{"id":11,"date":"2025-08-12T19:33:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T19:33:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/?p=11"},"modified":"2025-09-05T16:39:03","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T16:39:03","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/chapter-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group subtitle-wrapper is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a77db08e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading has-large-font-size\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-1\">Chapter 1<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-large-font-size\">An Overview of Rhetoric&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f8d88e3b wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#fff1e894;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-overview\">Chapter Overview<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>Chapter One<\/strong> considers some common meanings of the term rhetoric, such as empty talk, beautiful language, or persuasion. Rhetoric is defined as the study or practice of effective symbolic expression; rhetoric refers to a type of discourse marked by several characteristics that include being planned, adapted to an audience, and responsive to a set of circumstances. The chapter also considers some of the rhetoric\u2019s social functions such as testing ideas, assisting advocacy, and building communities.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-review-questions\">Review Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032813141\/reviewquestions\/ReviewQuestionsChapter1.docx\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;background-color:#064a6d;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">Download Worksheet<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tap to reveal the author&#8217;s responses when you&#8217;re ready to check your answers.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"accordionGroup\" class=\"accordion-isr\">\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-0\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-0\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                1. How is Rhetoric defined in the chapter?                  <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-0\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-0\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW135522917 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW135522917 BCX0\">The systematic presentation of rhetoric\u2019s principles, descriptions of its various functions, and explanations of how rhetoric achieves its goals.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW135522917 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-1\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-1\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                2. How is Rhetorical theory defined in the chapter?                  <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-1\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW259235363 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW259235363 BCX0\">The systematic presentation of rhetoric\u2019s principles, descriptions of its various functions, and explanations of how rhetoric achieves its goals.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW259235363 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-2\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-2\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                3. Which specific resources of language are discussed under the heading \u201cRhetoric is Planned\u201d?                 <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-2\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Inventio <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(invention): the process of discovering the arguments and evidence for a case.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Dispositio <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(arrangement): effective ordering of arguments and appeals.\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span data-contrast=\"none\">Elocutio <\/span><\/i><span data-contrast=\"none\">(style): the process of finding the right linguistic style for one\u2019s message.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:720,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-3\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-3\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                4. What social functions of the art of rhetoric are discussed in this chapter?                  <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-3\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p><span data-contrast=\"none\">Six social functions of rhetoric are:\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Ideas are tested\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1070,&quot;335559737&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Advocacy is assisted\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1070,&quot;335559737&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Power is distributed\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1070,&quot;335559737&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Facts are discovered\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1070,&quot;335559737&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Knowledge is shaped\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1070,&quot;335559737&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span data-contrast=\"none\">Communities are built\u00a0<\/span><span data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559685&quot;:1070,&quot;335559737&quot;:1,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n    <h3>\n        <button type=\"button\" aria-expanded=\"false\" class=\"accordion-isr-trigger\" aria-controls=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-4\" id=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-4\">\n            <span class=\"accordion-isr-title\">\n                5. What is meant by the statement that rhetoric addresses contingent issues?                  <span class=\"accordion-isr-icon\"><\/span>\n            <\/span>\n        <\/button>\n    <\/h3>\n    <div id=\"sect-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"accordion-isr-accordion_repeater69eb680041dbc-4\" class=\"accordion-isr-panel\" hidden>\n        <div class=\"accordion-isr-body\">\n            <p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW10941734 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW10941734 BCX0\">Rhetoric addresses issues that are undetermined or that have alternative possibilities. Rhetoric does not address issues that are sure to happen or sure not to happen (i.e. the sun rising tomorrow, or France becoming the fifty-first American state). Rhetoric addresses issues that need deliberation where a case can be made for one side of an issue and against other options.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW10941734 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{&quot;201341983&quot;:0,&quot;335559737&quot;:12,&quot;335559739&quot;:5,&quot;335559740&quot;:270}\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n\n\n\n<\/div><!--end panel group-->\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-style:none;border-width:0px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Put your Chapter 1 knowledge to the test!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-width:1px\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"1\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"1\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 1\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"1\",\"pagekey\":\"68aca75769043\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":\"\",\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":\"0\",\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":\"1\",\"section_comments\":1,\"total_questions\":10,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\",\"empty_grid_radio_checkbox_text\":null,\"empty_audio_text\":\"Please upload audio!\"},\"question_list\":{\"26\":{\"question_id\":\"26\",\"quiz_id\":\"1\",\"question_name\":\"Which of the following is not considered one of the six social functions of rhetoric? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:17:\\\"Ideas are tested \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:19:\\\"Knowledge is shaped\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:21:\\\"Advocacy is assisted \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:22:\\\"Wealth is distributed \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 1\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Ideas are tested \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Knowledge is shaped\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Advocacy is assisted \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Wealth is distributed \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"27\":{\"question_id\":\"27\",\"quiz_id\":\"1\",\"question_name\":\"The word rhetor can be defined as: \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:30:\\\"A type of rhetorical argument \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:63:\\\"Anyone engaged in preparing or presenting rhetorical discourse \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:41:\\\"An abbreviation for rhetorical discourse \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:71:\\\"The name of the ancient Greek city that was the birthplace of rhetoric \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 2\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"A type of rhetorical argument \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Anyone engaged in preparing or presenting rhetorical discourse \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"An abbreviation for rhetorical discourse \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The name of the ancient Greek city that was the birthplace of rhetoric \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"28\":{\"question_id\":\"28\",\"quiz_id\":\"1\",\"question_name\":\"After many instances of racial discrimination are covered in the news, a theater company decides to put on a performance in which a plea for racial harmony is advanced. Which attribute of rhetoric is highlighted from this example? