{"id":730,"date":"2025-10-21T07:43:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-21T07:43:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/internationalhistory20c\/?post_type=content&#038;p=730"},"modified":"2026-08-26T13:46:28","modified_gmt":"2026-08-26T13:46:28","slug":"1950-1999","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/timeline\/1950-1999\/","title":{"rendered":"1950 \u2013 1999: The Space Age"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#dae9e0;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-54d22900 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/\">Students<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/timeline\/\">Timeline<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">1950 \u2013 1999: The Space Age<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\"><h1 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title has-large-font-size\">1950 \u2013 1999: The Space Age<\/h1>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Technology, Liberation, and Global Connection<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The latter half of the 20th century witnessed humanity&#8217;s greatest technological leaps while social movements fought for equality and justice. The Cold War defined international relations as digital technology began transforming daily life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Milestone Achievements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list check-list\">\n<li>Space exploration reaches the moon<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Civil rights movements advance equality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Personal computers enter homes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internet connects the global community<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Berlin Wall falls, ending Cold War division<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This era bridged the industrial and digital ages, creating the interconnected world we know today while expanding human rights and freedoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\">There are 537 entries in this timeline<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide timeline-container is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Korean War begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Britain and India recognize the PRC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC and the USSR recognize the Viet Minh regime<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kim Il-Sung lobbies Stalin to approve a DPRK attack on the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC and the USSR sign a treaty of alliance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Secretary of State Dean Acheson indicates that the United States is not committed to the defence of the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The United States begins military aid to France in Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1950 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The long US involvement in Vietnam was initiated in 1950, influenced by US shock at the Communist takeover of China.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The DPRK launches the Korean War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">North Korean aggression increased the risk of superpower confrontation in the Cold War.  The rapid overrunning of South Korea was halted by US intervention, with General MacArthur landing at Inchon and pushing north to the Yalu River.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The United Nations calls on its members to support the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The United States places its 7th Fleet in the Taiwan Straits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UN forces cross the 38th parallel and invade the DPRK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC enters the Korean War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1950 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US actions in the Korean War brought China into the conflict, fearing US forces on its northern border.  The Chinese counterattack pushed UN forces south to the center of Korea, the war descending into a stalemate.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US aid for the French military effort in Vietnam begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The long US involvement in Vietnam was initiated in 1950, influenced by US shock at the Communist takeover of China.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nehru refuses to attend the Baguio Conference in the Philippines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Creation of the Colombo Plan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The DPRK launches the Korean War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kim Il-Sung lobbies Stalin to approve a DPRK invasion of the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC and the USSR sign a treaty of alliance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1950 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">China feared the US might support the GMD in an attempt to overthrow the CCP and sought out Soviet assistance.  The alliance allowed China to intervene in the Korean War, entangling the US in Asia without risking a direct confrontation with the Soviet Union.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The DPRK launches the Korean War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The United States places its 7th Fleet in the Taiwan Straits<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UN forces cross the 38th parallel and invade the DPRK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1950 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US invasion of North Korea heightened Chinese suspicions of US intentions and raised the spectre of a simultaneous invasion from Korea, Taiwan and Indochina.  In response, China directly intervened in the conflict, leading to stalemate.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC enters the Korean War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The United States, Britain and France sign the Tripartite Agreement committing them to arm neither Israel nor the Arabs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Schuman Declaration prompting negotiations to establish the ECSC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1950<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1950<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Council of Europe issues the &#8216;European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1950 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">ECSC formed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1951<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">ANZUS formed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">President Truman dismisses General MacArthur as US commander in Korea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of cease-fire talks in Korea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">San Francisco Peace Conference ends state of war with Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US peace with Japan was accompanied by a security treaty allowing eventual Japanese rearmament, and providing Japan with a larger role in regional stability.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US\u2013Japanese Security Treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US\u2013Philippines and ANZUS Security Treaties signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the wake of the Korean War, the US initiated a series of diplomatic initiatives to defend the region against Communist threats, including ANZUS, SEATO and treaties with the Philippines, Japan and South Korea.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">India refuses to sign the San Francisco peace treaty with Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">San Francisco Peace Conference ends state of war with Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US peace with Japan was accompanied by a security treaty allowing eventual Japanese rearmament, and providing Japan with a larger role in regional stability.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US\u2013Japanese Security Treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of cease-fire talks in Korea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nkrumah&#8217;s Convention People&#8217;s Party wins the legislative elections in the Gold Coast and he is made first minister<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Assassination of King Abdullah of Jordan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">An army coup in Egypt overthrows King Farouk<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of the ECSC Treaty in Paris<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Coal and Steel Community harnessed German industry to France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxemburg, and Italy.  Coal and steel production was necessary for post-war reconstruction of Europe, and the organization allowed the rebuilding of German industry without the danger of further conflict with France.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1951<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The UNGA adopts the &#8216;UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1951 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1952<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">American\u2013Japanese Administrative Agreement signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1952 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1952<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japan recognizes the ROC as the government of China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1952 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1952<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japan regains full sovereignty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1952 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1952<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Foundation of Hizbut Tahrir in East Jerusalem<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1952<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Stalin dies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The death of Stalin marked a thaw in the Cold War, as potential successors maneuvered for power.  The death of Stalin and election of Eisenhower provided an opportunity for improved relations, but the eventual consolidation of power by Khrushchev ended the transitionary period.  During the thaw, a settlement of the Korean War, Vietnamese War, and Austrian statehood were all achieved.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Joseph Stalin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of Korean War armistice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of US\u2013ROK Security Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of Korean War armistice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of US\u2013ROK Security Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Joseph Stalin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of Korean War armistice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1953 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Overthrow of Mussadiq regime in Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1953 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The overthrow of Mussadiq with CIA support undermined the credibility of the Shah&#8217;s government in Iran.  Subsequent Iranian reforms by the Shah were tainted by his dependence on western support.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">SEATO formed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1954<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Convening of Geneva Conference which fails to reach a permanent settlement for Korea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of first Quemoy\u2013Matsu incident<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of SEATO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of US\u2013ROC Security Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">French defeat at Dien Bien Phu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decisive French defeat in Vietnam heralds the end of the French phase of the conflict.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Geneva Accords 1954<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The death of Stalin brought a thaw in East\u2013West relations, contributing to the 1954 Geneva Accords.  The Accords called for the temporary division of Vietnam into northern and southern halves until elections in 1956.  Laos and Cambodia were separated from Indochina as monarchies.  Ultimately, South Vietnam refused to participate in the 1956 elections.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Founding of SEATO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1954<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sino-Indian border treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Colombo conference leads to announcement of decision to convene African\u2013Asian Conference in the following year<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of Self-Defence Force in Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of US\u2013ROC Security Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fall of Yoshida from power<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Convening of Geneva Conference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First Quemoy\u2013Matsu crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">CIA helps to overthrow the Arbenz government in Guatemala<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US fears of Communist influence and nationalization of fruit company property led to US assistance in coup.  The coup further embitters Latin Americans against US interference and influences the later Castro regime to seek Soviet support.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of Algerian War of Independence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1954 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">France considered Algeria an integral part of the nation, thus would not recognize independence, starting a long fratricidal conflict.  Like the war in Indochina, France believed that it could not retreat without losing political status, thus engaged in long and costly struggles.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Lavon Affair in which Israeli agents attack western property in Egypt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1954 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">General Nasser becomes president of Egypt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1954 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ascendance of Nasser placed a charismatic leader at the head of Egypt, seeking Arab unity and Arab socialism.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1954<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Western European Union formed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1954<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Warsaw Pact formed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">EEC established (Rome Treaty)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Geneva summit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South Vietnam becomes the Republic of Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Convening of Bandung Conference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1955 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Summit of newly independent African and Asian states attempted to create a co-ordinated position against imperialism, ultimately leading to policy of non-alignment.  This differed from European neutrality in allowing security agreements while avoiding commitments to the superpowers, thus protecting newly-won sovereignty.