{"id":87,"date":"2024-09-19T10:07:55","date_gmt":"2024-09-19T10:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/mediaethics\/?post_type=content&#038;p=87"},"modified":"2026-08-26T13:38:54","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T13:38:54","slug":"chapter-14-violence","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/students\/part-4-entertainment\/chapter-14-violence\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 14: Violence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/students\/\">Students<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/students\/part-4-entertainment\/\">Part 4: Entertainment<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Chapter 14: Violence<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 14: Violence<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Violence is an important part of the media landscape. Despite the aversion of many media consumers to violent media content, it is a part of our culture that we cannot escape or ignore. In this chapter, we consider the use of violence in television programs, films, popular music, comic books, video games, and websites. We discuss many of the ethical and legal issues associated with violent media content and consider some useful guidelines for the proper use of depictions of violence. This chapter will stir up lively discussion and debate by grappling with critical moral and ethical questions regarding the effects of violent media content.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<media-player  load=\"visible\" id=\"vidstack-video-block_c2ae2e5ee9f19478048fe79925504e80\" class=\"vidstack-video\" title=\"Chapter 14 - Video Introduction\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032391397\/Chapter-14-Introduction-Video.mp4\">\n  <media-provider>\n                  <media-poster\n          class=\"vds-poster\"\n          alt=\"\">\n        <\/media-poster>\n\n  <\/media-provider>\n  <media-video-layout><\/media-video-layout>\n  <media-controls class=\"vds-controls\">\n      <media-controls-group class=\"vds-controls-group\"><\/media-controls-group>\n  <\/media-controls>\n<\/media-player>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 14 &#8211; Video Introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/09\/Chapter-14-Introduction-Video-Transcript.docx\" style=\"background-color:#e5d6eb;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;box-shadow:none\">Transcript<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key question for the chapter<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why is there so much violent media content?\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why is there a high degree of public demand and appetite for violence in our culture?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there a way to stop the descent of our media content into entertainment-degradation?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How can we persuade producers seeking the highest ratings with controversial content that challenges moral boundaries to show restraint?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How might we learn to use violent media content responsibly by considering the following questions as guidelines?\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Is the violence gratuitous? You can show that a person was stabbed without showing a drop of blood. Alfred Hitchcock was a master we can learn from.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is the violence rewarded or punished? In the story, are the violent acts shown to be rewarded; or are the negative consequences of violence shown?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there a clear ethical or moral message conveyed through the violence? Does the audience learn an important principle or truth about violence?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can the same message be communicated without the use of violence? Is it necessary to move the narrative forward and create meaning?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 62<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discussion Questions for the <em>13 Reasons<\/em> <em>Why<\/em> Case\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How should parents effectively communicate their concern about the effects of this program to their own children who may be watching it and to the program\u2019s producers?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How should adolescents who are watching this program communicate with adults and teachers about their need to discuss the sensitive issues brought into focus by the program?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the ethical and moral values that both the producers of the program and audiences of the program need to consider?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>13 Reasons Why Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: Adaptation of the novel and controversy\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/collider.com\/13-reasons-why-problems\/\">https:\/\/collider.com\/13-reasons-why-problems\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>13 Reasons Why\u2019 Was One of the Best Book Adaptations, Then It Ruined Everything\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/arts-entertainment\/2019\/08\/26\/reasons-why-has-addressed-some-its-troubling-issues-now-it-has-new-one\/\">https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/arts-entertainment\/2019\/08\/26\/reasons-why-has-addressed-some-its-troubling-issues-now-it-has-new-one\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast); font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system); font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);\">\u201813 Reasons Why\u2019 has addressed some of its troubling issues. Now it has a new one<\/span>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast); font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system); font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);\">Subject: Suicide Contagion<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system); font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);\" href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jonathan-Silk-2\/publication\/321181410_%20Redesigning_%20Care_Using_Design_Thinking_to_Restructure_the_Care_Team\/links\/%205a139d75aca27217b5a3016a\/Redesigning-Care-Using-Design-Thinking-to-Restructure-the-Care-Team.pdf#page=39\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Jonathan-Silk-2\/publication\/321181410_ Redesigning_ Care_Using_Design_Thinking_to_Restructure_the_Care_Team\/links\/ 