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:24:\\\"Rhetoric as conciliatory\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:30:\\\"Rhetoric as discovering facts \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:26:\\\"Rhetoric as personal power\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:23:\\\"Rhetoric as responsive \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 3\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Rhetoric as conciliatory\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Rhetoric as discovering facts \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Rhetoric as personal power\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Rhetoric as responsive \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"29\":{\"question_id\":\"29\",\"quiz_id\":\"1\",\"question_name\":\"The attribute most often associated with rhetoric is its pursuit of persuasion. Though some rhetorical texts try to be more persuasive than others. 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<\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-1 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm1\" id=\"quizForm1\" action=\"\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_1\" value=\"3ec0d74618\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_1\" value=\"69eb680048f9c\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-26 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following is not considered one of the six social functions of rhetoric? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question26-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question26\" id=\"question26_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question26_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIdeas are tested\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question26-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question26\" id=\"question26_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question26_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tKnowledge is shaped\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question26-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question26\" id=\"question26_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question26_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAdvocacy is assisted\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question26-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question26\" id=\"question26_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question26_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWealth is distributed\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question26_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question26\" id=\"question26_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_26\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-27 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The word rhetor can be defined as: <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question27-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question27\" id=\"question27_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question27_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA type of rhetorical argument\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question27-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question27\" id=\"question27_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question27_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAnyone engaged in preparing or presenting rhetorical discourse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question27-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question27\" id=\"question27_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question27_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAn abbreviation for rhetorical discourse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question27-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question27\" id=\"question27_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question27_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe name of the ancient Greek city that was the birthplace of rhetoric\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question27_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question27\" id=\"question27_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_27\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-28 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>After many instances of racial discrimination are covered in the news, a theater company decides to put on a performance in which a plea for racial harmony is advanced. Which attribute of rhetoric is highlighted from this example? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question28-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question28\" id=\"question28_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question28_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRhetoric as conciliatory\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question28-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question28\" id=\"question28_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question28_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRhetoric as discovering facts\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question28-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question28\" id=\"question28_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question28_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRhetoric as personal power\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question28-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question28\" id=\"question28_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question28_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRhetoric as responsive\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question28_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question28\" id=\"question28_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_28\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-29 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The attribute most often associated with rhetoric is its pursuit of persuasion. Though some rhetorical texts try to be more persuasive than others. Which of the following is the most explicitly persuasive?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question29-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question29\" id=\"question29_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question29_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA presidential candidate\u2019s campaign speech\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question29-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question29\" id=\"question29_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question29_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA news report on a link between stress and childhood obesity\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question29-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question29\" id=\"question29_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question29_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA scientific article on the amount of carbon emissions produced annually\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question29-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question29\" id=\"question29_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question29_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA comedian\u2019s monologue on how bad airline food is\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question29_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question29\" id=\"question29_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_29\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-30 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p> Issues of power and its distribution have always been central to rhetorical theory.  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question30-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question30\" id=\"question30_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question30_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question30-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question30\" id=\"question30_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question30_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question30_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question30\" id=\"question30_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_30\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-31 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Concerns about the ethical implications of rhetorical persuasion have only recently developed and are largely due to its use in the political arena.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question31-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question31\" id=\"question31_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question31_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question31-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question31\" id=\"question31_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question31_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question31_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question31\" id=\"question31_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_31\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-32 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>One social function of rhetoric is that it brings new facts to light through the clash of arguments.  