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Return of sovereignty to Austria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1955 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Austria adopted a policy of neutrality in the  Cold War in return for an end to post-war occupation.  Neutrality as pursued by European states sought to avoid political entanglement with either superpower bloc, for a variety of local reasons.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nehru visit to the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japan enters GATT although the states of Western Europe refuse to extend full MFN rights to it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Socialist factions in Japan merge to create JSP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Conservative parties in Japan merge to form the LDP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Mao pushes for collectivization of agriculture in the PRC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kim Il-Sung introduces idea of &#8216;juche&#8217; (self-reliance)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Juan Peron overthrown in a coup in Argentina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Israel launches large-scale raid on Gaza<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of Egyptian\u2013Czech arms deal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1955 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1955<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of talks on the formation of the EEC and EURATOM<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1955<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Hungarian Revolution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1956<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Suez Crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1956<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nehru, Tito and Nasser meet at Brioni in Yugoslavia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sukarno visit to the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Suez crisis and Soviet intervention in Hungary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October-November 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japan normalizes relations with the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japan enters the United Nations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Khrushchev&#8217;s &#8216;de-Stalination&#8217; speech to the CPSU 20th Congress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1956 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Krushchev&#8217;s denunciation of Stalinist policy, as well as calls for peaceful co-existence in Europe, provided a pretext to Chinese leadership for further divergence of Chinese policy from the Soviet Union.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet intervention in Hungary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nicaraguan Dictator Anastasio Somoza assassinated<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1956<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">France grants independence to Morocco and Tunisia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Suez Crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October-November 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The United States reneges on its agreement to fund the Aswan Dam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Egypt nationalizes the Suez Canal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1956 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The nationalization of the Suez Canal occurred as a result of breakdown in relations between Egypt and the west over a number of issues, including Egyptian support for Algerian independence and arms deals with the Eastern bloc.   Following US cancellation of funding for the Aswan Dam, Nasser nationalized the canal, threatening western interests in the trade route to Asia.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Egypt closes the Straits of Tiran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Britain, France and Israel collude to attack Egypt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1956 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In response to deteriorating relations, Britain, France and Israel jointly plan attacks on Egypt, seizing the Sinai Peninsula and the Suez Canal.  The US, having not been consulted in advance, angrily denounced the action and pressured the invaders to end the war.   The resulting decline of French and British influence in the region in turn created a vacuum, with the superpowers increasing their role.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Israeli invasion of the Sinai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Britain and France intervene to &#8216;preserve&#8217; the security of the Suez Canal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1956<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US pressure forces Britain, France and Israel to suspend military operations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1956 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sputnik launched<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soviet success in launching the first artificial satellite spurred US fears of technological decline, later followed in the 1960 election with claims of a &#8216;missile gap&#8217;.  The Soviets gained a propaganda coup, although US technology rapidly surpassed the Soviets in the 1960s with the race to the moon.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Independence of Ghana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1957 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ghana was the first sub-Saharan African state to gain independence from the colonial powers, with a pan-African policy pursued by Kwame Nkrumah.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Formation of Kishi government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1957 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Launch of the Hundred Flowers movement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1957 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Launch of the Anti-Rightist campaign in China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1957 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR promises to help the PRC develop an atomic bomb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1957 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">&#8216;Papa Doc&#8217; Duvalier takes over the government in Haiti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1957<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Independence of Ghana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1957 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of the Rome Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1957<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The &#8216;Inner Six&#8217; states of the ECSC sought deeper economic integration, and entered into negotiations for the EEC and EURATOM.  Through a process of compromises, these states built a common market through liberalized internal trade.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">American provision of $225 million aid package to India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">American and British intervention in Lebanon and Jordan respectively<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Launch of the Great Leap Forward<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1958 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Great Leap Forward attempted radical economic change through collective agriculture and industrialization, leading to massive dislocation and internal turmoil.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kim Il-Sung purges his enemies from the KWP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Second Quemoy\u2013Matsu crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US Vice-president Richard Nixon tours Latin America,<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1958<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nkrumah hosts All-African People&#8217;s Conference in Accra<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1958 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nkrumah sought Pan-African unity through the creation of an African federation.  Ultimately other African states, including the Monrovia Group, rejected federation after having recently won independence.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Guinea votes to reject membership of the French Community<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of the United Arab Republic (UAR) of Egypt and Syria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1958<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US and British interventions in Lebanon and Jordan respectively<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1958 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Camp David summit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1959<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR reneges on its atomic bomb promise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1959 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Peng Dehuai purged at Lushan conference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1959 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sino-Indian border clashes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1959 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1959<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of the Inter-American Development Bank<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an attempt to repair strained relations with Latin America, the IADB begins funding infrastructure projects in Latin America.  Overall, despite the shift from trade to aid, the US continues its focus on military rather than economic aid.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">State of emergency introduced in Nyasaland (Malawi) beginning a chain of events that led to an abrupt change in British policy towards East Africa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1959 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1959<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Formation of Fatah as a Palestinian guerrilla organization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1959 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">U-2 incident and abortive Paris summit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Declining superpower relations ended the post-Stalin thaw with the shooting down of a US spy plane over Russia.  Khrushchev seized upon the incident in denouncing the US and renewing more direct confrontation.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kennedy elected<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1960<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">National Liberation Front (NLF, also called the Viet Cong) founded<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1960<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of OPEC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-141 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Publication of W.W. Rostow&#8217;s The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UNGA passes Resolutions 1514 and 1522 calling for end to colonial rule and for 1960s to be &#8216;development decade&#8217; respectively<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of new US\u2013Japan Security Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-144 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Syngman Rhee forced to resign as ROK President<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Beginning of Security treaty crisis in Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1960 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Domestic opponents to the US Security Treaty sought greater equality with the US, while pacifists opposed the security arrangment, and others feared a remilitarization of Japanese society.  When the JSP tried to block ratification of the treaty, Kishi forced a rapid vote.  The resulting crisis over his increasingly authoritarian rule led to large-scale unrest.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-146 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Formation of Ikeda government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of the polemical war between the USSR and the PRC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1960 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Sino-Soviet split occurred over a number of issues, including Soviet reneging on a promise to supply China with nuclear technology, Chinese anger at Soviet inaction on de-colonization, and general disputes over leadership of the Communist movement.  The open break between the two states led to open denunciations.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-148 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR pulls its economic advisors out of China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Civil war in Guatemala begins (lasts until 1996)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1960<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sharpeville massacre in South Africa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Belgium grants independence to the Congo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The province of Katanga secedes from the Congo; Lumumba turns to the UN for assistance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Independence of Nigeria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1960 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">EFTA treaty signed in Stockholm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Britain initially preferred imperial trade to membership in the EEC, but created a free trade area with Austria, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Sweden, and Switzerland without the institutional ties of the EEC.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Bay of Pigs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1961<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Vienna Summit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1961<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Berlin Wall construction begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1961<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Bay of Pigs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1961<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">United States initiates Alliance for Progress directed at Latin America<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1961 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First non-aligned summit held in Belgrade<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1961 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first NAM summit resulted in a more radical stance than at the Bandung Conference, with stated goals of ending apartheid, economic lobbying, and the creation of a pressure group to influence world politics.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Park Chung-Hee and the ROKA seize power in a coup in the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1961 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">United States breaks off diplomatic relations with Cuba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1961<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The US launches the Alliance for Progress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Kennedy administration began a more ambitious project to fund development in Latin America on a level comparable to the Marshall Plan.  In spite of initial enthusiasm in both north and south, the US was unwilling to force institutional change on Latin American states, and without social reforms the aid was unable to overcome social divisions.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Failed Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kennedy entered office in 1961 with a plan to overthrow Castro prepared.  