and perseverance means to keep at it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Grit<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>This trait is composed of a consistency of interest and perseverance of effort. Consistency means not being distracted and perseverance means to keep at it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Impulsiveness\" data-back=\"Tendency to give into impulses, urges, compulsions; choose immediate outcomes even if less beneficial than delayed alternatives; opposite of self-control.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Impulsiveness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Tendency to give into impulses, urges, compulsions; choose immediate outcomes even if less beneficial than delayed alternatives; opposite of self-control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Individual Differences\" data-back=\"Individual people vary or differ along personality dimensions, such as the big-five personality traits, or sensation seeking, or impulsiveness versus self-control.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Individual Differences<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Individual people vary or differ along personality dimensions, such as the big-five personality traits, or sensation seeking, or impulsiveness versus self-control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intolerance of Uncertainty\" data-back=\"A tendency to become distressed in unclear and ambiguous situations.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intolerance of Uncertainty<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A tendency to become distressed in unclear and ambiguous situations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Introverts\" data-back=\"Lower end of the extraversion dimension and characterised as bashful, quiet, shy, and withdrawn.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Introverts<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Lower end of the extraversion dimension and characterised as bashful, quiet, shy, and withdrawn.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Machiavellianism\" data-back=\"A personality trait characterised by manipulativeness, deceit, cynicism, and a focus on self-interest, where individuals use others as tools to achieve their own goals, believing &quot;the end justifies the means.&quot;\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Machiavellianism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A personality trait characterised by manipulativeness, deceit, cynicism, and a focus on self-interest, where individuals use others as tools to achieve their own goals, believing &quot;the end justifies the means.&quot;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mastery Goals\" data-back=\"Goals focused on personal improvement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mastery Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals focused on personal improvement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Meaning\" data-back=\"Having a sense of purpose and belonging to something larger than oneself. (Part of PERMA model)\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Meaning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Having a sense of purpose and belonging to something larger than oneself. (Part of PERMA model)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mental Fatigue\" data-back=\"Feeling tired, exhausted, and being reluctant to continue a course of action; difficulty planning, focusing attention, and altering behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mental Fatigue<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Feeling tired, exhausted, and being reluctant to continue a course of action; difficulty planning, focusing attention, and altering behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Narcissism\" data-back=\"A self-centred personality style characterised by an excessive preoccupation with oneself, an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for deep admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Narcissism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A self-centred personality style characterised by an excessive preoccupation with oneself, an inflated sense of self-importance, a need for deep admiration, and a lack of empathy for others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Affectivity\" data-back=\"Tendency to experience negative emotions (fear, anger, sadness, discomfort); heightened distress when goals are blocked, sensory discomfort.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Affectivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Tendency to experience negative emotions (fear, anger, sadness, discomfort); heightened distress when goals are blocked, sensory discomfort.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Neuroticism\" data-back=\"One of the five-factor model personality dimensions that ranges from relaxed, unenvious to moody, temperamental, and touchy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Neuroticism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>One of the five-factor model personality dimensions that ranges from relaxed, unenvious to moody, temperamental, and touchy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Openness-to-Experience\" data-back=\"Personality trait (dimension) that ranges from shallow, simple, unintelligent to artistic, clever, curious.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Openness-to-Experience<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Personality trait (dimension) that ranges from shallow, simple, unintelligent to artistic, clever, curious.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Operational Definitions\" data-back=\"Personality traits are defined by the procedures used to measure them, such as using valid psychological paper-and-pencil scales.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Operational Definitions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Personality traits are defined by the procedures used to measure them, such as using valid psychological paper-and-pencil scales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Orienting Sensitivity\" data-back=\"Sensitivity to subtle internal and external stimuli; noticing associations, low-intensity cues, images, and thoughts.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Orienting Sensitivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Sensitivity to subtle internal and external stimuli; noticing associations, low-intensity cues, images, and thoughts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Passive Correlation\" data-back=\"Trait-environment correlation wherein the biological parents create their children\u2019s environment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Passive Correlation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Trait-environment correlation wherein the biological parents create their children\u2019s environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Performance-Approach Goals\" data-back=\"Goal focused on demonstrating competence.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Performance-Approach Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goal focused on demonstrating competence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Performance-Avoidance Goals\" data-back=\"Goals where the primary concern is not to appear incompetent.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Performance-Avoidance Goals<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals where the primary concern is not to appear incompetent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"PERMA Model\" data-back=\"Divides well-being into five intrinsically motivating components: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>PERMA Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Divides well-being into five intrinsically motivating components: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Perseverance of Effort\" data-back=\"An individual overcomes setbacks, is diligent, works hard, and persists.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Perseverance of Effort<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An individual overcomes setbacks, is diligent, works hard, and persists.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Personality States\" data-back=\"Behavioural manifestation of a trait. State consists of temporary behaviours that are representative of the personality trait.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Personality States<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behavioural manifestation of a trait. State consists of temporary behaviours that are representative of the personality trait.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Personality Traits\" data-back=\"Consistency in a specific set of behaviours across time and across relevant situations from one time to the next.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Personality Traits<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Consistency in a specific set of behaviours across time and across relevant situations from one time to the next.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Positive Emotion\" data-back=\"Experiencing pleasant feelings beyond momentary pleasure to include cultivating positive affect across time. (Part of PERMA model)\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Positive Emotion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Experiencing pleasant feelings beyond momentary pleasure to include cultivating positive affect across time. (Part of PERMA model)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Power Motive\" data-back=\"The wish to influence the lives of other individuals, to be in command, to have high status, and to be noticed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Power Motive<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The wish to influence the lives of other individuals, to be in command, to have high status, and to be noticed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Proactive Behaviours\" data-back=\"Initiative, taking charge of situations, actively anticipating and solving problems, etc.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Proactive Behaviours<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Initiative, taking charge of situations, actively anticipating and solving problems, etc.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychobiological Approach\" data-back=\"Individual differences in our behavioural reactivity and regulation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychobiological Approach<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Individual differences in our behavioural reactivity and regulation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychopathy\" data-back=\"A personality trait characterised by a lack of empathy, shallow emotions, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviour, often masked by superficial charm.