{"id":260,"date":"2026-01-09T08:34:50","date_gmt":"2026-01-09T08:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/interpersonalcomm\/?post_type=content&#038;p=260"},"modified":"2026-08-21T09:20:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-21T09:20:00","slug":"chapter-9","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/interpersonalcomm\/chapter-resources\/chapter-9\/","title":{"rendered":"<span>Chapter 9:<\/span> Communication in Families"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-dc91db0a4896c83fa11d8042bf2f7caf has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#ce6857;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/interpersonalcomm\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/interpersonalcomm\/chapter-resources\/\">Chapter Resources<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\"><span>Chapter 9:<\/span> Communication in Families<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><h2 style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\" class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title has-large-font-size\"><span>Chapter 9:<\/span> Communication in Families<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Families take different forms and fulfill important functions, including socialization, cultural transmission, and the provision of support and affection. This chapter examines components that make up a family system and how family systems can vary. Delving into family communication patterns, including different types of families, how people manage communication boundaries, and the special case of family secrets, further reveals nuanced features of families. The chapter concludes with the interpersonal communication challenges that can arise from three transitions in the family lifespan: the transition to parenthood, the transition of children to adulthood, and the maturing family. This chapter offers suggestions for using interpersonal communication to strengthen family bonds, fine-tuning family systems, and coping with the ways families change over time.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_HDYR.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-45\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;width:40px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_HDYR.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_HDYR-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-how-do-you-rate-15\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Do You Rate?<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a788f6d8 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#faf2d4;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<p class=\"alignwide wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Try the interactive activity below, or download the form for an accessible and printable version.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons alignwide is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fse-isr-plus-2025-flat-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/HDYR-chapter9.zip\" style=\"background-color:#e4bca3;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Download all <em>How Do You Rate?<\/em> assessment forms (zip 66KB)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-hdyr-scale-9-1-overparenting-13\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">HDYR Scale 9.1: Overparenting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-vertical is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-431b1423 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#f1f5f6;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e19a3441029f99487ac4a1576adf61cc has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2a973b5d wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:-25px;margin-bottom:-25px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-multiple-choice\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-extra-small-font-size\">Questionnaire<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#d5e3fa;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">The content for this section has not been posted yet and is coming soon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-hdyr-scale-9-2-family-communication-patterns-19\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">HDYR Scale 9.2: Family Communication Patterns<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-vertical is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-431b1423 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"background-color:#f1f5f6;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-color has-black-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-e19a3441029f99487ac4a1576adf61cc has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-2a973b5d wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:-25px;margin-bottom:-25px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 id=\"aioseo-multiple-choice\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-extra-small-font-size\">Questionnaire<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#d5e3fa;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">The content for this section has not been posted yet and is coming soon.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_CIA.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-46\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;width:40px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_CIA.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_CIA-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-communication-in-action-27\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Communication In Action<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fse-isr-plus-2025-flat-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/CIA-chapter9.zip\" style=\"background-color:#e4bca3;padding-top:0;padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:0;padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Download all <em>Communication in Action<\/em> forms (zip 45KB)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/CIA-09-1.docx\" title=\"CIA-09-1\">Download CIA Form 9.1: <em>Mapping Your Family System<\/em> (docx 28KB)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/CIA-09-2.docx\" title=\"CIA-09-2\">Download CIA Form 9.2: <em>Evaluate Your Family Secrets<\/em> (docx 27KB)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"200\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_CWT.