Kennedy put the plan into effect, with CIA assistance for Cuban insurgents, but failed to deliver air support following international outcry at the action.  The invasion failed, leading Castro to seek greater Soviet support, resulting in the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Rafael Trujillo assassinated in the Dominican Republic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1961<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Lumumba murdered<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1961 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-167 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Guinea expels Soviet advisors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1961 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Syria secedes from the UAR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1961 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1961<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Foundation of Amnesty International<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1961 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The foundation of Amnesty International was representative of the increased role of the public and media in asserting and defending human rights in the post-war era.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Cuban Missile Crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Cuban Missile Crisis began with Soviet installation of nuclear missiles in Cuba.  Khrushchev had hoped for a propaganda victory through the action, while Castro sought security against US intervention.   Kennedy responded with a blockade of Cuba, resulting in one of the greatest crises in the Cold War and greatest risks of nuclear war.  Soviet withdrawal of the missiles resolved the crisis, leading to the fall of Khrushchev two years later, and awakening the superpowers to the need to manage competition.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Neutralization of Laos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the Geneva Accords of 1954, Laos was a greater seat of turmoil in the region.  In 1957, the neutral Souvanna government formed a coalition with the Communist Pathet Lao, which was followed by a CIA-backed coup in 1958, and return to power in 1960 of Souvanna.  As the state spiralled into civil war, the superpowers agreed to neutralize the state.   <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Non-aligned economic conference held in Cairo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-173 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of Sino-Indian War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1962 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indian acceptance of US military aid against China in the 1962 war undermined Indian leadership of the NAM.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-174 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Publication of Rachel Carson&#8217;s The Silent Spring<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-175 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Announcement of ROK Five-Year Plan to build up substitution industries for export<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-176 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Cuban Missile Crisis and Sino-Indian War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-177 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The DPRK introduces its &#8216;equal emphasis&#8217; policy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-178 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Cuban Missile Crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1962<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-179 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Evian accords grant independence to Algeria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-180 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Common Agricultural Policy agreed among EEC members<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1962<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-181 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1962<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Publication in Russia of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn&#8217;s A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1962 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-182 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Franco-German Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1963<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-183 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Limited Test Ban Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis, superpower relations entered a thaw, with attempts to channel competittion into less destructive avenues.  The superpowers reached several agreements including Open Skies, the Hotline Agreement, and the Limited Test Ban Treaty, all seeking to reduce the risk of nuclear war.  The LTBT ended atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-184 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kennedy assassination<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1963<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-185 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Coup against Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Diem regime lacked legitimacy within South Vietnam and had been weakened by corruption.  Tacit US support for a coup in 1963 led to the removal of Diem, although successor regimes were also unable to establish legitimacy.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-186 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Indonesia announces policy of &#8216;Konfrontasi&#8217; against British-backed Malaysia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1963 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-187 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Shah of Iran begins his &#8216;white revolution&#8217; modernization programme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1963 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-188 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ghana implicated in assassination of President Olympio of Togo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1963 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-189 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of the Organization of African States (OAU)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1963 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As an alternative to Nkrumah&#8217;s visions of pan-African unity, the OAU sought cultural unity while upholding the boundaries of existing states.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-190 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Shah of Iran launches his White Revolution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1963 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-191 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">De Gaulle rejects British application to join the EEC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1963<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De Gaulle exploited the EEC to increase French power, repeatedly rejecting British applications to enter, fearing British clout, and fearing US influence in the EEC through Britain.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-192 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Khrushchev ousted in the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-193 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">China tests a nuclear weapon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-194 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Gulf of Tonkin incidents<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US President Johnson exploited attacks on US naval forces in the Gulf of Tonkin to gain Congressional authorization to take any needed actions in Vietnam.  The granting of extensive power led to the period of the &#8216;imperial presidency&#8217; and eventual backlash.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-195 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UNCTAD established to oversee UN work on development<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-196 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Nehru<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-197 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Foundation of Group of 77 (G-77)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1964 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Group of 77 was an attempt to organize newly independent states into a bloc capable of negotiating with world powers, the G-77 seeking an improved bargaining position on trade issues.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-198 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Second non-aligned summit held in Cairo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-199 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Formation of Sato government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-200 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ousting of Khrushchev in the USSR<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-201 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC successfully tests its first atomic bomb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-202 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Military overthrows Joao Goulart&#8217;s government in Brazil<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1964<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-203 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Imprisonment of Nelson Mandela and other senior ANC figures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1964 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Increasing racial segregation in South Africa led to the imposition of apartheid and eventually the imprisonment of Mandela and ANC leadership.  South Africa and other white-ruled states became increasingly militant, seeing segregation as the only guarantee of their positions within society.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-204 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of the Palestine Liberation Organization in Cairo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-205 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1964<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ayatollah Khomeini goes into exile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1964 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-206 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sustained US bombing of North Vietnam begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1965<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-207 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First US combat troops arrive in Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1965 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The inability of the US to stabilize South Vietnam through aid or airstrikes led to the large-scale deployment of American troops.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-208 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Second African\u2013Asian conference cancelled following a coup in Algeria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1965 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-209 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of second Indo-Pakistan War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1965 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-210 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">A failed army coup in Indonesia paves the way for the eventual overthrow of President Sukarno in Indonesia in 1966.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1965 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The overthrow of Sukarno ended Indonesian leadership of NAM, which sought more radical opposition to neo-colonialism.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-211 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of Japan\u2013ROK diplomatic relations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1965 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-212 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US marines occupy the Dominican Republic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1965<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-213 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South Rhodesia makes a unilateral declaration of independence from Britain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1965 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-214 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1965<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First human rights protest held in Moscow<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1965 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-215 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">France leaves NATO&#8217;s unified military structure<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Charles de Gaulle, France adopted an independent foreign policy seeking to shift Europe away from US dominance.  France pursued this policy through the EEC and by withdrawing from NATO&#8217;s unified military structure, but failed to bring NATO down.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-216 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The International Rice Research Institute launches its IR-8 strain of super-rice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-217 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japan becomes a major investor in the newly formed Asian Development Bank<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1966 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1960s, Japan took a leading role in spurring the development of East Asian economies through the Asian Development Bank.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-218 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Launch of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1966 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cultural Revolution attempted to purify the communist movement, leading to massive violence and social disorder.  As a result, China was unable to maintain an active foreign policy for several years.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-219 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fresh purge of KWP in North Korea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-220 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First military coup in Nigeria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-221 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nkrumah ousted by a coup in Ghana<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-222 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ba&#8217;thist regime comes to power in Syria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-223 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Large-scale Israeli raid into Jordan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-224 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nasser regime in Egypt executes Sayyed Qutb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-225 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1966<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UNGA adopts the &#8216;UN International Covenant for Civil and Political Rights&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1966 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-226 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Glassboro summit (Soviet\u2013American)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1967<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-227 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">NATO&#8217;s Harmel Report<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1967<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-228 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sato announces Japan&#8217;s &#8216;Three Nuclear Principles&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-229 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Che Guevara killed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1967<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-230 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Beginning of Biafran War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-231 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet intelligence reports massing of Israeli troops along the Syrian border<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-232 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nasser moves troops into the Sinai and closes the Straits of Tiran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-233 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Jordan accedes to the Egyptian\u2013Syrian defence pact<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-234 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Israel launches the Six-Day War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1967 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">War by Syria, Jordan and Egypt against Israel represented the peak of Arab nationalist co-ordination.  