Neutralism, Development, and the Rise of the Third World, 1945-2023
Multiple Choice Questions
Exam Questions
Discussion Questions
Contrast the experiences of Austria, Sweden, and Yugoslavia in maintaining neutrality in the Cold War.
To what extent were European states successful in avoiding alignment with Soviet Union or NATO?
How does non-alignment differ from neutrality?
Why is the concept of the “Third World” so contested?
How did Nehru seek to position Indian foreign policy in the 1950s?
What divisions emerged within the Non-Aligned Movement by the late 1950s?
What were the goals of the Non-Aligned Movement?
How did the Group of 77 attempt to revive the Non-Aligned Movement?
What other international groupings advocated for the interests of developing states in the 1960s & 1970s?
What were structural adjustment programmes and how did they fit into changing relationships between the global north and south from the 1980s?
Exam Questions
To what extent did newly independent African and/or Asian states reject the paradigm of the Cold War?
How did neutralism in Europe differ from that of the developing world?
The Non-Aligned Movement failed to alter dynamics of global politics. Discuss.
Weblinks
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1941nehru.asp – text of Nehru statement on non-alignment 1941
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1955sukarno-bandong.asp – text of Bandung Conference opening speech 1955
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1955nehru-bandung2.asp – text of Nehru speech at Bandung Conference 1955
https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog128/node/719#:~:text=Using%20these%20ideas%2C%20Rostow%20penned,age%20of%20high%20mass%20consumption. – text excerpt & discussion of Rostow’s The Stage’s of Economic Growth on development policy
https://www.un.org/en/conferences/environment/stockholm1972 – text of 1972 Stockholm Declaration on sustainable development
http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112437 – statement by Zhou Enlai regarding upcoming visit to India and plans for regional peace 1954
http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112893 – Chinese foreign ministry memorandum on Asian-African conference 1955
http://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/112300 – Soviet document on meeting with Indonesian foreign ministry regarding Africa-Asia conference 1958
https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf – Rio Declaration on Environment and Sustainable Development 1992
http://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/16/world/reagan-bids-third-world-adopt-free-enterprise-to-battle-poverty.html – Reagan statement on role of free enterprise in Third World development 1981
Bibliography
Basosi, Duccio, “‘Something that Apparently Troubles the Cubans Significantly’: Jimmy Carter’s Attempt to Pressure Cuba ‘Out of Africa’ through the Non-Aligned Movement, 1977-78”, Cold War History (published online Dec. 2023).
Byrne, Jeffrey James, “Beyond Continents, Colours, and the Cold War: Yugoslavia, Algeria, and the Struggle for Non-Alignment”, International History Review, 37:5 (2015) 912-932.
Byrne, Jeffrey James, Mecca of Revolution: Algeria, Decolonization, and the Third World Order (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016).
Gerits, Frank, “Hungry Minds: Eisenhower’s Cultural Assistance to Sub-Saharan Africa, 1953-1961”, Diplomatic History 41:3 (2017) 594-619.
Gettig, Eric, “‘Trouble Ahead in Afro-Asia’: The United States, the Second Bandung Conference, and the Struggle for the Third World, 1964-1965”, Diplomatic History 39:1 (2015) 126-156.
Kedar, Claudia, “Economic Neutrality during the Cold War: The World Bank, the United States, and Pinochet’s Chile, 1973-1977”, Cold War History 18:2 (2018) 149-167.
O’Malley, Alanna, “Ghana, India, and the Transitional Dynamics of the Congo Crisis at the United Nations, 1960-1”, International History Review 37:5 (2015) 970-990.
Onslow, Sue, “The Commonwealth and the Cold War, Neutralism, and Non-Alignment”, International History Review 37:5 (2015) 1059-1082.
Pettinà, Vanni, “Global Horizons: Mexico, the Third World, and the Non-Aligned Movement at the Time of the 1961 Belgrade Conference”, International History Review 38:4 (2016) 741-764.
Rakove, Robert B., “The Rise and Fall of Non-Aligned Mediation,1961-6”, International History Review 37:5 (2015) 991-1013.
Williamson, Jeffrey G., Trade and Poverty: When the Third World Fell Behind (Cambridge, MIT Press, 2011).