{"id":41,"date":"2024-08-22T13:17:48","date_gmt":"2024-08-22T13:17:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/mediaethics\/?post_type=content&#038;p=41"},"modified":"2026-08-26T13:36:06","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T13:36:06","slug":"chapter-1-institutional-pressures","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/students\/part-1-news\/chapter-1-institutional-pressures\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 1: Institutional Pressures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/students\/\">Students<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/students\/part-1-news\/\">Part 1: News<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Chapter 1: Institutional Pressures<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:60%\"><h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 1: Institutional Pressures<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This chapter focuses on the ethical issues that arise with the business demands in the news media industry. The five cases in this chapter demonstrate how media practitioners are often caught in conflicting duties to their employers, to their readers or viewers, and to their own professional conscience. They illustrate some of the conundrums that occur regularly in today\u2019s news business. This chapter features cases that discuss HuffPost\u2019s business model, the mental and physical crises journalism professionals are facing worldwide, lessons from Philadelphia Inquirer\u2019s bankruptcy, the issue of paid journalism worldwide, and the impact of AI-powered tools such as ChatGPT on journalism.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<media-player  load=\"visible\" id=\"vidstack-video-block_2f4b35130ea1a5363bc4b0f001250595\" class=\"vidstack-video\" title=\"Chapter 1 Video introduction\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032391397\/Chapter-01-Video-Introduction.mp4\">\n  <media-provider>\n                  <track src=\"Video Subtitles URL\" kind=\"subtitles\" srclang=\"en\" label=\"English\">\n                        <media-poster\n          class=\"vds-poster\"\n          alt=\"\">\n        <\/media-poster>\n\n  <\/media-provider>\n  <media-video-layout><\/media-video-layout>\n  <media-controls class=\"vds-controls\">\n      <media-controls-group class=\"vds-controls-group\"><\/media-controls-group>\n  <\/media-controls>\n<\/media-player>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chapter 1 Video introduction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/mediaethics\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/20\/2024\/09\/Chapter-01-Video-Introduction-Transcript.docx\" style=\"background-color:#e5d6eb;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;box-shadow:none\">Transcript<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What dangers can exist in a job market that highly encourages freelance work over salaried positions?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are there times when &#8220;barriers to entry&#8221; can be beneficial in who is allowed to cover certain news topics? If so, how can that be determined?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Article from the Columbia Journalism Review around the time of HuffPost\u2019s decision to pay writers\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.natja.org\/about-us\/code-of-ethics\/#:~:text=As%20a%20writer%2C%20author%2C%20editor,of%20journalism%20across%20the%20industry\">https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/analysis\/so-now-huffpost-decides-to-pay-writers-its-effect-on-the-industry-still-lingers.php#:~:text=As%20a%20writer%2C%20author%2C%20editor,of%20journalism%20across%20the%20industry<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8221; Competing For Views W\/ Shane Madej &amp; Ryan Bergara &#8211; The TryPod Ep. 111\u201d<ul><li>Podcast episode where three former Buzzfeed employees discuss conditions there, and why it was eventually unsustainable.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/news\/chatgpt-threat-or-opportunity-journalism-five-ai-experts-weigh?si=pkBOwxzW0L8s90vv\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/edVh2GkZ0fY?si=pkBOwxzW0L8s90vv<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Article about \u201cpayment in exposure\u201d and how it is unsustainable for workers\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theringer.com\/2022\/2\/28\/22954395\/just-like-us-episode-4-tmz-harvey-levin\">https:\/\/thecreativelife.net\/exposure-doesnt-pay-the-bills\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HuffPost website\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\">https:\/\/www.huffpost.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How might the quality and quantity of news coverage change as increased financial stresses are applied to individual journalists?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Think about other high-stress professions (doctors, nurses, EMTs, teachers). How are these stresses the same or different?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What support do you think journalists should be provided with? By whom?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Soledad O\u2019Brien on leaving broadcast journalism\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/6ysdXcdKy-4?si=XxkiiYPfDgoWKea_\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/KDxhrYkJrtU?si=XxkiiYPfDgoWKea_<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Article on why journalists are leaving the profession from Aug. 31, 2023\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cjr.org\/analysis\/so-now-huffpost-decides-to-pay-writers-its-effect-on-the-industry-still-lingers.php\">https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/news\/spell-broken-five-burned-out-journalists-why-they-left-their-dream-jobs<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>United Nations\u2019 Office of the High Commissioner webpage around the execution of Jamal Khashoggi\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/edVh2GkZ0fY\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/special-procedures\/sr-executions\/inquiry-killing-mr-jamal-kashoggi<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What are some challenges that can arise when large corporations or media conglomerates purchase smaller, local papers?