Following skirmishes early in 1967, and increasing signals of Arab attack, Israel launched a pre-emptive strike, eliminating its opponents one by one, shattering the myth of Arab unity.  However, Israeli hubris led to the occupation of extensive territory and unwillingness to make significant concessions.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-235 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UN Resolution 242 calls for Israel to return to its pre-war borders<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-236 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Arab defeat in the Six-Day War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1967 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Arab defeat undermined traditional secular Arab nationalism, fuelling the rise of political Islam as an alternative.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-237 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">De Gaulle again vetoes British application to join the EEC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1967<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-238 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Overthrow of democratic government in Greece<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-239 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1967<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of Biafran War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1967 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-240 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">(Nuclear) Non-proliferation Treaty opened for signature<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1968<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-241 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Warsaw Pact troops enter Czechoslovakia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Soviet response to the &#8216;Prague Spring&#8217; was reimposition of Soviet control, exemplifying splits within the Eastern Bloc.  Soviet action also antagonized China and contributed to Sino-American rapprochement in the 1970s.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-242 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Richard Nixon elected in the US<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1968<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-243 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Tet offensive<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In spite of repeated assurances by US military leaders about progress in the Vietnam War, the North launched a massive offensive during the Tet holiday in early 1968.  Images of chaos broadcast by the media undermined American faith in its leaders, ultimately leading Johnson to decide against running for a second term.  The offensive was a military disaster, meeting none of its intended goals, but had the unintended effect of undermining US morale.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-244 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon elected president<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1968<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-245 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">540,000 US troops in South Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1968<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-246 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1968 Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-247 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Record harvests in India and Pakistan as the result of using Green Revolution crops<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1968 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-248 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Publication of Paul Ehrlich&#8217;s The Population Bomb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1968 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-249 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The DPRK attacks the US spy-ship Pueblo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1968 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-250 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet pronouncement of the Brezhnev Doctrine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1968 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Brezhnev Doctrine justified Soviet intervention in Communist Bloc states, as evidenced in the reaction to the Prague Spring.  This Soviet stance led to Chinese fears of intervention during the turmoil of the Cultural Revolution.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-251 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First phase of the Cultural Revolution is ended<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1968 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-252 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1968<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Convening of the UN Conference on Human Rights in Teheran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1968 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-253 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Willy Brandt becomes chancellor of FRG<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1969<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-254 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Secret bombing campaign (MENU) of Cambodia begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1969<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-255 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Vietnamization begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nixon shifted responsibility for the Vietnam War away from American soldiers to ARVN troops in the process of Vietnamization.  The US would continue to provide supplies and air power, but the withdrawal of US troops would ease domestic criticism of the war.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-256 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ho Chi Minh dies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1969<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-257 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon\u2013Sato summit reaches agreement on retrocession of the Ryukyu islands<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1969 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-258 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Richard Nixon becomes president of the United States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1969 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-259 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1969<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sino-Soviet clash on Manchurian\u2013Russian border at Zhenbao Island<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1969 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-260 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US\u2013South Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In an attempt to cut off the Ho Chi Minh trail used to supply insurgents in South Vietnam, Nixon expanded the Vietnam War to both Cambodia and Laos, leading to domestic backlash against what was perceived to be an abuse of power.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-261 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kent State University shootings<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1970<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-262 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Third non-aligned summit in Lusaka<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1970 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-263 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Salvador Allende elected president of Chile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1970<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-264 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Nasser who is succeeded by Sadat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1970 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-265 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Jordanian civil war also known as Black September which leads Jordan to expel the PLO<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1970 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-266 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1970<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1970 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-267 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon announces the end of the dollar&#8217;s convertibility to gold<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1971<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-268 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Four-Power Agreement on Berlin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1971<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-269 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South Vietnamese invasion of Laos (Lam Son 719)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1971<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-270 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Algeria nationalizes its French-owned oil industry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1971 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-271 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Third Indo-Pakistan War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1971 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-272 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The &#8216;Nixon shocks&#8217; hit Japan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July and August 1971 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The US grew increasingly dissatisfied with Japanese relations, seeking greater Japanese military contributions and reduced competition from Japanese industry.  The Nixon administration announced its opening of relations with China without prior consultation of Japan, and devalued the dollar soon afterwards.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-273 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">ROC loses its seat in the UN<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1971 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-274 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kissinger announces that Nixon will visit China in the following year<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1971 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nixon and Kissinger championed the policy of d\u00e9tente, reducing ideological confrontation of the superpowers, and calling for new modes of engagement with the Soviet Bloc.  The opening of China was a key element of this new policy, leveraging Sino-Soviet mistrust to increase US diplomatic power.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-275 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Purging of Lin Biao in the PRC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1971 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-276 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1971<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The PRC accedes to the Chinese permanent seat on the UNSC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1971 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-277 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon in China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nixon and Kissinger championed the policy of d\u00e9tente, reducing ideological confrontation of the superpowers, and calling for new modes of engagement with the Soviet Bloc.  The opening of China was a key element of this new policy, leveraging Sino-Soviet mistrust to increase US diplomatic power.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-278 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Moscow Summit: SALT I and ABM Treaties signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1972<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-279 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">North Vietnamese Spring Offensive begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1972<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-280 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US Christmas bombings of North Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1972<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-281 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UN Conference on the environment held in Stockholm<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1972 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The conference resulted in the non-binding Stockholm Declaration on human environment, signifying growing western concern with the effects of industrialization on the environment.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-282 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">President Marcos introduces martial law in the Philippines in response to rural unrest, despite the widespread use of Green Revolution technology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-283 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Formation of Tanaka government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-284 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of Japan\u2013PRC relations and end to Japan\u2013ROC official ties<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-285 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Park introduces new &#8216;Yushin&#8217; constitution in the ROK making himself a virtual dictator<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-286 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon&#8217;s visit to China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-287 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Somalia offer the USSR the use of port facilities at Berbera<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-288 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1972<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">PLO attack on Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1972 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-289 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Paris Peace Accords on Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One concrete result of d\u00e9tente was increased capacity to negotiate an end to the Vietnam War, withdrawing US troops from an unpopular conflict.