Chapter 10 - International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond

Why did the superpowers move towards détente in the 1960s?

Cuban Missile Crisis confirmed US nuclear superiority, leading Russia to seek better relations

Increased nuclear parity led both states to accept strategic status quo

Solidarity within NATO led the US to bargain from strength

All of the above

None

What options did the Kennedy administration consider during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Stationing new missiles in Turkey to pressure Russia

Opening of relations with China

Forming a naval “quarantine” around Cuba

Bargaining the status of Berlin in return for removing missiles from Cuba

None

Which statements about nuclear weapons is the best description of the situation in the 1960s?

Increased nuclear arsenals allowed greater leverage in regional conflicts like Vietnam

The main goal of the Limited Test Ban Treaty was to forbid all nuclear tests in order to forestall proliferation

MAD asserted the ability to launch a surprise attack would prevent enemy aggression

Expansion of nuclear arsenals seemed to reduce their practicality

None

Which statements best describe European détente?

Western Europe was worried by new US policy of “flexible response”, fearing US would not escalate crises to nuclear war

In 1967, NATO formally adopted a policy of engaging in improved relations with the east to break down barriers

West German Ostpolitik aimed to build German reunification by accepting the existence of East Germany

All of the above

None

Which of the following countries asserted an independent course from the Soviet Union in the 1960s?

Czechoslovakia

Romania

China

All of the above

None

Why did the Sino-Soviet relationship break down in the 1960s?

Chinese anger at lack of Soviet aid

Soviet anger at Chinese goal of peaceful co-existence

Chinese demands for sterner crackdown on revisionists in Czechoslovakia in 1968

Soviet anger at delays to Chinese atomic bomb project

None

Why were conditions right for the US to pursue détente with China and the Soviet Union in the late 1960s?

Awareness of Sino-Soviet hostility after Ussuri River clash

China had achieved nuclear parity with the Soviets and could bargain from a position of strength

Desire to leverage China and the Soviet Union to end the Vietnam War

A and C

None

What were some of the agreements resulting from superpower détente in the early 1970s?

Hotline agreement

Limited Test Ban Treaty

SALT

A and B

None

Which of the following were among the "baskets" of the Helsinki Accords?

Inviolability of borders

Ban on anti-ballistic missiles

Timeline for German reunification

Free trade agreement

None

10.

Why did détente decline?

US anger at Soviet expansion of influence in Africa

Soviet anger at ideological crusade by Nixon

Inability of Carter to achieve his goal of breaking down ideological barriers

Assertive American military posture from 1975

None