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychopathy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A personality trait characterised by a lack of empathy, shallow emotions, impulsivity, and antisocial behaviour, often masked by superficial charm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Punishment Sensitivity\" data-back=\"A psychological trait determining how strongly an individual detects, reacts to, and avoids negative consequences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Punishment Sensitivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychological trait determining how strongly an individual detects, reacts to, and avoids negative consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reactivity\" data-back=\"Arousability and responsiveness of physiological systems.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reactivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Arousability and responsiveness of physiological systems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Regulation\" data-back=\"Neural and behavioural processes that modulate reactivity.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Regulation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Neural and behavioural processes that modulate reactivity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Relationships\" data-back=\"Positive connections with others (e.g., feeling loved, supported, and valued, giving and receiving care). Experiencing authentic social bonds that provide meaning and security.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Relationships<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Positive connections with others (e.g., feeling loved, supported, and valued, giving and receiving care). Experiencing authentic social bonds that provide meaning and security.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reward Sensitivity\" data-back=\"A person reacts with greater energetic arousal in response to rewards or the pursuit of rewards. (Part of PERMA model)\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reward Sensitivity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person reacts with greater energetic arousal in response to rewards or the pursuit of rewards. (Part of PERMA model)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reward Sensitivity Theory\" data-back=\"An important link between individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation and the biological mechanisms that guide and motivate human behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reward Sensitivity Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An important link between individual differences in reactivity and self-regulation and the biological mechanisms that guide and motivate human behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Seize and Freeze\" data-back=\"A cognitive process used to reach a quick decision or judgment, especially under pressure or when dealing with complex, ambiguous information.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Seize and Freeze<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A cognitive process used to reach a quick decision or judgment, especially under pressure or when dealing with complex, ambiguous information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Control\" data-back=\"Ability to inhibit desires, emotions, or impulses that disrupt goal-achievement behaviour; opposite of impulsiveness.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Control<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Ability to inhibit desires, emotions, or impulses that disrupt goal-achievement behaviour; opposite of impulsiveness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sensation Seeking\" data-back=\"Personality trait characterised by seeking intense sensations and experiences and the willingness to take risks and incur costs for the sake of such experiences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sensation Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Personality trait characterised by seeking intense sensations and experiences and the willingness to take risks and incur costs for the sake of such experiences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social-Cognitive Traits\" data-back=\"Consists of three traits; anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and experiential avoidance.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social-Cognitive Traits<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Consists of three traits; anxiety sensitivity, intolerance of uncertainty, and experiential avoidance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social-Normative Motivation\" data-back=\"Internal drivers that make people act in ways that align with the majority group.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social-Normative Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Internal drivers that make people act in ways that align with the majority group.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Subjective Well-Being\" data-back=\"A term for happiness that indicates a person has control over her life, is satisfied with life overall; low incidence of negative moods.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Subjective Well-Being<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A term for happiness that indicates a person has control over her life, is satisfied with life overall; low incidence of negative moods.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Surgency\" data-back=\"Tendency toward high activity, positive emotionality, approach behaviour, enjoyment of high-intensity stimulation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Surgency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Tendency toward high activity, positive emotionality, approach behaviour, enjoyment of high-intensity stimulation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Temperament\" data-back=\"Humans\u2019 earliest consistent behavioural responses across different environmental contexts.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Temperament<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Humans\u2019 earliest consistent behavioural responses across different environmental contexts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Thrill and Adventure Seeking\" data-back=\"Component of sensation seeking characterised by the desire for sensations from participating in risky activities, e.g., sky diving and fast driving.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Thrill and Adventure Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Component of sensation seeking characterised by the desire for sensations from participating in risky activities, e.g., sky diving and fast driving.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Trait-Environment Correlation\" data-back=\"Personality traits and environments are associated in their effects on behaviour because traits determine the situations a person chooses or alters.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Trait-Environment Correlation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Personality traits and environments are associated in their effects on behaviour because traits determine the situations a person chooses or alters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Trait-Environment Interaction\" data-back=\"A person\u2019s reaction to the environment depends on the amount of a personality trait s\/he possesses.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Trait-Environment Interaction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person\u2019s reaction to the environment depends on the amount of a personality trait s\/he possesses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_7f23c6e8b70e0d16d5935a151b5d23ff');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-10\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-10\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 11<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Acute Stress\" data-back=\"A short-term but intense reaction to a stressor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Acute Stress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A short-term but intense reaction to a stressor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Adaptive Immune System\" data-back=\"Employs cells that have developed specifically to combat a distinctive population of pathogens.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Adaptive Immune System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Employs cells that have developed specifically to combat a distinctive population of pathogens.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Adrenaline\" data-back=\"A stress hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight by increasing heart rate, breathing capacity, and sending blood to the muscles.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Adrenaline<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A stress hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight by increasing heart rate, breathing capacity, and sending blood to the muscles.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affordance\" data-back=\"Features of a stressful situation that allow for some action, such as reappraisal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affordance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Features of a stressful situation that allow for some action, such as reappraisal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Amotivation\" data-back=\"A lack of motivation.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Amotivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A lack of motivation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Anhedonia\" data-back=\"A key symptom of depression, characterized by a loss of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities or a loss of interest in pursuing them.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Anhedonia<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A key symptom of depression, characterized by a loss of pleasure in previously enjoyable activities or a loss of interest in pursuing them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Autonomously Motivated\" data-back=\"Act out of interest, enjoyment, or personal value rather than external pressure, rewards, or guilt.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Autonomously Motivated<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Act out of interest, enjoyment, or personal value rather than external pressure, rewards, or guilt.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Avoidance Motivation\" data-back=\"A component of PTSD that includes avoiding talking, thinking, and feeling about past stressful events, as well as avoiding activities and situations that are reminders of past stressful events.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Avoidance Motivation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A component of PTSD that includes avoiding talking, thinking, and feeling about past stressful events, as well as avoiding activities and situations that are reminders of past stressful events.