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-290 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">&#8216;Yom Kippur&#8217; War in the Middle East; oil embargo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-291 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Paris Peace Accords signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-292 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Last US combat troops leave South Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-293 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">War Powers Resolution passed by US Congress<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-294 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fourth non-aligned summit in Algiers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1973 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-295 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Arab\u2013Israeli War and subsequent OPEC oil price hike<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1973 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-296 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Park shifts ROK economy towards the development of heavy industry<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1973 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ROK also exemplified the East Asian development model with governmental assistance in the development of heavy industry.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-297 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First oil shock<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1973 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-298 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Military junta takes over power in a coup d&#8217;\u00e9tat in Uruguay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-299 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Allende&#8217;s government overthrown in Chile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the Vietnam War, the US had less interest in direct interventions abroad, but continued to employ the CIA in covert actions, as in the overthrow of the elected Allende government in Chile.   The Nixon administration feared that a democratically elected socialist government would provide a model for socialism in the region undermining US interests.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-300 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Juan Peron returns to the presidency in Argentina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-301 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Egypt and Syria attack Israel in what is known as the October or the Yom Kippur War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1973 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Failure in the Six-Day War led to extensive rethinking of Arab nationalism.  As a result, Egypt sought peace negotiations with Israel, but could make little progress in a position of weakness.  Poor Israeli intelligence missed Eygptian\u2013Syrian plans for attack, leading to initial Israeli defeats in the war.  Israel quickly regrouped and defeated the Arab states again, with US aid, but Egypt was now able to bargain from a position of equality.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-302 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Denmark, Great Britain and Ireland join the EEC (Norwegians rejected membership in a referendum in 1972)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1973<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-303 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First Congressional hearings on foreign human rights infringements held in Washington<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1973 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-304 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1973<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Overthrow of Allende regime in Chile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1973 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-305 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon resigns<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1974<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-306 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nixon resigns<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1974<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-307 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Declaration of need for New International Economic Order at UNGA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1974 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-308 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Overthrow of Caetano regime in Portugal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1974 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-309 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Overthrow of Haile Selassie in Ethiopia and replacement by the Dergue<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1974 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-310 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR deports Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn for his dissident activities<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1974 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-311 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1974<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Jackson-Vanik amendment added to US\u2013Soviet trade treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1974 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The addition of human right conditions to a trade agreement with the Soviet Union reflected the trend during d\u00e9tente to link human rights standards to other agreements.  While promoting human rights, this undermined the premise of d\u00e9tente that negotiations would avoid ideological or moral issues and focus on realpolitik.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-312 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Unification of Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-313 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Helsinki Accords (CSCE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1975<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-314 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">MPLA declares the independence of the People&#8217;s Republic of Angola<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Soviet Union perceived d\u00e9tente as evidence of US decline, and entered into a period of over-extension in Africa.  US unwillingness to undertake military interventions after Vietnam prevented any US response to Soviet incursions, but Soviet actions undermined US support for detente.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-315 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">North Vietnamese attack on South Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the Paris Peace Accords, the US withdrew combat troops from South Vietnam.  In the wake of the Watergate scandal, the US Congress refused to authorize air strikes in support of South Vietnam when the latter was invaded by the North.  As a result, the South&#8217;s military position rapidly collapsed and the country was unified under North Vietnam.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-316 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Khmer Rouge takes power in Cambodia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-317 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South Vietnam surrenders<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-318 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Pathet Lao abolishes monarchy in Laos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1975<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-319 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Rambouillet summit in France initiates what becomes the G-7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-320 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UNGA passes resolution declaring Zionism to be &#8216;racist&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-321 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Jiang Jieshi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-322 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Alvor agreement on Angolan independence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-323 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South African and Cuban troops intervene in the Angolan civil war<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1975 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fall of the Portuguese government led to re-evaluation of colonial policy, with a rapid shift to accepting Angolan and Mozambican independence.  Angola rapidly slid into civil war after independence, with outside groups aiding various factions.  The Soviet bloc sent military advisors and equipment, expanding Soviet intervention in African affairs.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-324 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of civil war in Lebanon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-325 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Khmer Rouge takes power in Cambodia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-326 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The State Department appoints its first Co-ordinator for Humanitarian Affairs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-327 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UN Women&#8217;s Conference held in Mexico City<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-328 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of the Helsinki Accords<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-329 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1975<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Indonesian invasion of East Timor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1975 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-330 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Jimmy Carter elected in the US<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1976<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-331 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">North\u2013South Dialogue negotiations began in Paris<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1976 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-332 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Zhou Enlai<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1976 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-333 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Mao Zedong<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1976 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-334 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">A military coup removes Isabel Peron from office in Argentina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1976<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-335 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Widespread rioting in Soweto<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1976 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Uprisings tied to Black Consciousness movement and economic hardships led to South African fears of Soviet intervention.  In response, the government took a hardline approach to the movement, drawing international condemnation, sanctions, and further energizing black African opposition.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-336 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Syrian intervention in Lebanon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1976 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-337 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1976<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Foundation of Moscow Helsinki Group<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1976 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-338 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Brandt Commission on International Development Issues established<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1977 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Brandt Commission ultimately called for greater western aid to the developing world, settling on a level of 1 per cent of GNP.  This was rejected by the US and other states in the 1980s with a shift towards trade.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-339 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of Ogaden War between Somalia and Ethiopia, the USSR opts to back the Marxist-Leninist regime of Mengistu in Addis Ababa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-340 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South African Black Consciousness leader Steve Biko murdered in police custody<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-341 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UNGA introduces a mandatory ban on arms sales to South Africa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-342 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Jimmy Carter becomes president of the United States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-343 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Foundation of Charter 77 in Czechoslovakia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-344 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR arrests Yuri Orlov, a leading member of the Moscow Helsinki Group<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-345 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1977<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Amnesty International awarded the Nobel Peace Prize<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1977 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-346 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1978<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Conflict between Ethiopia and Somalia escalates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1978<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-347 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1978<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Vietnam invades Cambodia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1978<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-348 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1978<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sino-Japanese peace treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1978 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-349 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1978<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Deng Xiaoping emerges as the PRC&#8217;s paramount leader<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1978 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-350 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1978<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">European Monetary System established<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1978<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-351 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Shah leaves Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The beginning of the Iranian Revolution heralded a further shift in US policy, with the Carter administration increasingly beleagured by events in Iran.  The inability of Carter to resolve the subsequent hostage crisis in Iran contributed to the victory of Reagan in the 1980 election.  As a result of the revolution, and US suspicions of Soviet complicity, the US steered further away from d\u00e9tente and towards confrontation.