5a139d75aca27217b5a3016a\/Redesigning-Care-Using-Design-Thinking-to-Restructure-the-Care-Team.pdf#page=39<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Contagion Effect as it Relates to Public Mass Shootings and Suicides\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/tv-and-radio\/2020\/may\/27\/why-suicide-is-still-the-shadow-that-hangs-over-reality-tv-hana-kimura-terrace-house\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/tv-and-radio\/2020\/may\/27\/why-suicide-is-still-the-shadow-that-hangs-over-reality-tv-hana-kimura-terrace-house<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why suicide is still the shadow that hangs over reality TV\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: Televised sexual assault<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system); font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);\" href=\"https:\/\/web.p.ebscohost.com\/ehost\/pdfviewer\/pdfviewer?vid=0&amp;sid=dd64815b-4224-43d5-99d3-b2ccd8cc386e%40redis\">https:\/\/web.p.ebscohost.com\/ehost\/pdfviewer\/pdfviewer?vid=0&amp;sid=dd64815b-4224-43d5-99d3-b2ccd8cc386e%40redis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--base); color: var(--wp--preset--color--contrast); font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--system); font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small);\">Academic Article:&nbsp; Love, Suspense, Sex, and Violence: Men\u2019s and Women\u2019s Film Predilections, Exposure to Sexually Violent Media, and their Relationship to Rape Myth Acceptance<\/span><ul><li><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Sehriban-Kaya\/publication\/336887424_%20Gender_and_%20violence_Rape_as_a_spectacle_on_prime-time_television\/links\/5e7325eaa6fdcc37caf648e2\/%20Gender-and-violence-Rape-as-a-spectacle-on-prime-time-television.pdf\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Sehriban-Kaya\/publication\/336887424_ Gender_and_ violence_Rape_as_a_spectacle_on_prime-time_television\/links\/5e7325eaa6fdcc37caf648e2\/ Gender-and-violence-Rape-as-a-spectacle-on-prime-time-television.pdf<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gender and violence: Rape as a spectacle on prime-time television\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>2847-9508-1-PB%20(2).pdf<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 63<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discussion Questions for the Violence-Centered Case\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Was Oliver Stone a good choice for a filmmaker to direct <em>World Trade Center<\/em>? What skills and experiences did he bring to the table from his craft that served him well in this project?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Did this film portray violence in a responsible manner? Why or why not?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What are the competing ethical and moral values that should be considered when evaluating the effects of this film on its audience?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Violence-Centered Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: <em>World Trade Center<\/em> by Oliver Stone\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZgY_n8QYeOo\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZgY_n8QYeOo<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Film Classic Trailer\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yn1vFgfUMls\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yn1vFgfUMls<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Interview with Nicolas Cage &amp; Oliver Stone\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: The Film <em>Schindler\u2019s List<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weblink to 25<sup>th<\/sup> Anniversary Trailer<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mxphAlJID9U\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=mxphAlJID9U<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: Violence in Hollywood Films\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1071054\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1071054<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Violence and its injury consequences in American movies: A public health perspective<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 64<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discussion Questions for the Comics for Big Kids Case\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why are violent and sexually explicit comics like <em>Nemesis, Flesh Gordon, King Pin, <\/em>and <em>Evil Ernie <\/em>not restricted to adults only like most violent and pornographic media content?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What is the ethical problem with providing violent comic books to target adolescent boys with repressed anger so they can see characters act out their aggressions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do the imaginative stimulations of violent and sexually explicit comics help or hurt a reader\u2019s ability to responsibly interact with neighbors, friends, and family members?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comics for Big Kids Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: <em>Nemesis <\/em>comics series\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marvel.com\/comics\/characters\/1011086\/nemesis\">https:\/\/www.marvel.com\/comics\/characters\/1011086\/nemesis<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: <em>Nemesis <\/em>comics reviews\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.multiversitycomics.com\/reviews\/nemesis\/\">http:\/\/www.multiversitycomics.com\/reviews\/nemesis\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cNemesis\u201d review by <a href=\"http:\/\/www.multiversitycomics.com\/author\/cegan\/\">Christopher Egan<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/attackongeek.com\/nemesis-review-the-anti-hero-youll-hate-to-love\/\">https:\/\/attackongeek.com\/nemesis-review-the-anti-hero-youll-hate-to-love\/<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nemesis Review: The Anti-Hero You\u2019ll Hate To Love<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: <em>Flesh Gordon<\/em> Comics\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/flashbak.com\/flesh-gordon-saving-earth-from-planet-pornos-emperor-wang-and-his-evil-sex-ray-431378\/\">https:\/\/flashbak.com\/flesh-gordon-saving-earth-from-planet-pornos-emperor-wang-and-his-evil-sex-ray-431378\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u2018Flesh Gordon\u2019: Saving Earth from Planet Porno\u2019s Emperor Wang and his Evil Sex Ray<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject:&nbsp; Sample Issues\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/comicvine.gamespot.com\/flesh-gordon\/4050-28953\/\">https:\/\/comicvine.gamespot.com\/flesh-gordon\/4050-28953\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: Ernie Evil Comics\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/comicvine.gamespot.com\/evil-ernie\/4005-41579\/\">https:\/\/comicvine.gamespot.com\/evil-ernie\/4005-41579\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evil Ernie: The undead anti-villain on a quest to save his love in exchange for our lives.