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behavioral Stress\" data-back=\"The outward, actionable response to psychological or physical tension, where stress causes changes in daily habits and actions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behavioral Stress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The outward, actionable response to psychological or physical tension, where stress causes changes in daily habits and actions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Burnout\" data-back=\"Being emotionally exhausted and cynical as a result of unfulfilling work or study.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Burnout<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Being emotionally exhausted and cynical as a result of unfulfilling work or study.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cardiovascular Diseases\" data-back=\"Conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, and the leading cause of mortality worldwide.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cardiovascular Diseases<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels, and the leading cause of mortality worldwide.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Challenge\" data-back=\"Greater effort than usual will be required to deal with a stressor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Challenge<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Greater effort than usual will be required to deal with a stressor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Chronic\" data-back=\"A condition, disease, or habit that is long-lasting, persistent, recurring frequently, or constant.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Chronic<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A condition, disease, or habit that is long-lasting, persistent, recurring frequently, or constant.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Chronic Job Demands\" data-back=\"Such as a high workload, the management of student behaviours, and the presence of unfavourable work environments.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Chronic Job Demands<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Such as a high workload, the management of student behaviours, and the presence of unfavourable work environments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Comfort Food\" data-back=\"Foods like ice cream, chocolate, potato chips that are eaten in order to reduce stress or to feel better.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Comfort Food<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Foods like ice cream, chocolate, potato chips that are eaten in order to reduce stress or to feel better.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Controllability\" data-back=\"The extent person can alter, change, or reduce the effects of a stressor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Controllability<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The extent person can alter, change, or reduce the effects of a stressor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Coping\" data-back=\"Behavior that is motivated to meet life\u2019s demands as in solving, managing, or dealing with those events (potential stressors) satisfactorily.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Coping<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behavior that is motivated to meet life\u2019s demands as in solving, managing, or dealing with those events (potential stressors) satisfactorily.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cortisol\" data-back=\"A stress hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight by releasing glucose into the bloodstream.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cortisol<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A stress hormone that prepares the body for fight-or-flight by releasing glucose into the bloodstream.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cynicism\" data-back=\"General mistrust, negative perceptions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cynicism<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>General mistrust, negative perceptions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cytokines\" data-back=\"Specialized cells of the body\u2019s immune system that communicate the presence of pathogens to the brain. The result is sickness behavior.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cytokines<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Specialized cells of the body\u2019s immune system that communicate the presence of pathogens to the brain. The result is sickness behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Daily Hassels\" data-back=\"Demands of daily life that are irritating, annoying, and distressing.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Daily Hassels<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Demands of daily life that are irritating, annoying, and distressing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Demand\" data-back=\"Must be managed or coped with in order for a person to function well.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Demand<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Must be managed or coped with in order for a person to function well.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Depression\" data-back=\"A serious, common mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest (anhedonia), and low energy, severely impacting how a person feels, thinks, and functions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Depression<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A serious, common mental health disorder characterized by persistent sadness, loss of interest (anhedonia), and low energy, severely impacting how a person feels, thinks, and functions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Distancing\" data-back=\"An emotion-focused coping strategy that involves biding one\u2019s time before doing anything or trying to forget about the problem.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Distancing<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion-focused coping strategy that involves biding one\u2019s time before doing anything or trying to forget about the problem.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Distraction\" data-back=\"A coping method to prevent negative emotions by diverting one\u2019s attention away from the stressor toward a more pleasant event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Distraction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A coping method to prevent negative emotions by diverting one\u2019s attention away from the stressor toward a more pleasant event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Distress\" data-back=\"Term that emphasises stress as being psychologically negative, i.e., negative stress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Distress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Term that emphasises stress as being psychologically negative, i.e., negative stress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dopamine\" data-back=\"A crucial neurotransmitter that affects our mood, motivation, and pleasure.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dopamine<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A crucial neurotransmitter that affects our mood, motivation, and pleasure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dose\" data-back=\"The degree of exposure an individual experiences to various stressful events.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dose<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The degree of exposure an individual experiences to various stressful events.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dose-Response Relationship\" data-back=\"The degree of exposure (dose) one has to a stressful event determines the extent of stress symptoms (response).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dose-Response Relationship<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The degree of exposure (dose) one has to a stressful event determines the extent of stress symptoms (response).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Drainers\" data-back=\"Strain employees, raise their cortisol levels, and lead to the stress symptoms.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Drainers<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Strain employees, raise their cortisol levels, and lead to the stress symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Duration\" data-back=\"Range from discrete with sudden onset and offset, to chronic and long-lasting.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Duration<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Range from discrete with sudden onset and offset, to chronic and long-lasting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Effort-Reward Imbalance\" data-back=\"An indication of a chronic stressor. The imbalance results when an individual\u2019s efforts are much greater than the rewards received for that effort.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Effort-Reward Imbalance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An indication of a chronic stressor. The imbalance results when an individual\u2019s efforts are much greater than the rewards received for that effort.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotional Exhaustion\" data-back=\"Feeling emotionally weary and completely drained from experiencing excessive stress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotional Exhaustion<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Feeling emotionally weary and completely drained from experiencing excessive stress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion Dysregulation\" data-back=\"The general tendency to experience difficulties in identifying, evaluating, controlling, and regulating emotional and behavioural responses.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion Dysregulation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The general tendency to experience difficulties in identifying, evaluating, controlling, and regulating emotional and behavioural responses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion-Focused Coping\" data-back=\"It involves managing the negative reactions that accompany stress; to alleviate the symptoms of distress but not dealing with the source or stressor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion-Focused Coping<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It involves managing the negative reactions that accompany stress; to alleviate the symptoms of distress but not dealing with the source or stressor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotion Regulation\" data-back=\"Refers to how we regulate emotions\u2014which emotions to experience, when to experience them, how to express them, and how intensely to experience them.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotion Regulation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Refers to how we regulate emotions\u2014which emotions to experience, when to experience them, how to express them, and how intensely to experience them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotional Integration\" data-back=\"An adaptive form of emotion regulation that treats both positive and negative emotions as valuable sources of information or learning opportunities rather than as obstacles to be overcome.