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-352 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">SALT II signed in Vienna<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1979<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-353 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Hostage crisis begins in Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1979<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-354 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet Union invades Afghanistan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan finally ended d\u00e9tente, the US seeing Soviet military action as part of a co-ordinated threat to US oil interests in the Middle East.  Soviet actions were undertaken largely in response to the threat of Islamic nationalism in Central Asia following the Iranian Revolution rather than out of offensive aims.  The Afghan War ended up becoming the Soviet equivalent of the Vietnam War, with Russian troops bogged down in an unwinnable conflict.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-355 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">China invades Vietnam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conflict in the region continued after the 1975 unification of Vietnam.  Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia in late 1978 led to Chinese intervention in early 1979.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-356 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Egyptian\u2013Israeli peace treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-357 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Three-Mile Island partial nuclear meltdown<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-358 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Beginning of anti-government unrest in South Korea<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-359 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Park Chung-Hee murdered by his KCIA chief<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-360 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Chun Doo Hwan takes power in the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-361 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of Sino-Vietnamese war<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-362 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Somoza dynasty in Nicaragua overthrown by the Sandinistas headed by Daniel Ortega<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1979<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-363 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Lancaster House talks in London lead to agreement on majority rule in Rhodesia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-364 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Egyptian\u2013Israeli peace treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1979 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-365 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1979 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The collapse of the Shah&#8217;s government led to the founding of a Islamic state dedicated to the propagation of Islamic revolution.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-366 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Beginning of Soviet intervention in Afghanistan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1979 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soviet intervention in Afghanistan, and western-supported Mujahadeen opponents strengthened the sense of Islamic solidarity.  Fighters in the war subsequently led Islamic movements elsewhere.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-367 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet Union invades Afghanistan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soviet invasion of Afghanistan finally ended d\u00e9tente, the US seeing Soviet military action as part of a co-ordinated threat to US oil interests in the Middle East.  Soviet actions were undertaken largely in response to the threat of Islamic nationalism in Central Asia following the Iranian Revolution rather than out of offensive aims.  The Afghan War ended up becoming the Soviet equivalent of the Vietnam War, with Russian troops bogged down in an unwinnable conflict.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-368 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1979<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First direct elections to the European Parliament<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1979<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-369 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Carter withdraws SALT II from ratification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1980<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-370 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ronald Reagan elected in the US<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reagan&#8217;s victory in 1980 confirmed the demise of d\u00e9tente, with his open calls for a more direct policy of confrontation with the Soviet Union.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-371 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Publication of Brandt report<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1980 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-372 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Tito<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1980 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-373 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Massacre of pro-democracy demonstrators in Gwanju in the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1980 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-374 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of four Special Economic Zones in China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1980 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the death of Mao, China embarked on economic liberalization as evidenced in the Special Economic Zones.  These zones enabled western technology and investment to enter China, leading to rapid economic growth.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-375 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Samuel Doe coup in Liberia ends rule by the traditional oligarchy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1980 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-376 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Robert Mugabe becomes president of Zimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1980 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-377 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of Iran\u2013Iraq War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1980 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-378 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1980<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Solidarity Movement formed in Poland<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1980  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-379 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Canc\u00fan North\u2013South summit conference held<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1981 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-380 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of US support for the Nicaraguan Contras<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The US continued covert interventions in Central America in the 1980s with operations in El Salvador and Nicaragua.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-381 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Assassination of President Sadat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1981 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-382 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Takfir wa al-Hijira group assassinate President Sadat of Egypt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1981 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-383 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Ronald Reagan becomes President of the United States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1981<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-384 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1981<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Greece joins the EEC (as its tenth member)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1981<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-385 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Mexico forced to negotiate rescue package to avoid defaulting on debts<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1982 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mexican debt renegotiation exemplified the third world debt crisis, created by excessive borrowing in the 1970s.  In the 1970s, low interest rates and high commodity prices underlay the increase in borrowing, which was undermined by economic changes in the 1980s.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-386 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Falklands war between Argentina and Great Britain begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1982<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-387 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Israeli invasion of Lebanon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1982 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A 1975 Lebanese civil war led to Syrian intervention and the use of southern Lebanon as a base for PLO attacks.  In early 1982, Lebanon attemtped to expel Syrian forces with Israeli assistance, but the failure of this plan led to direct Israeli military intervention.  The loss of a key Lebanese Maronite ally left Israel mired in the Lebanese civil war until 1983.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-388 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">PLO evacuated from Beirut to Tunis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1982 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-389 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Massacre of Palestinian and Shi&#8217;a refugees at Sabra and Shatilla camps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1982 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-390 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Asad regime in Syria crushes an Islamic movement in Hama<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1982 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-391 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Creation of Hizb&#8217;allah in southern Lebanon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hizb&#8217;allah provided another form of political Islam, with a focus on the specific conflict between Palestine and Israel, with the goal of liberating southern Lebanon.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-392 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1982<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Iurii Andropov becomes Secretary-General of the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1982<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-393 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US marines intervene on the island of Grenada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1983<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-394 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">End of military rule in Argentina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1983<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-395 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Lebanese\u2013Israeli peace agreement signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1983 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-396 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">President Reagan proposes Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">US plans to build a missile defence system involved a major escalation in the arms race which the Soviet Union could ill-afford.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-397 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1983<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US troops overthrow regime in Grenada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1983<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-398 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1984<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Explosion of Bhopal chemical plant in India<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1984 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-399 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1984<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Sahel area of Ethiopia ravaged by famine<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1984 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-400 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1984<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Konstantin Chernenko becomes Secretary-General of the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1984<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-401 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Prime Minister Nakasone visits the Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1985 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-402 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">&#8216;Plaza Accord&#8217; signed in New York in which Japan promises to increase the value of the yen<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1985 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following increased tensions between the US and Japan over the latter&#8217;s trade surplus, Japan agreed to increase the value of the yen, thereby increasing the cost of Japanese exports to the US.  Japan was attempting to shift away from an export-driven economic model, and the currency shift was also intended to spur domestic demand.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-403 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">End of military rule in Uruguay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1985<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-404 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Live Aid concerts in London and Philadelphia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1985 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-405 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South African president P. W. Botha publicly rejects the idea of &#8216;one man, one vote&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1985 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-406 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Mikhail Gorbachev ascends to power in Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gorbachev&#8217;s ascendance brought a radically new approach to managing Soviet problems.  In response to structural challenges in the Soviet system, he advocated Glasnost (openness) and Perestroika (restructuring), broadening public discussion on reforms.  The reform process soon escaped state control.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-407 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Schengen Agreement eliminating border controls signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1985<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-408 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR allows the leading dissident, Elena Bonner, to go abroad for medical treatment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1985 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-409 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Doi Moi economic reform begins in Vietnam; similar reforms begin in Laos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1986<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-410 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Meltdown of nuclear reactor at Chernobyl<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1986 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-411 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">&#8216;Baby Doc&#8217; Duvalier ousted in Haiti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1986<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-412 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Chernobyl nuclear accident<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1986<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-413 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Reagan and Gorbachev resolve to remove all intermediate nuclear missiles from Europe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reagan and Gorbachev established a good working relationship, negotiating significant reductions of nuclear weapons.