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question32-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question32\" id=\"question32_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question32_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question32-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question32\" id=\"question32_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question32_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question32_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question32\" id=\"question32_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_32\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-46 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Understanding the art of rhetoric enhances personal power, <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question46[]' \/> power, and political power.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-47 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question47[]' \/> is defined as discourse characterized by reasons advanced to support a conclusion, as well as reasoning made public with the goal of influencing an audience.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-48 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Richard Lanham has defined rhetoric as the study of \u201chow attention is created and allocated.\u201d For this reason, he speaks of rhetoric as teaching the <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank ' name='question48[]' \/><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"26Q27Q28Q29Q30Q31Q32Q46Q47Q48Q\" 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tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>&nbsp;Think you know the term? Click to check!&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>A system of belief, or a framework for interpreting the world.  <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>ideology<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Any mark, sign, sound or gesture that communicates meaning based on social agreement. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>symbol<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>The systematic study and intentional practice of effective symbolic expression. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>rhetoric<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>A conclusion supported by reasons. Reasoning made public with the goal of influencing an audience. <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>argument<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n      } else {\n        announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n      if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n        flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n        const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n        const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-essay-questions\">Essay Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In Chapter One, a description of rhetorical <em>discourse <\/em>is advanced. Identify and describe the various characteristics that define the type of discourse called rhetoric. Provide examples of these characteristics in discourse, drawn either from your own experience or from the text.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter One described the <em>art <\/em>of rhetoric. Identify and describe the social functions this art performs. Illustrate your answer with your own examples, or with examples from the text.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Dive deeper with hand-picked online resources&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Academic article analyzing emotional rhetoric used during COVID-19 pandemic: &nbsp;<br>Widmann, Tobias. \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pops.12831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Fear, Hope, and COVID\u201019: Emotional Elite Rhetoric and Its Impact on the Public During the First Wave of the COVID\u201019 Pandemic.<\/a>\u201d\u202f<em>Political Psychology<\/em>\u202f43, no. 5 (2022): 827\u201350.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/hWQwl84SQGo?si=V4sDeAQzi6fS7LjG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cGravity\u201d composed by Steven Price<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/3sYbxpuPF-8?si=6EMnqrA8Y5gUtKpG\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u201cKarma\u201d performed at Taylor Swift\u2019s The Eras Tour<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/bYks_-fPmaE?si=SqfY7H7WRKPfrGIj\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Trailer of Netflix\u2019s NYAD<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/SNuZ4OE6vCk?si=DhogNofQFIv0zkMF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Koko the Gorilla\u2019s use of language<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-recommended-readings\">Recommended Readings <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Want to learn more? Check out these bonus readings!&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Michael Billig. <em>Arguing and Thinking<\/em>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Critical Questions<\/em>. Ed. W. Nothstine, C. Blair, G. A. Copeland. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1994: 350\u2013382.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Barry Brummett. <em>Rhetoric in Popular Culture<\/em>. New York: St. Martin\u2019s Press, 1994.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>William A. Covino. <em>Magic, Rhetoric, and Literacy<\/em>. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1995.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard Leo Enos. <em>Greek Rhetoric Before Aristotle<\/em>. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc., 1993.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ann Gill. <em>Rhetoric and Human Understanding<\/em>. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press, Inc. 1994.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard B. Gregg. <em>Symbolic Inducement and Knowing: A Study in the Foundations of Rhetoric<\/em>. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press, 1984.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>George Kennedy. <em>Classical Rhetoric and its Christian and Secular Tradition from Ancient Modern Times<\/em>. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 1980.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Richard Lanham, <em>The Economics of Attention: Style and Substance in the Age of Information<\/em> (Chicago,&nbsp;IL: University of Chicago Press, 2007).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Catherine Helen Palczewski, Richard Ice, John Fritch, Ryan McGeough, <em>Rhetoric in Civic Life<\/em> (Third&nbsp;Edition). State College, PA: Strata, 2022: esp. 104.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert D. Putnam, <em>Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community <\/em>(New York, NY:&nbsp;Simon &amp; Schuster, 2000).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robin Reames, <em>The Ancient Art of Thinking For Yourself: The Power of Rhetoric in Polarized Times<\/em>&nbsp;(New York: Basic, 2024), 9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Robert L. Scott. \u201cOn Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic.\u201d <em>Central States Speech Journal <\/em>18 (February 1967): 9\u201316.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jan Swearinga. <em>Rhetoric and Irony<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Present State of Scholarship in Historical and Contemporary Rhetoric<\/em>. Ed. Winifred Bryan Horner. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1990.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The Present State of Scholarship in the History of Rhetoric: A Twenty-First Century Guide<\/em>. Ed. Lyn\u00e9e Lewis Gaillet, Winifred Bryan Horner.<strong> <\/strong>Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 2010.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Brian Vickers. <em>In Defense of Rhetoric<\/em>. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Writing Histories of Rhetoric<\/em>. Ed. Victor Vitanza. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press, 1994: 112\u2013127. &nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-chapter-overview\">Chapter Overview<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-review-questions\">Review Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-quiz\">Quiz<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-essay-questions\">Essay Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-weblinks\">Weblinks<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-recommended-readings\">Recommended Readings<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 1 An Overview of Rhetoric&nbsp; Chapter Overview Chapter One considers some common meanings of the term rhetoric, such as empty talk, beautiful language, or persuasion. Rhetoric is defined as the study or practice of effective symbolic expression; rhetoric refers to a type of discourse marked by several characteristics that include being planned, adapted to&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11"}],"version-history":[{"count":19,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":294,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11\/revisions\/294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/historyofrhetoric\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}