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotional Integration<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An adaptive form of emotion regulation that treats both positive and negative emotions as valuable sources of information or learning opportunities rather than as obstacles to be overcome.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Emotional Suppression\" data-back=\"A maladaptive emotion regulation style as it entails inhibiting, attenuating, or avoiding emotional experiences and behavioural expressions of emotions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Emotional Suppression<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A maladaptive emotion regulation style as it entails inhibiting, attenuating, or avoiding emotional experiences and behavioural expressions of emotions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Energizers\" data-back=\"Aspects of a job that help you achieve your goals, reduce demands, or stimulate personal growth.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Energizers<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Aspects of a job that help you achieve your goals, reduce demands, or stimulate personal growth.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Eustress\" data-back=\"Physiological arousal that results from positive events; considered positive stress and is the opposite of distress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Eustress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Physiological arousal that results from positive events; considered positive stress and is the opposite of distress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Execution Strategies\" data-back=\"Strategies each person will use to cope.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Execution Strategies<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Strategies each person will use to cope.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Experiential Avoidance\" data-back=\"A component of PTSD that refers to the reluctance to endure painful sensations, memories, or thoughts about an experienced traumatic event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Experiential Avoidance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A component of PTSD that refers to the reluctance to endure painful sensations, memories, or thoughts about an experienced traumatic event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Feedback\" data-back=\"Actionable information provided to individuals or systems to close the gap between actual and desired performance, fostering growth and improving outcomes.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Feedback<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Actionable information provided to individuals or systems to close the gap between actual and desired performance, fostering growth and improving outcomes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Goal-Directed Instrumental Behavior\" data-back=\"Deliberate, flexible, adaptive behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Goal-Directed Instrumental Behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Deliberate, flexible, adaptive behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Habit\" data-back=\"A learned behaviour that has become automatic and inflexible due to a past association with reward.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Habit<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A learned behaviour that has become automatic and inflexible due to a past association with reward.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Habitual Behaviors\" data-back=\"Learned, automatic, inflexible behaviours associated with past rewards.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Habitual Behaviors<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Learned, automatic, inflexible behaviours associated with past rewards.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hormones\" data-back=\"Chemical messengers released by glands in order to affect a particular organ. Certain hormones are released as part of stress; stress hormones.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hormones<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Chemical messengers released by glands in order to affect a particular organ. Certain hormones are released as part of stress; stress hormones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis\" data-back=\"A primary neuroendocrine system regulating stress, mood, immunity, and energy.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A primary neuroendocrine system regulating stress, mood, immunity, and energy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Immune System\" data-back=\"A system of the body that is designed to attach and destroy pathogens and thus protect humans from disease.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Immune System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A system of the body that is designed to attach and destroy pathogens and thus protect humans from disease.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Innate Immune System\" data-back=\"Uses a nonspecific approach to destroy pathogens.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Innate Immune System<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Uses a nonspecific approach to destroy pathogens.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intensity of Stressors\" data-back=\"Higher intensity leads to stronger stress responses.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intensity of Stressors<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Higher intensity leads to stronger stress responses.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Irreducible Uncertainty\" data-back=\"Randomness in a system that cannot be reduced with more information.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Irreducible Uncertainty<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Randomness in a system that cannot be reduced with more information.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Job Demands-Resources Model\" data-back=\"Work demands include physical, psychological, social, and organisational aspects of the job that require sustained effort.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Job Demands-Resources Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Work demands include physical, psychological, social, and organisational aspects of the job that require sustained effort.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Learned Helplessness\" data-back=\"A lack of perceived control over negative experiences, including stress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Learned Helplessness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A lack of perceived control over negative experiences, including stress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Life-Change Event\" data-back=\"Stressors that have clear, observable beginnings and ends.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Life-Change Event<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Stressors that have clear, observable beginnings and ends.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Life-Change Unit\" data-back=\"Arbitrary measure that indicated the degree of adjustment necessary to cope with a life-change event or stressor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Life-Change Unit<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Arbitrary measure that indicated the degree of adjustment necessary to cope with a life-change event or stressor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Magnitude\" data-back=\"Intensity or amount of a stressor that is challenging, demanding, and enduring.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Magnitude<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Intensity or amount of a stressor that is challenging, demanding, and enduring.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Migraine Headaches\" data-back=\"Extremely painful, long-lasting headaches, which may be accompanied by nausea and may require a person to lie down in a dark room.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Migraine Headaches<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Extremely painful, long-lasting headaches, which may be accompanied by nausea and may require a person to lie down in a dark room.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Life Event\" data-back=\"An objective occurrence or experience that causes significant disruption, stress, or long-term negative changes to an individual\u2019s life.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Life Event<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An objective occurrence or experience that causes significant disruption, stress, or long-term negative changes to an individual\u2019s life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Strivings\" data-back=\"Goals that are avoided, escaped, or rejected.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Strivings<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals that are avoided, escaped, or rejected.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Non-event\" data-back=\"Desired, anticipated, or hoped-for event that fails to occur.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Non-event<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Desired, anticipated, or hoped-for event that fails to occur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Pathogens\" data-back=\"Bacteria and viruses that invade the human body to produce diseases, such as tuberculosis, cold, and flu.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Pathogens<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Bacteria and viruses that invade the human body to produce diseases, such as tuberculosis, cold, and flu.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Physiological Stress\" data-back=\"The body&#8217;s response to internal or external stressors that disrupt homeostasis.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Physiological Stress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The body&#8217;s response to internal or external stressors that disrupt homeostasis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Planning Stage\" data-back=\"Appraising the life demand and how it is addressed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Planning Stage<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Appraising the life demand and how it is addressed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Positive Strivings\" data-back=\"Goals that are approached, obtained, or achieved.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Positive Strivings<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Goals that are approached, obtained, or achieved.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)\" data-back=\"A long-lasting source of distress from experiencing or witnessing very traumatic events like shootings, bombings, sexual violence, severe injury, or death threats.