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-414 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Iran\u2013Contra Affair revealed to public<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1986 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-415 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Spain and Portugal join the EEC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1986<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-416 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Single European Act (SEA) signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1986<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-417 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR releases the dissident Anatoly Shchransky from internal exile. Orlov,  Sakharov and Bonner follow later in the year.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1986 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-418 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The US withdraws backing from the Marcos regime in the Philippines<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1986 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-419 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Publication of the Brundtland report on sustainable development<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1987 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-420 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Lifting of martial law in Taiwan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1987 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the 1980s, both Taiwan and ROK shifted towards greater democratic rule, reflecting the demands of a rising middle class in the prosperous states.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-421 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">ROKA forced to allow first free presidential elections in the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1987 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-422 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of the first intifada<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1987 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 1987 intifada differed from earlier conflicts in its internal focus between Palestinians and Israelis, rather than foreign war between Israel and Arab states.  The conflict also relied on civil disobedience, leaving Israel with the reputation of aggressors in the war. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-423 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of the first intifada and the birth of Hamas<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1987 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hamas was initially formed as a religious and social organization, but the first intifada led the group to champion Islamic nationalism through the creation of Islamic state in Palestine.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-424 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">INF Treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1987 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-425 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1987<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The USSR frees another 140 political prisoners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1987 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-426 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UNGA ordered the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to prepare a report on global warming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1988 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-427 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of President Jiang Jingguo in Taiwan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1988 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-428 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Seoul hosts the Olympic Games<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1988 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-429 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">End of Iran\u2013Iraq War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1988 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-430 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">George H. W. Bush elected president of the United States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1988<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-431 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Cambodia begins economic reform<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-432 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of collapse of Japan&#8217;s &#8216;bubble economy&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1989 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The increased value of the yen following the Plaza Accord did not result in greater domestic domand, but in the creation of asset bubbles, including the stock market and real estate.  These collapsed after 1989, triggering an extensive deflationary period from which Japan has still not fully emerged.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-433 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Tiananmen Square massacre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1989 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The economic growth in the 1980s was accompanied by increased demands for democracy.  With the shift towards Glasnost in the Soviet Union, students in China called for democracy and party reforms.  The resulting government crackdown did not lead to a shift away from economic liberalization, but did lead to increasing focus on economic progress to legitimize the regime.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-434 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Paraguay&#8217;s long-term dictator Alfredo Stroessner deposed in a coup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-435 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US marines land in Panama and capture Manuel Noriega<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-436 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Omar al-Bashir comes to power as the result of a coup in Sudan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1989 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-437 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet withdrawal of forces from Afghanistan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1989 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-438 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Ayatollah Khomeini<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1989 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-439 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Omar al-Bashir seizes power in Sudan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1989 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-440 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet troops withdraw from Afghanistan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-441 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">China puts down the Tiananmen Square protests<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-442 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Poland gets first non-communist government since the Second World War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1989 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-443 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Hungary forms a non-communist government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-444 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Berlin Wall falls<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In autumn 1989, Hungary allowed East Germans to escape through its territory into the west.  In early November, crowds assembled at the Berlin Wall seeking freedom to cross, and were allowed through.  In the following weeks the communist governments in other eastern bloc states fell, the opening of the Wall symbolized the collapse of the Soviet system.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-445 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Communist governments fall in Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria and Romania<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-446 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fall of the Berlin Wall<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1989<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-447 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of ROK\u2013Soviet relations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1990 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-448 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Japanese Diet refuses to send SDF elements to serve in the first Gulf War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1990 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-449 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Augusto Pinochet resigns as President of Chile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1990<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-450 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">South African president F. W. de Klerk announces the end of apartheid, the lifting of the ban on the ANC and the release of political prisoners<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1990 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The surprise announcement by de Klerk paved the way for the release of Nelson Mandela from prison and the transition to a true democracy.  White South African opinion shifted in the 1980s as a result of sanctions, opposition by business interests, and the end of the Cold War.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-451 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Iraqi invasion of Kuwait<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1990 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-452 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) become independent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1990<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-453 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Boris Yeltsin elected to presidency of Russia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1990<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-454 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Iraq invades Kuwait<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Iraqi invasion of Kuwait triggered Operation Desert Storm by the a US-led alliance.  The military action exemplified the changed strategic situation after the end of the Cold War, as the US was able to undertake military action without Soviet opposition, and in fact had Russian co-operation.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-455 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Germany reunited<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the collapse of the eastern bloc, German reunification symbolized the transformation of Europe.  While European states had misgivings about the implications of German unification, Germany remained tied to the European Union.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-456 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1990<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">German unification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1990<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-457 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay agree to form the Southern Cone Common Market (MERCOSUR)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1991 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">MERCOSUR attempted to form a regional trade bloc to boost economic growth within member states, as well as improving bargaining position with other trading nations.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-458 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Haiti&#8217;s democratically elected president Jean-Bertrand Aristide ousted in a military coup<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1991<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-459 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fall of Siad Barre regime in Somalia and start of descent into country becoming a &#8216;failed state&#8217;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1991 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-460 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of the Madrid Arab\u2013Israeli peace conference<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1991 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-461 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Operation Desert Storm against Iraq begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1991<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-462 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Warsaw Pact dissolved<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1991<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-463 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Yugoslav Federation begins to fall apart<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following Tito&#8217;s death, Yugoslavia began a slow disintegration, accelerated with the end of the Cold War.  The breakup of the Federation created security challenges for Europe.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-464 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">US\u2013Soviet START Agreement signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1991<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-465 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Hardliners fail to regain power in the Soviet Union<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Angry with the direction of Soviet policy, hardliners attempted a coup to remove Gorbachev from power.  Boris Yeltsin, president of Russia, defied the miltary leaders, who soon lost the support of the army.  The Soviet Union was effectively defunct as a result of the coup attempt, and was formally abolished in December 1991.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-466 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Soviet Union formally dissolved<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1991<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-467 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">UN Conference on the Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1992 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Rio Declaration was a non-binding statement recognizing principles of sustainable development, reflecting environmental concerns and tensions between the demands for development and environmental quality.