{"id":615,"date":"2025-02-21T10:44:47","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T10:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/?post_type=content&p=615"},"modified":"2025-02-21T10:45:13","modified_gmt":"2025-02-21T10:45:13","slug":"chapter-20-the-rise-of-a-new-europe-the-history-of-european-integration-1945-2024","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/internationalhistory20c\/students\/chapter-20-the-rise-of-a-new-europe-the-history-of-european-integration-1945-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 20: The Rise of a New Europe: The History of European Integration, 1945\u20132024"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Chapter 20: The Rise of a New Europe: The History of European Integration, 1945\u20132024<\/h1>\n\n\n
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European integration after World War II represents one of the most significant transformations of the modern international system. The first significant move came in 1949 with the founding of the Council of Europe, which was a pan-European body set up to protect democratic principles and sponsor the integration of legal norms. The European Convention on Human Rights established the European Court of Human Rights to hear individual complaints about violations of the convention. The creation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) in 1951 represented the first milestone. In the early- to mid-1950s, with its empire and associated trade links still largely intact, Britain had been distinctly lukewarm about European integration. The end of the Cold War opened new possibilities for both the widening and deepening of European integration, captured in the creation of the European Union (EU) and its subsequent enlargement to incorporate virtually all the countries that had been part of the so-called Soviet bloc. In the twenty-first century, however, nationalism and anti-Europeanism have been on the rise across the EU, most obviously on display when the United Kingdom voted to exit the EU in 2016. Yet, the EU remains a major economic and political force comprising of 27 countries, 450 million people and an economic output worth roughly to 20% of the world\u2019s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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Multiple Choice Questions<\/h3>\n\n\n