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A long-lasting source of distress from experiencing or witnessing very traumatic events like shootings, bombings, sexual violence, severe injury, or death threats.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Predictability\" data-back=\"Likelihood or chance that a stressor will occur. It allows a person to anticipate the stressor.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Predictability<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Likelihood or chance that a stressor will occur. It allows a person to anticipate the stressor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Preparatory Response Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Signals that predict a biologically significant event that enable the organism to prepare or be ready to cope with that event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Preparatory Response Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Signals that predict a biologically significant event that enable the organism to prepare or be ready to cope with that event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Primary Appraisal\" data-back=\"An event is evaluated as to whether it is relevant, benign, positive, or stressful for a person\u2019s well-being.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Primary Appraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An event is evaluated as to whether it is relevant, benign, positive, or stressful for a person\u2019s well-being.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Problem-Focused Coping\" data-back=\"Trying to identify the problem or stressor and to consider potential solutions to deal with the stressor and then doing so.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Problem-Focused Coping<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Trying to identify the problem or stressor and to consider potential solutions to deal with the stressor and then doing so.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychological Stress\" data-back=\"Psychological responses, including changes in emotion, cognition, and behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychological Stress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Psychological responses, including changes in emotion, cognition, and behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychoneuroimmunology\" data-back=\"The science that studies the relationship among stressors, the body\u2019s immune system, and diseases.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychoneuroimmunology<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The science that studies the relationship among stressors, the body\u2019s immune system, and diseases.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychophysiological or Psychosomatic Disorders\" data-back=\"Medical conditions like asthma, headaches, and hypertension that are a consequence of or are made worse by stressors.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychophysiological or Psychosomatic Disorders<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Medical conditions like asthma, headaches, and hypertension that are a consequence of or are made worse by stressors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Race-Related Vigilance\" data-back=\"Anticipating and being prepared for racial discrimination. Individuals attend their social environment for signs of perceived racism in order to avoid or escape it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Race-Related Vigilance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Anticipating and being prepared for racial discrimination. Individuals attend their social environment for signs of perceived racism in order to avoid or escape it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Reappraisal\" data-back=\"A coping strategy that involves reinterpreting a stressor, usually in a positive light.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Reappraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A coping strategy that involves reinterpreting a stressor, usually in a positive light.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Response\" data-back=\"The severity of a person\u2019s stress symptoms.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Response<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The severity of a person\u2019s stress symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Safety Hypothesis\" data-back=\"Signals that predict the non-occurrence of an aversive event, in contrast to signals that predict danger. The safety signals enable the organism to relax.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Safety Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Signals that predict the non-occurrence of an aversive event, in contrast to signals that predict danger. The safety signals enable the organism to relax.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Same Domain Effect\" data-back=\"Valence of event and reaction to it are of the same dimension; negative events produce distress and positive events produce eustress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Same Domain Effect<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Valence of event and reaction to it are of the same dimension; negative events produce distress and positive events produce eustress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Secondary Appraisal\" data-back=\"Individuals inventory their coping resources to determine how they can be used to manage the stressor or manage the life-change event.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Secondary Appraisal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Individuals inventory their coping resources to determine how they can be used to manage the stressor or manage the life-change event.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Blame\" data-back=\"An emotion-focused coping strategy that involves accepting responsibility for one\u2019s actions and the consequences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Blame<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion-focused coping strategy that involves accepting responsibility for one\u2019s actions and the consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Isolation\" data-back=\"An emotion-focused coping strategy in which people keep others ignorant of their problems or avoid people in general.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Isolation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion-focused coping strategy in which people keep others ignorant of their problems or avoid people in general.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Medication Hypothesis\" data-back=\"When a person uses alcohol, nicotine, or other drugs in order to alleviate symptoms of stress.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Medication Hypothesis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When a person uses alcohol, nicotine, or other drugs in order to alleviate symptoms of stress.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sickness Behavior\" data-back=\"Behaviour exhibited when ill. It is felt as fatigue, fever, mild depression, lack of appetite, lack of pleasure, sleepiness, slowed cognitions, and social withdrawal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sickness Behavior<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviour exhibited when ill. It is felt as fatigue, fever, mild depression, lack of appetite, lack of pleasure, sleepiness, slowed cognitions, and social withdrawal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Stress\" data-back=\"Negative physiological or psychological reactions that result when life\u2019s demands (stressors) exceed coping resources for dealing with the stressors.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Stress<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Negative physiological or psychological reactions that result when life\u2019s demands (stressors) exceed coping resources for dealing with the stressors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Stressors\" data-back=\"Conditions that are demanding, challenging, and threatening to an individual&#8217;s welfare.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Stressors<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Conditions that are demanding, challenging, and threatening to an individual&#8217;s welfare.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Suppression\" data-back=\"Masking negative feelings.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Suppression<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Masking negative feelings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Teacher Burnout\" data-back=\"Starts with chronic job demands that deplete energy resources.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Teacher Burnout<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Starts with chronic job demands that deplete energy resources.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Teachers&#8217; Energizers\" data-back=\"Autonomy in work decisions, administrative support, and a positive social climate.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Teachers&#8217; Energizers<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Autonomy in work decisions, administrative support, and a positive social climate.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tension Headaches\" data-back=\"Dull aching pain and tightness of the forehead, sides, and back of head.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tension Headaches<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Dull aching pain and tightness of the forehead, sides, and back of head.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tension Reduction\" data-back=\"An emotion-focused coping strategy that may involve smoking, drinking, eating, and jogging in order to feel less tense and thus feel better.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tension Reduction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An emotion-focused coping strategy that may involve smoking, drinking, eating, and jogging in order to feel less tense and thus feel better.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Threat\" data-back=\"Stressors pose a potential harm to the individual, either psychologically or physically.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Threat<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Stressors pose a potential harm to the individual, either psychologically or physically.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Traumatic Stressors\" data-back=\"Random violence, severe injury, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and death threats are very traumatic events and stressors.