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 65<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discussion Questions for the Video Games Changes the Rules Case\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Have you ever played the video game <em>Grand Theft Auto <\/em>or interacted with acquaintances, friends, and family members who have played this game? What do you think the motivation is for entering into such a violent world?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does <em>Grand Theft Auto <\/em>portray women and is this portrayal morally sound?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What might be the unintended consequences of the <em>World of Warcraft <\/em>players who video-recorded their online attack of a funeral service for an actual player who had passed away?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Video Gaming Changing the Rules Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: Grand Theft Auto Synopsis\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.svg.com\/169870\/the-entire-gta-5-story-explained\/\">https:\/\/www.svg.com\/169870\/the-entire-gta-5-story-explained\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Entire GTA 5 Story Explained<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject Grand Theft Auto Controversy\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/screenrant.com\/grand-theft-auto-gta-series-controversy-explained-why\/\">https:\/\/screenrant.com\/grand-theft-auto-gta-series-controversy-explained-why\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why The Grand Theft Auto Series Is So Controversial<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject:&nbsp; <a>Video Game Play in Adolescents<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1089\/cyber.2020.0049?journalCode=cyber\">https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1089\/cyber.2020.0049?journalCode=cyber<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/doi\/full\/10.1089\/cyber.2020.0049\">Growing Up with Grand Theft Auto: A 10-Year Study of Longitudinal Growth of Violent<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29535447\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/29535447\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does playing violent video games cause aggression? A longitudinal intervention study<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: <em>Fallout Las Vegas<\/em> videogame\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/fallout.fandom.com\/wiki\/Great_War\">https:\/\/fallout.fandom.com\/wiki\/Great_War<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overview and Prelude<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: Violent videogame effects and ethics\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/christopherjferguson.com\/videometa2.pdf\">https:\/\/christopherjferguson.com\/videometa2.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Good, The Bad and the Ugly: A Meta-analytic Review of Positive and Negative Effects of Violent Video Games<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/irep.ntu.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/26833\/1\/PubSub4166_Young.pdf\">https:\/\/irep.ntu.ac.uk\/id\/eprint\/26833\/1\/PubSub4166_Young.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Violent video games and morality: A meta-ethical approach<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 66<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Discussion Questions for the Porn as Innocent Pleasure Case\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why is the extensive availability of online porn worldwide weakening the moral fabric of societies that allow its easy access?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why do studies show heavy porn consumption leads to sexual dysfunction and discontent?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why is mediated sex an unsatisfying illusion that can never lead to the fulfillment of an authentic and committed romantic relationship?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Porn as Innocent Pleasure Case<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Subject: Harmful effects of pornography\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/experimentations\/201803\/4-ways-porn-use-causes-problems\">https:\/\/www.psychologytoday.com\/us\/blog\/experimentations\/201803\/4-ways-porn-use-causes-problems<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>4 Ways Porn Use Causes Problems<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27114191\/\">https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/27114191\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pornography Addiction in Adults: A Systematic Review of Definitions and Reported Impact<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/harmful-content-online\">https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/harmful-content-online<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protection of children from the harmful impacts of pornography<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/research-details-pornographys-harmful-effects-women-society\">https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/news\/accountability\/research-details-pornographys-harmful-effects-women-society<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Research details pornography&#8217;s harmful effects to women, society<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Subject: Pornography and ethics\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40429-021-00388-2\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s40429-021-00388-2<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Religion, Morality, Ethics, and Problematic Pornography Use<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/349422389_THE_ETHICAL_IMPLICATIONS_OF_PORNOGRAPHY_FOR_YOUTHS\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/349422389_THE_ETHICAL_IMPLICATIONS_OF_PORNOGRAPHY_FOR_YOUTHS<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ethical Implications of Pornography for Youths<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Violence is an important part of the media landscape. 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