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How can public affairs and government reporting survive and adapt to the new media age?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Philadelphia Inquirer Bankruptcy filings\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/thecreativelife.net\/exposure-doesnt-pay-the-bills\/\">https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/in-re-phila-newspapers-llc<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NPR article about \u201cNews Deserts\u201d from April 6, 2023\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch\">https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/04\/06\/1168488156\/the-fate-of-local-news-americas-largest-newspaper-company-is-creating-news-deser<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AP News article on the raid of the Marion County Record\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/fact-checking\/2023\/chatgpt-build-fake-news-organization-website\/\">https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/marion-county-record-kansas-newspaper-raid-f1e49c4e542ddb3cf19c9ca02a0a21fb<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How visible should disclaimers be that state an article or story is a paid advertisement?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does it depend on the product or situation?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Should online personalities (bloggers, YouTubers, TikTok stars, etc.) be subject to the same standards that journalists are for &#8220;paid stories&#8221;?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>TMZ: The Death of Kobe and Gianna Bryant<ul><li>Original TMZ report:<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/news\/spell-broken-five-burned-out-journalists-why-they-left-their-dream-jobs\">https:\/\/www.tmz.com\/2020\/01\/26\/kobe-bryant-killed-dead-helicopter-crash-in-calabasas\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Analysis of TMZ\u2019s reporting<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/special-procedures\/sr-executions\/inquiry-killing-mr-jamal-kashoggi\">https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/entertainment\/media\/2020\/01\/27\/kobe-bryant-tmz-death-media-coverage-reminder-right-reporting-first\/4585142002\/<\/a><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Information regarding TMZ\u2019s \u201cpaid stories\u201d policies<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.huffpost.com\/\">https:\/\/www.theringer.com\/2022\/2\/28\/22954395\/just-like-us-episode-4-tmz-harvey-levin<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>YouTube Creators: Branded Content\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/apnews.com\/article\/marion-county-record-kansas-newspaper-raid-f1e49c4e542ddb3cf19c9ca02a0a21fb?si=7SmJpFchinOgDZgJ\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/6ysdXcdKy-4?si=7SmJpFchinOgDZgJ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>North American Travel Journalist Code of Ethics\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.azcentral.com\/story\/entertainment\/media\/2020\/01\/27\/kobe-bryant-tmz-death-media-coverage-reminder-right-reporting-first\/4585142002\/\">https:\/\/www.natja.org\/about-us\/code-of-ethics\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Case 5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Discussion Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>ChatGPT and other generative AI systems are treated and regarded differently among different professions. While academics might be concerned about academic dishonesty and stolen work, other industries might have no problem with using a text generation software to quickly write out text.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Is there a middle-ground for the use of text-based generative AI? If so, where?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Weblinks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reuters: ChatGPT and the future of Journalism<ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/casetext.com\/case\/in-re-phila-newspapers-llc\">https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/news\/chatgpt-threat-or-opportunity-journalism-five-ai-experts-weigh<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/2023\/04\/06\/1168488156\/the-fate-of-local-news-americas-largest-newspaper-company-is-creating-news-deser\">https:\/\/reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk\/news\/ai-and-journalism-whats-next<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AP News: AI and the Future of Journalism Video\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/KDxhrYkJrtU?v=d08-IgGt39k\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=d08-IgGt39k<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Poynter: AI and Fake Newspapers\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.tmz.com\/2020\/01\/26\/kobe-bryant-killed-dead-helicopter-crash-in-calabasas\/\">https:\/\/www.poynter.org\/fact-checking\/2023\/chatgpt-build-fake-news-organization-website\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This chapter focuses on the ethical issues that arise with the business demands in the news media industry. 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