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Traumatic Stressors<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Random violence, severe injury, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, and death threats are very traumatic events and stressors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Wishful Thinking\" data-back=\"A coping strategy that focuses on the desire that the stressor would somehow go away or that the person would feel differently about it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Wishful Thinking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A coping strategy that focuses on the desire that the stressor would somehow go away or that the person would feel differently about it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_8260cb655fbe5229ae6d93f08251d5b9');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section hidden aria-labelledby=\"tab__tabs_1-tab-11\" data-wp-bind--hidden=\"!state.isActiveTab\" id=\"tabs_1-tab-11\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" class=\"wp-block-tab-panel is-layout-flow wp-block-tab-panel-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15\" style=\"color:#a62029;font-style:normal;font-weight:200\">Chapter 12<\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Addiction\" data-back=\"Also known as substance use disorder, it is characterized by the craving, compulsive use, loss of control, tolerance of psychoactive drugs and withdrawal symptoms due to drug abstinence.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Addiction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Also known as substance use disorder, it is characterized by the craving, compulsive use, loss of control, tolerance of psychoactive drugs and withdrawal symptoms due to drug abstinence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Addictive Behaviors\" data-back=\"Compulsive activities often involving drugs that produce short-term pleasure at the expense of later negative consequences like tolerance and withdrawal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Addictive Behaviors<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Compulsive activities often involving drugs that produce short-term pleasure at the expense of later negative consequences like tolerance and withdrawal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Affective Model of Negative Reinforcement\" data-back=\"Repeated drug use makes an addict sensitive to the unpleasant symptoms that predict drug withdrawal and thus takes drugs to avoid anticipated withdrawal.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Affective Model of Negative Reinforcement<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Repeated drug use makes an addict sensitive to the unpleasant symptoms that predict drug withdrawal and thus takes drugs to avoid anticipated withdrawal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Alcohol\" data-back=\"A psychoactive drug in the form of ethanol and served as beer, wine, or distilled spirits, such as vodka, rum, gin.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Alcohol<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychoactive drug in the form of ethanol and served as beer, wine, or distilled spirits, such as vodka, rum, gin.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Antagonists\" data-back=\"A drug that blocks the euphoric effects of psychoactive drugs and thus can curb people\u2019s cravings for drugs like cocaine and alcohol.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Antagonists<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A drug that blocks the euphoric effects of psychoactive drugs and thus can curb people\u2019s cravings for drugs like cocaine and alcohol.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Attentional Bias\" data-back=\"Addicted individuals pay more attention and remember drug stimuli better; more drawn to drug stimuli.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Attentional Bias<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Addicted individuals pay more attention and remember drug stimuli better; more drawn to drug stimuli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behavioral Genetics\" data-back=\"A field of study that attempts to attribute behaviour differences to genetic similarities\/differences among people as in the case of drug addiction.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behavioral Genetics<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A field of study that attempts to attribute behaviour differences to genetic similarities\/differences among people as in the case of drug addiction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cocaine\" data-back=\"A psychoactive drug obtained from the coca plant. It produces a positive euphoric effect sometimes termed as a full body orgasm.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cocaine<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychoactive drug obtained from the coca plant. It produces a positive euphoric effect sometimes termed as a full body orgasm.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Comorbidity\" data-back=\"When two negative states are associated together as when a person engages in more than one addictive behaviour like smoking and gambling.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Comorbidity<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When two negative states are associated together as when a person engages in more than one addictive behaviour like smoking and gambling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Conditioned Compensatory Response Model\" data-back=\"A classically conditioned response that is opposite to the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned responses prepare the individual for the actual drug experience.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Conditioned Compensatory Response Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A classically conditioned response that is opposite to the response produced by the unconditioned stimulus. The conditioned responses prepare the individual for the actual drug experience.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Conditioned Drug-Like Response Model\" data-back=\"A classically conditioned response that mimics the actual response to the drug stimulus (drug unconditioned stimulus).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Conditioned Drug-Like Response Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A classically conditioned response that mimics the actual response to the drug stimulus (drug unconditioned stimulus).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Craving\" data-back=\"An overpowering, uncontrollable urge for the drug a person uses in order to experience the euphoric effect or to reduce withdrawal effects that result from abstinence.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Craving<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An overpowering, uncontrollable urge for the drug a person uses in order to experience the euphoric effect or to reduce withdrawal effects that result from abstinence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dependency\" data-back=\"The inability to function normally without a psychoactive drug due to prolonged use, characterized by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and compulsive drug-seeking behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dependency<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The inability to function normally without a psychoactive drug due to prolonged use, characterized by tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, and compulsive drug-seeking behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Dopamine\" data-back=\"A neurotransmitter that activates neurons in the brain\u2019s reward circuitry to produce feelings of pleasure and euphoria.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Dopamine<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A neurotransmitter that activates neurons in the brain\u2019s reward circuitry to produce feelings of pleasure and euphoria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Drug withdrawal\" data-back=\"General term used to describe the body\u2019s overall process of adjusting to the absence of a chemical substance marked by the drug&#8217;s opposite effects.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Drug withdrawal<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>General term used to describe the body\u2019s overall process of adjusting to the absence of a chemical substance marked by the drug&#8217;s opposite effects.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Endorphin\" data-back=\"Internal morphine located along pain pathways in the brain and is responsible for producing exercise high.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Endorphin<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Internal morphine located along pain pathways in the brain and is responsible for producing exercise high.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Exercise High\" data-back=\"A positive euphoric or pleasant feeling brought on by strenuous exercise, such as running producing a runner\u2019s high.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Exercise High<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A positive euphoric or pleasant feeling brought on by strenuous exercise, such as running producing a runner\u2019s high.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Experience Seeking\" data-back=\"Component of sensation seeking characterized by the desire for mental and sensory stimulation from drugs and addictive behaviours.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Experience Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Component of sensation seeking characterized by the desire for mental and sensory stimulation from drugs and addictive behaviours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Hallucinogens\" data-back=\"A psychoactive drug that enhances perception and mental stimulation and causes people to experience delusions, reality distortion, and hallucinations.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Hallucinogens<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychoactive drug that enhances perception and mental stimulation and causes people to experience delusions, reality distortion, and hallucinations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Heritable\" data-back=\"The idea that as the genetic similarity among people increases, their behaviour similarity increases, such as the likelihood of drug experimentation and use.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Heritable<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The idea that as the genetic similarity among people increases, their behaviour similarity increases, such as the likelihood of drug experimentation and use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Homeostasis\" data-back=\"Constant stable internal environment that the body tries to maintain. Drugs disrupt homeostasis.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Homeostasis<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Constant stable internal environment that the body tries to maintain. Drugs disrupt homeostasis.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Illicit Drugs\" data-back=\"Their use is prohibited by the federal government. It is illegal (illicit) to use them.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Illicit Drugs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Their use is prohibited by the federal government. It is illegal (illicit) to use them.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Impulsiveness\" data-back=\"A characteristic of a person with a heightened sensitivity to drug rewards and lack of foresight about the negative consequences that drugs produce.