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-47\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;width:40px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_CWT.jpg 200w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon_CWT-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-connect-with-theory-19\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Connect with Theory<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Connect with Theory 9.1: Family Communication Patterns Theory<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Family communication patterns theory<\/strong> (FCPT) describes how families vary in the ways members interact and engage with one another, and it highlights the implications of such relatively stable communication styles for family functioning and child development. FCPT in its current formulation was proposed by Mary Ann Fitzpatrick and her colleagues in the 1990s, but the theory has its roots in media effects research from the 1970s, when researchers sought to understand how families process and make sense of external information, primarily television programming and other media messages. It was believed that for families to effectively coordinate their behaviors and function as a group, a sense of shared social reality is needed; that is, members need to possess adequate knowledge about one another\u2019s attitudes and beliefs and share those beliefs to some degree. To achieve a shared social reality, researchers proposed that families can adopt two strategies: one is through members jointly discussing the object, while the other relies on having one family member defining that object for the rest. These two strategies were later reconceptualized as <em>conversation orientation<\/em> and <em>conformity orientation<\/em> in the FCPT, respectively. Furthermore, the FCPT proposes that conversation and conformity orientations interact with each other such that the impact of one orientation is dependent on the degree of the other orientation of the family. Thus, the two dimensions and their interaction result in four family types: consensual, pluralistic, protective, and laissez-faire. Research employing the FCPT has accumulated ample evidence of its ability to predict and explain a wide array of child-related outcomes, including adolescent sexual decision making (Hurst et al., 2022), political participation (Graham et al., 2020), and relationship maintenance behavior in friendship (Ledbetter, 2009). Research has also investigated specific family processes and interpersonal behaviors that mediate the effects of conversation and conformity orientations on family member outcomes, such as parental confirmation (Schrodt et al., 2007) and parent-adolescent understanding (Sillars et al., 2005).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>References and other suggested readings:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2004). Family communication patterns theory: Observations on its development and application. <em>Journal of Family communication, 4<\/em>(3\u20134), 167\u2013179. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15267431.2004.9670129\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15267431.2004.9670129<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Graham, E. E., Tang, T., &amp; Mahoney, L. M. (2020). Family matters: A functional model of family communication patterns and political participation. <em>Communication Studies, 71<\/em>(2), 262\u2013279. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10510974.2020.1726426\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10510974.2020.1726426<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hesse, C., Rauscher, E. A., Goodman, R. B., &amp; Couvrette, M. A. (2017). Reconceptualizing the role of conformity behaviors in family communication patterns theory. <em>Journal of Family Communication, 17<\/em>(4), 319\u2013337. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15267431.2017.1347568\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15267431.2017.1347568<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hurst, J. L., Widman, L., Maheux, A. J., Evans-Paulson, R., Brasileiro, J., &amp; Lipsey, N. (2022). Parent-child communication and adolescent sexual decision making: An application of family communication patterns theory. <em>Journal of Family Psychology, 36<\/em>(3), 449\u2013457. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/fam0000916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/fam0000916<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ledbetter, A. M. (2009). Family communication patterns and relational maintenance behavior: Direct and mediated associations with friendship closeness. <em>Human Communication Research, 35(<\/em>1), 130\u2013147. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2008.01341.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2008.01341.x<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Schrodt, P., Ledbetter, A. M., &amp; Ohrt, J. K. (2007). Parental confirmation and affection as mediators of family communication patterns and children\u2019s mental well-being.<em> Journal of Family Communication, 7<\/em>, 23\u201346. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15267430709336667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15267430709336667<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; Sillars, A., Koerner, A. F., &amp; Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2005). Communication and understanding in parent-adolescent relationships. <em>Human Communication Research, 31<\/em>, 103\u2013128. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2005.tb00866.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2958.2005.tb00866.x<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary><strong>Connect with Theory 9.2: Communication Privacy Management Theory<\/strong><\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Communication privacy management theory<\/strong> explains how people control and manage the risks associated with self-disclosure about private information. The theory focuses on three main elements that illustrate how people set up boundaries surrounding personal and sensitive information: privacy ownership, privacy control, and privacy turbulence. First, we think that our private information is our own, and we get to decide with whom that information is shared. When we grant other people access to our private information, they become authorized co-owners of that information. Second, the theory suggests that we want to have control over our private information. By creating privacy rules, such as who is allowed to co-own our private information, what aspects of the information that co-owners are allowed to share with others, and how the information is framed, people are better able to control their private information. Third, the theory argues that privacy turbulence occurs when there is a privacy breakdown (e.g., a secret got out) that forces co-owners of information to re-negotiate boundary management. Bute and Brann (2015) used the framework of communication privacy management theory to examine how married couples jointly manage miscarriage information, and how they negotiate privacy rules about disclosing their loss to their social network members. Pederson and McLaren (2016) explored the process by which people who had experienced a hurtful event managed that information with personal network members. By establishing rules for sharing information, managing privacy boundaries, and navigating privacy turbulence, the theory illustrates the ways in which people protect and manage private information.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>References and other suggested readings:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bute, J. J., &amp; Brann, M. (2015). Co-ownership of private information in the miscarriage context. <em>Journal of Applied Communication Research, 43(<\/em>1), 23\u201343. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00909882.2014.982686\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00909882.2014.982686<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kennedy-Lightsey, C. D., Martin, M. M., Thompson, M., Himes, K. L., &amp; Clingerman, B. Z. (2012). Communication privacy management theory: Exploring coordination and ownership between friends. <em>Communication Quarterly, 60<\/em>(5), 665\u2013680. