{"id":97,"date":"2025-04-08T13:32:24","date_gmt":"2025-04-08T13:32:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/?page_id=97"},"modified":"2025-09-05T13:29:18","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T13:29:18","slug":"chapter-1","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/chapter-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-7cdfd5fcf9d14a3a5b548198284bfed2\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Introduction&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-cba01e8d081f11ab5ffaa8c91e3020ef\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Quizzes&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#cccccc;border-width:1px;background-color:#f7f7f7;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"6\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"6\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 1 MCQ Single Answer\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"1\",\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"6\",\"pagekey\":\"aXhblfQu\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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U.S. Biden Administration continued the tariff war policies of the populist Trump Administration.\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:4:\\\"TRUE\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:5:\\\"FALSE\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:21:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"inline-drop-down\\\";i:1;s:14:\\\"drop-down-type\\\";s:6:\\\"single\\\";s:13:\\\"advance-polar\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"TRUE\",0,1],[\"FALSE\",0,0]]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-6 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm6\" id=\"quizForm6\" action=\"\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/97\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_6\" value=\"00380c8dc9\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_6\" value=\"69eb119d0a516\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-23 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>In contrast to economists, political scientists tend to see the most important variable\/factor in GPE as ______.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question23-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question23\" id=\"question23_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question23_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPower\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question23-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question23\" id=\"question23_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question23_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMoney\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question23-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question23\" id=\"question23_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question23_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrade\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question23-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question23\" id=\"question23_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question23_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFinance\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question23_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question23\" id=\"question23_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_23\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-172 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following are considered as the key levels of analysis in GPE. Select all that apply:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question172[]\" id=\"question172_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question172_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDomestic politics\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question172[]\" id=\"question172_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question172_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMinisterial politics\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question172[]\" id=\"question172_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question172_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIndividual leadership\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question172[]\" id=\"question172_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question172_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tInterstate rivalry\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_172\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-173 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The New International Economic Order (NIEO) included which of the following demands by the South. Choose all that apply:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question173[]\" id=\"question173_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question173_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tintellectual property weakening\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question173[]\" id=\"question173_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question173_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tincreasing resource sovereignty\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question173[]\" id=\"question173_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question173_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tfreer migration flows\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question173[]\" id=\"question173_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question173_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tmore equality in terms of trade\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_173\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-174 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The shift from IPE to GPE was based on the need to shift focus beyond a singular actor, the <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question174[]' \/> .<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-175 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Populist movements can be considered a way for marginalizes social actors to express their cumulative <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question175[]' \/> .<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-176 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>GNP adds what factors to the calculation of GDP, <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question176[]' \/> and <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question176[]' \/> .<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-177 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>An example of market failure is when there is a high level of competition in an industry.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question177-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question177\" id=\"question177_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question177_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question177-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question177\" id=\"question177_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question177_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question177_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question177\" id=\"question177_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_177\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-178 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The \u201cbroadening\u201d aspect of globalization refers to the idea that there are more frequent and intense interactions between state and non-state actors.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question178-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question178\" id=\"question178_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question178_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question178-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question178\" id=\"question178_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question178_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question178_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question178\" id=\"question178_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_178\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-179 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Migration played a crucial role in the Brexit vote.