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Impulsiveness<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A characteristic of a person with a heightened sensitivity to drug rewards and lack of foresight about the negative consequences that drugs produce.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Incentive Sensitization Theory\" data-back=\"The theory that repeated drug use becomes motivated more by a drug\u2019s incentive value (anticipated pleasure) than by its hedonic value (actual pleasure).\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Incentive Sensitization Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The theory that repeated drug use becomes motivated more by a drug\u2019s incentive value (anticipated pleasure) than by its hedonic value (actual pleasure).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Internet Addiction\" data-back=\"Internet use characterized by excessive use, withdrawal symptoms from not using, tolerance of use, and negative repercussions from too much use.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Internet Addiction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Internet use characterized by excessive use, withdrawal symptoms from not using, tolerance of use, and negative repercussions from too much use.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Internet Gaming\" data-back=\"Playing games via the Internet. Playing behaviour exhibits impaired control, since people find it difficult to stop and continue gaming compulsively.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Internet Gaming<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Playing games via the Internet. Playing behaviour exhibits impaired control, since people find it difficult to stop and continue gaming compulsively.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Methamphetamines\" data-back=\"A psychoactive drug derived from amphetamine that acts like a strong stimulant to produce increasing alertness and wakefulness.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Methamphetamines<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychoactive drug derived from amphetamine that acts like a strong stimulant to produce increasing alertness and wakefulness.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Motivation for Change\" data-back=\"A motivational factor for quitting drugs that ranges from willfully contemplating change, preparing for it, acting on it, and maintaining it.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Motivation for Change<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A motivational factor for quitting drugs that ranges from willfully contemplating change, preparing for it, acting on it, and maintaining it.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Naltrexone\" data-back=\"A neurotransmitter antagonist that reduces the reinforcing effects of a variety of psychoactive drugs. It is used to treat addiction by curbing drug craving and pleasure.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Naltrexone<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A neurotransmitter antagonist that reduces the reinforcing effects of a variety of psychoactive drugs. It is used to treat addiction by curbing drug craving and pleasure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Addictions\" data-back=\"An addiction in reference to psychoactive drugs because their use leads to long-term negative consequences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Addictions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An addiction in reference to psychoactive drugs because their use leads to long-term negative consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Reinforcement\" data-back=\"The removal of an unpleasant feeling by a response. For example, drugs remove the unpleasantness or agony of drug withdrawal symptoms.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Reinforcement<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The removal of an unpleasant feeling by a response. For example, drugs remove the unpleasantness or agony of drug withdrawal symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Negative Repercussions\" data-back=\"The consequences of excessive or addictive Internet use characterized by social isolation, lying, arguing, low achievement, and fatigue.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Negative Repercussions<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The consequences of excessive or addictive Internet use characterized by social isolation, lying, arguing, low achievement, and fatigue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Neurotransmitter\" data-back=\"A chemical substance whose action in the gap between two neurons allows for the sending neuron to stimulate the next or receiving neuron.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Neurotransmitter<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A chemical substance whose action in the gap between two neurons allows for the sending neuron to stimulate the next or receiving neuron.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Novelty Seeking\" data-back=\"A characteristic similar to experience seeking but in this case seeking new or different experiences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Novelty Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A characteristic similar to experience seeking but in this case seeking new or different experiences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Nucleus Accumbens\" data-back=\"A reward site of densely packed neurons located deep inside the brain along the brain\u2019s pleasure circuit. Psychoactive drugs produce their effects at this site; similar to the ventral tegmental area.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Nucleus Accumbens<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A reward site of densely packed neurons located deep inside the brain along the brain\u2019s pleasure circuit. Psychoactive drugs produce their effects at this site; similar to the ventral tegmental area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Opiates\" data-back=\"A psychoactive drug (morphine, codeine, heroin) derived from the opium poppy that produces euphoria and reduces anxiety.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Opiates<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A psychoactive drug (morphine, codeine, heroin) derived from the opium poppy that produces euphoria and reduces anxiety.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Opponent-Process Theory\" data-back=\"According to this theory, the initial pleasurable reaction to a drug is countered by an opponent process or drug-opposite effect that results in dysphoria and withdrawal when the drug wears off.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Opponent-Process Theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>According to this theory, the initial pleasurable reaction to a drug is countered by an opponent process or drug-opposite effect that results in dysphoria and withdrawal when the drug wears off.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Paradoxical Conditioning\" data-back=\"This occurs in classical conditioning when the conditioned response occurs in the opposite direction of the unconditioned response.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Paradoxical Conditioning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>This occurs in classical conditioning when the conditioned response occurs in the opposite direction of the unconditioned response.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Positive Addiction\" data-back=\"An addiction, in reference to exercise (running), that leads to positive health consequences in contrast to negative health consequences that result from drugs.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Positive Addiction<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An addiction, in reference to exercise (running), that leads to positive health consequences in contrast to negative health consequences that result from drugs.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Positive Reinforcement\" data-back=\"A positive experience that results from a response. For example, drugs produce pleasure and euphoria.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Positive Reinforcement<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A positive experience that results from a response. For example, drugs produce pleasure and euphoria.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Priming\" data-back=\"The reinstatement or increase in drug craving by a small dose of the drug or by stimuli associated with the drug.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Priming<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The reinstatement or increase in drug craving by a small dose of the drug or by stimuli associated with the drug.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Psychoactive Drugs\" data-back=\"Any chemical substance that alters a person\u2019s mood and behaviour as a result of the drug\u2019s effect on the brain that can lead to dependence on the drug.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Psychoactive Drugs<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Any chemical substance that alters a person\u2019s mood and behaviour as a result of the drug\u2019s effect on the brain that can lead to dependence on the drug.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Salience\" data-back=\"Properties of a drug or drug-associated stimuli that draw an addicted individual\u2019s attention and craving as a result of his\/her experiences with the drug; noticeability of drug stimuli.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Salience<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Properties of a drug or drug-associated stimuli that draw an addicted individual\u2019s attention and craving as a result of his\/her experiences with the drug; noticeability of drug stimuli.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self-Control\" data-back=\"It is the ability to override cravings and impulses that disrupt goal-achievement. Drugs cause people to lose self-control. They use drugs compulsively with lowered foresight of the consequences.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self-Control<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>It is the ability to override cravings and impulses that disrupt goal-achievement. Drugs cause people to lose self-control. They use drugs compulsively with lowered foresight of the consequences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Sensation Seeking\" data-back=\"A personality trait associated with seeking varied, intense, and novel sensations and the willingness to take risks to experience the sensations that drugs provide.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Sensation Seeking<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A personality trait associated with seeking varied, intense, and novel sensations and the willingness to take risks to experience the sensations that drugs provide.