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01463373.2012.725004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01463373.2012.725004&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pederson, J. R., &amp; McLaren, R. M. (2016). Managing information following hurtful experiences: How personal network members negotiate private information. <em>Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 33<\/em>(7), 961\u2013983. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177%2F0265407515612242\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0265407515612242<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Petronio, S. (1991). Communication boundary management: A theoretical model of managing disclosure of private information between marital couples. <em>Communication Theory, 1<\/em>(4), 311\u2013355. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468-2885.1991.tb00023.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1468\u20132885.1991.tb00023.x<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Petronio, S. (2010). Communication privacy management theory: What do we know about family privacy regulation?. <em>Journal of family theory &amp; review, 2<\/em>(3), 175\u2013196. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1756-2589.2010.00052.x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1756-2589.2010.00052.x<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Petronio, S., &amp; Child, J. T. (2020). Conceptualization and operationalization: Utility of communication privacy management theory. <em>Current Opinion in Psychology, 31<\/em>, 76\u201382. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.08.009\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2019.08.009<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Petronio, S., Child, J. T., &amp; Hall, R. D. (2021). Communication privacy management theory: Significance for interpersonal communication. In <em>Engaging theories in interpersonal communication <\/em>(pp. 314\u2013327). Routledge. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003195511-28\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003195511-28<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp; Smith, S. A., &amp; Brunner, S. R. (2017). To reveal or conceal: Using communication privacy management theory to understand disclosures in the workplace. <em>Management Communication Quarterly, 31<\/em>(3), 429\u2013446. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0893318917692896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0893318917692896<\/a><\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-4805a82d wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized has-custom-border\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"74\" height=\"74\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/46\/icon-FLASH.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-409\" style=\"border-top-left-radius:4px;border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px;width:40px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"aioseo-flashcards-21\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Flashcards<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Boundary Turbulence<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Difficulty managing privacy that results from ambiguous or violated rules for sharing personal information. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Closed Families<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families that discourage participation in activities and relationships outside the family.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Conformity Orientation<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The extent to which the family encourages members to have similar attitudes, beliefs, and values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Consensual Families<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families whose members use open communication to coordinate activities around a united family front.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Conversation Orientation<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The extent to which a family encourages communication about a wide variety <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Disengaged System<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families with rigid boundaries that promote the independence of members or subsystems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Enmeshed Systems<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families that prioritize closeness among members rather than rigid boundaries between members or subsystems.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Estrangement<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>When one person voluntarily and intentionally limits contact with one or more family members.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Family<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A network of people who create a sense of home, share a collective identity, experience a common history, and envision a similar future.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Family Secrets<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Information that family members hide from one another or from outsiders.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Family Socialization<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The process by which parents teach their children behaviors that are appropriate, expected moral or polite.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Laissez-faire Families<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families in which members have little contact with one another and aren\u2019t expected to share a similar point of view.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Open Families<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families that encourage experiences outside of the family and integrate those experiences into family life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Overparenting <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Actions by parents that are inappropriately controlling or protective, given their child\u2019s abilities. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Pluralistic Family<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families whose members are encouraged to express individuality and embrace differences.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Protective Family<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Families whose members do not communicate freely, discourage differences, and respect authority.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Subsystems<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Relationships that are formed between just a few members of the larger system.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>System<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A bounded set of objects that interrelate with one another to form a whole.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Transition to Adulthood<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The period in life when people explore and affirm their identity as an adult.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Transmission<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The teaching of cultural practices from one generation to the next.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    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