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-468 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">National Assembly in Taiwan announces that first presidential general election will be held in 1996<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-469 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Opening of ROK\u2013PRC relations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-470 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kim Young Sam elected as the first civilian president of the ROK since 1962<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-471 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Deng Xiaoping starts tour of South China<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-472 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">A 12-year civil war in El Salvador ends<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1992<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-473 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Army seizes power in Algeria to prevent an Islamist electoral victory<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-474 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Osama Bin Laden takes sanctuary in Sudan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1992<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-475 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Algerian government suspends elections to prevent an Islamic victory, leading to civil war<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-476 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-477 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Bill Clinton elected president of the United States<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1992<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-478 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Treaty of European Union (TEU) signed in Maastricht<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Maastricht Treaty forged the European Union out of the EEC, with goals of a common currency, central bank and common foreign policy.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-479 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Television news broadcasts report on the prison camp at Omarska in Bosnia-Herzegovina<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1992 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-480 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Cambodia becomes a constitutional monarchy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1993 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-481 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The LDP loses the first election since its formation and is replaced by a coalition government<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1993 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-482 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The DPRK withdraws from the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1993 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">North Korean withdrawal from the NPT exemplified its shift towards nuclear blackmail, with construction of atomic weaponry and threats of war being used to extort economic concessions from the west.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-483 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Declaration of Principles (or Oslo Accords) signed in Washington<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1993 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Oslo Accords between Israel and Palestine set principles of mutual recognition and limited self-government, allowing subsequent peace treaties between Israel and its Arab neighbour states.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-484 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Creation of Jemaah Islamiya<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1993<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-485 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">First Islamist attempt to blow up the World Trade Center in New York<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1993 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-486 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">American troops attacked in Somalia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1993<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-487 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1993<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The UN establishes a war crimes tribunal for the former Yugoslavia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1993 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-488 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The LDP returns to government in coalition with the JSP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-489 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Kim Il-Sung and succession of Kim Il-Jung<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-490 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Former US president Carter negotiates a nuclear treaty with the DPRK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-491 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) enters into force<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">NAFTA combined the US, Canada and Mexico into a large trade bloc, vastly expanding Mexican trade with the US.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-492 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Aristide returned to power in Haiti<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1994<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-493 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Beginning of Rwandan genocide<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1994 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inter-ethnic conflict spurred massive genocide in Rwanda, by Hutu against Tutsi, with the deaths of 800,000 people.   The rapid action and confused foreign accounts of the events prevented effective intervention by the international community until it was too late.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-494 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Nelson Mandela becomes the first democratically elected leader of South Africa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1994 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The end of apartheid saw the election of Nelson Mandela, providing a model of democratic leadership for Africa.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-495 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of the Israeli\u2013Jordanian peace treaty<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-496 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Saudi Arabia revokes Osama Bin Laden&#8217;s citizenship<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-497 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of the first Chechnya War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-498 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Genocide in Rwanda begins<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1994<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-499 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The UN establishes a war crimes trial for the Rwandan genocide<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1994 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-500 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Establishment of World Trade Organization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1995 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-501 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Signing of the Israeli\u2013Palestinian Interim Agreement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1995 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-502 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Assassination of Israeli prime minister Yitzhak Rabin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1995 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-503 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1995 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-504 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">GATT becomes the World Trade Organization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The creation of the WTO symbolized American ascendancy after the Cold War, with its institution of the &#8216;Washington Consensus&#8217; model for economic growth.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-505 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Dayton Agreements end the conflict in the former Yugoslavia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1995<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-506 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Austria, Finland and Sweden join the European Union (EU)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the end of the Cold War, the neutral states Austria, Finland and Sweden rapidly joined the EU.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-507 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Srebrenica massacre of Bosnian Muslims<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1995 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-508 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1996<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Lee Teng-hui wins Taiwan&#8217;s first democratic presidential election<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1996 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-509 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1996<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Guatemalan civil war ends with the signing of a UN-sponsored peace accord<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1996<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-510 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1996<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Rwanda intervenes in civil war in eastern Congo (Zaire)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1996 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-511 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1996<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Taliban take control of Kabul and establish the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1996 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Taliban was formed through Pakistani assistance to the Pashtun people.  In contrast to Iranian revolutionaries, the Sunni Taliban instituted a rule opposed to modernity.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-512 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1997 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Kyoto Protocol bound the developed world to lower carbon emission levels, allowing the developing world to continue higher levels of pollution while generating economic growth.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-513 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The ROK is forced to turn to the IMF to bail out its economy in the &#8216;Asian flu&#8217; crisis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-514 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The veteran democrat Kim Dae Jung becomes president of the ROK<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-515 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Death of Deng Xiaoping<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-516 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Reversion of Hong Kong to Chinese rule<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-517 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">President Mobutu of Zaire falls from power<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-518 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Charles Taylor &#8216;wins&#8217; election in Liberia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-519 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Cease-fire agreed in Algeria with the Islamic Salvation Army<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-520 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Al-Qaeda linked to massacre of tourists at Luxor in Egypt by Egyptian Islamists<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">November 1997 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-521 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1997<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Amsterdam Treaty signed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">October 1997<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-522 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of new civil war in the Congo with interventions by Angola, Rwanda, Uganda and Zimbabwe<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">July 1998 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-523 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Fall of President Suharto in Indonesia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">May 1998 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-524 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Al-Qaeda attack on the US embassies in Nairobi and Dar-es-Salaam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1998 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-525 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Belfast agreement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1998<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-526 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">European Central Bank (ECB) established<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1998<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-527 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">The Treaty of Rome signed which laid the foundations for the establishment of an International Criminal Court<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">June 1998 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-528 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1998<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Former Rwandan prime minister, Jean Kambanda, sentenced to life imprisonment for contravening the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1998 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-529 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Inauguration of the G-20 meeting of finance ministers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">September 1999 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-530 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Hugo Chavez becomes president of Venezuela<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">February 1999<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-531 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Outbreak of communal violence along religious lines in Ambon<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1999 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-532 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Start of the second Chechnya War<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">August 1999 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-533 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">NATO air strikes against Serbia force an end to occupation of Kosovo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">March 1999<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-534 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Vladimir Putin becomes president of Russia<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">December 1999<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-535 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">Eleven members of the EU (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain) agree to adopt the Euro<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">January 1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The adoption of the Euro greatly accelerated European integration.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;background-color:#f1f5f6;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color has-extra-small-font-size wp-elements-536 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#494949;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\">British Prime Minister, Tony Blair, in a speech in Chicago outlines the need to use force to remove despotic regimes from power<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">April 1999 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" 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