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question179-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question179\" id=\"question179_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question179_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question179-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question179\" id=\"question179_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question179_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question179_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question179\" id=\"question179_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_179\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-180 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The U.S. Biden Administration continued the tariff war policies of the populist Trump Administration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question180-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question180\" id=\"question180_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question180_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question180-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question180\" id=\"question180_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question180_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question180_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question180\" id=\"question180_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_180\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"23Q172Q173Q174Q175Q176Q177Q178Q179Q180Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"6\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-1484ee8821deb8a4bfb61a2fbd37c264\" style=\"color:#0f476a\"><strong>Watch, Listen, Read, and Explore&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This content includes videos, podcasts, articles, readings, and other resources to help you understand and explore the content covered in the chapter. Most readings are freely available, although anything marked with an asterisk may require institutional log-in (e.g., through your university). Freely available data sources are also included to explore and further research.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-1b4110a70dedd7f9138041547b7bd8bc\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Videos&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Watch Andy Hira\u2019s lecture on financial tools and instruments, available to stream here: <a href=\"https:\/\/stream.sfu.ca\/Media\/Play\/6ce1970130c84237972b5e7c0a0a31171d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/stream.sfu.ca\/Media\/Play\/6ce1970130c84237972b5e7c0a0a31171d<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See <a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/lecture-videos\/\" title=\"Lecture Videos\">Lecture Video<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-e71567cb862808fe31dcc6148c06ced6\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Podcasts&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AEI PE podcast, <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/political-economy-with-jim-pethokoukis\/id589914386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/political-economy-with-jim-pethokoukis\/id589914386<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feedspot, weekly PE podcast, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.feedspot.com\/reader\/fe\/5282793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.feedspot.com\/reader\/fe\/5282793<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>James Morrison, Middlebury College, IPE, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iheart.com\/podcast\/256-podcast-international-poli-31006503\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.iheart.com\/podcast\/256-podcast-international-poli-31006503\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Podcast overview of this textbook: <a href=\"https:\/\/blog.milliondollarbookagency.com\/anil-hira-author-of-global-political-economy-theory-and-practice\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/blog.milliondollarbookagency.com\/anil-hira-author-of-global-political-economy-theory-and-practice\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U of Washington, PE podcast, <a href=\"https:\/\/sites.uw.edu\/uwpoliticaleconomy\/podcasts\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/sites.uw.edu\/uwpoliticaleconomy\/podcasts\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Zoltan Pogatsa, PE podcast, <a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/0xJKwtEX8pv6bvQZxYZXMk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/show\/0xJKwtEX8pv6bvQZxYZXMk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-71cc2ffe4cd8b2de1da7992260d0b810\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Theories&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is theory: <a href=\"https:\/\/users.ssc.wisc.edu\/~jpiliavi\/357\/theory.white.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/users.ssc.wisc.edu\/~jpiliavi\/357\/theory.white.pdf<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Theories and social science, <a href=\"https:\/\/bookdown.org\/josiesmith\/qrmbook\/theories-and-social-science.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/bookdown.org\/josiesmith\/qrmbook\/theories-and-social-science.html<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social science vs. Natural science theories: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/philosophy-of-social-science\/The-nature-of-theory-in-social-science\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.britannica.com\/topic\/philosophy-of-social-science\/The-nature-of-theory-in-social-science<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Review of GPE theories: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26986034?seq=17\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/26986034?seq=17<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-fd6951b21ad5906f2c85d48206d01508\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Case Study Materials&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>The Economist<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Financial Times,<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ft.com\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>The Guardian<\/em>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/international\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/international<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>The New York Times, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/<\/em><\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Economics and Finance, <a href=\"https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/economics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/oxfordre.com\/economics<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-e9df80fffad32c0b1564fa7eeafb8885\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Basic Economic Concepts&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.econlib.org\/cee\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.econlib.org\/cee\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/economics-a-to-z\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.economist.com\/economics-a-to-z<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-ca2797c890169aadd35360e9c517de1e\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Free Classic PE Texts&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.econlib.org\/books-by-author\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.econlib.org\/books-by-author\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-21c53de307eb79d47e0f413dc5bd45c9\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Selected Sources of Free Data&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Macroeconomic, demographic and development indicators, <a href=\"https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/databank.worldbank.org\/source\/world-development-indicators<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Official Development Assistance (ODA), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/topics\/policy-issues\/official-development-assistance-oda.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/topics\/policy-issues\/official-development-assistance-oda.html<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trade and Production Profiles, <a href=\"https:\/\/oec.world\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/oec.world\/en<\/a> &#8211; the <a href=\"https:\/\/oec.world\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Observatory of Economic Complexity (OEC)<\/a> is an online data visualization and distribution platform focused on the geography and dynamics of economic activities. The OEC integrates and distributes data from a variety of sources to empower analysts in the private sector, public sector, and academia.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Investment, <a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/topic\/investment\/world-investment-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unctad.org\/topic\/investment\/world-investment-report<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>See also <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ft.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">FT<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.economist.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Economist<\/a> for exchange rate and updated sovereign debt information&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction&nbsp; Quizzes&nbsp; Watch, Listen, Read, and Explore&nbsp; This content includes videos, podcasts, articles, readings, and other resources to help you understand and explore the content covered in the chapter. Most readings are freely available, although anything marked with an asterisk may require institutional log-in (e.g., through your university). Freely available data sources are also included&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-97","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/97","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=97"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/97\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":456,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/97\/revisions\/456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=97"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}