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social Control\" data-back=\"Constraints that limit addictive behaviours, such as being illegal, limiting places of use, social disapproval, and advertising ill-health effects.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social Control<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Constraints that limit addictive behaviours, such as being illegal, limiting places of use, social disapproval, and advertising ill-health effects.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social Trigger\" data-back=\"Social norms that promote using drugs, such as advertising, portrayed as cool in movies, prevalent in social groups, and legal restraints are relaxed.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social Trigger<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Social norms that promote using drugs, such as advertising, portrayed as cool in movies, prevalent in social groups, and legal restraints are relaxed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Substance Use Disorder\" data-back=\"The medical term for drug addiction, which is characterized by compulsive drug use, drug tolerance, and negative withdrawal symptoms when not using.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Substance Use Disorder<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The medical term for drug addiction, which is characterized by compulsive drug use, drug tolerance, and negative withdrawal symptoms when not using.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Tolerance\" data-back=\"When a person habituates to the stimulus effects of a psychoactive drug.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Tolerance<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When a person habituates to the stimulus effects of a psychoactive drug.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation\" data-back=\"A coil is placed near a person\u2019s head to send a small electric current into the adjacent region of the brain. The current reduces the activity of the brain\u2019s neurons in the stimulated area.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A coil is placed near a person\u2019s head to send a small electric current into the adjacent region of the brain. The current reduces the activity of the brain\u2019s neurons in the stimulated area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Transtheoretical Model\" data-back=\"A model describing motivational change in addiction recovery as a series of stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance, each representing increasing readiness to change addictive behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Transtheoretical Model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A model describing motivational change in addiction recovery as a series of stages: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance, each representing increasing readiness to change addictive behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Withdrawal Syndrome\" data-back=\"Consistent demonstrations of drug-specific withdrawal symptoms.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Withdrawal Syndrome<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Consistent demonstrations of drug-specific withdrawal symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 33,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      <div class=\"swiper-pagination swiper-pagination-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\"><\/div>\n      <a class=\"swiper-button-next swiper-button-next-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"13.933,1 34,21.068 14.431,40.637 9.498,35.704 24.136,21.068 9,5.933\"\/><\/svg><\/a>\n      \n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n(function() {\n    \/\/ Use the unique block ID to target this specific instance\n    var blockId = 'swiper-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a';\n    var swiperElement = document.getElementById(blockId);\n    \n    if (!swiperElement) return;\n\n    var swiper = new Swiper('#' + blockId, {\n        pagination: {\n            el: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-pagination',\n            type: \"fraction\",\n        },\n        navigation: {\n            nextEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-next',\n            prevEl: '#' + blockId + ' .swiper-button-prev',\n        },\n    });\n\n    const flipCards = swiperElement.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n    const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement-block_e736e075f2e1b1dd563cb58d510e651a');\n\n    flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n        flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n            flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n            const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n            \n            if (isFlipped) {\n                announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n            } else {\n                announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n            if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n                event.preventDefault();\n                flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n                const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n                const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n                const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n                \n                if (isFlipped) {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n                } else {\n                    announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n                }\n            }\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n            const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n            announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}. Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n        });\n\n        flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n            announcement.textContent = '';\n        });\n    });\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":27,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-13","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO Pro (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Motivation - Biological, Psychological and Environmental Considerations\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Flashcards - Motivation\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-09-09T11:24:27+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-10-15T08:10:54+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:title\" content=\"Flashcards - Motivation\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"twitter:description\" content=\"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/flashcards\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/flashcards\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Flashcards\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/flashcards\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Flashcards\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Motivation\",\"description\":\"Biological, Psychological and Environmental Considerations\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/flashcards\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/flashcards\\\/\",\"name\":\"Flashcards - Motivation\",\"description\":\"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/flashcards\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-09T11:24:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-10-15T08:10:54+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/\",\"name\":\"Motivation\",\"description\":\"Biological, Psychological and Environmental Considerations\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/routledgelearning.com\\\/motivation\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO Pro -->\r\n\t\t<title>Flashcards - Motivation<\/title>\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"Flashcards - Motivation","description":"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12","canonical_url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/#listItem","name":"Flashcards"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"Flashcards","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/#listItem","name":"Home"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/#organization","name":"Motivation","description":"Biological, Psychological and Environmental Considerations","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/","name":"Flashcards - Motivation","description":"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12","inLanguage":"en-US","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/#breadcrumblist"},"datePublished":"2026-09-09T11:24:27+00:00","dateModified":"2026-10-15T08:10:54+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/#website","url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/","name":"Motivation","description":"Biological, Psychological and Environmental Considerations","inLanguage":"en-US","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/#organization"}}]},"og:locale":"en_US","og:site_name":"Motivation - Biological, Psychological and Environmental Considerations","og:type":"article","og:title":"Flashcards - Motivation","og:description":"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12","og:url":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/","article:published_time":"2026-09-09T11:24:27+00:00","article:modified_time":"2026-10-15T08:10:54+00:00","twitter:card":"summary_large_image","twitter:title":"Flashcards - Motivation","twitter:description":"Chapter 1 Chapter 2Chapter 3Chapter 4Chapter 5Chapter 6Chapter 7Chapter 8Chapter 9Chapter 10Chapter 11Chapter 12 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12"},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"13","title":null,"description":null,"keywords":null,"keyphrases":{"focus":{"keyphrase":"","score":0,"analysis":{"keyphraseInTitle":{"score":0,"maxScore":9,"error":1}}},"additional":[]},"focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null,"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":null,"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"WebPage","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","local_seo":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":{"faqs":[],"keyPoints":[],"schemas":[],"titles":[],"descriptions":[],"socialPosts":{"email":{"subject":"","preview":"","content":""},"linkedin":[],"twitter":[],"facebook":[],"instagram":[]}},"breadcrumb_settings":null,"seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"created":"2026-09-09 11:24:15","updated":"2026-10-15 08:18:39"},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tFlashcards\n<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/"},{"label":"Flashcards","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/flashcards\/"}],"permalink_manager":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/27"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":420,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/13\/revisions\/420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/motivation\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}