{"id":203,"date":"2025-05-06T13:54:15","date_gmt":"2025-05-06T13:54:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/?page_id=203"},"modified":"2025-09-05T14:44:54","modified_gmt":"2025-09-05T14:44:54","slug":"chapter-10","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/chapter-10\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 10"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-e8e2eaf9f06bfe27a32c560bb9a31b2d\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">MNCs and Global Production&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-cba01e8d081f11ab5ffaa8c91e3020ef\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Quizzes&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Test your knowledge with the Chapter 10 quiz!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-border-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-color:#cccccc;border-width:1px;background-color:#f7f7f7;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"15\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 10 MCQ Single Answers\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"1\",\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"15\",\"pagekey\":\"Yfe6ZW5X\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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the obsolescing bargaining model, a host state accepting FDI tends to gain leverage over time.\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:4:\\\"TRUE\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:5:\\\"FALSE\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:21:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 9\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"inline-drop-down\\\";i:1;s:14:\\\"drop-down-type\\\";s:6:\\\"single\\\";s:13:\\\"advance-polar\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"TRUE\",0,1],[\"FALSE\",0,0]]},\"254\":{\"question_id\":\"254\",\"quiz_id\":\"15\",\"question_name\":\"Studies of MNCs show that they generally create jobs overseas.\",\"answer_array\":\"a:2:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:4:\\\"TRUE\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:5:\\\"FALSE\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"False, the studies are ambiguous.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:21:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:11:\\\"isPublished\\\";s:1:\\\"1\\\";s:16:\\\"inline-drop-down\\\";i:1;s:14:\\\"drop-down-type\\\";s:6:\\\"single\\\";s:13:\\\"advance-polar\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:12:\\\"answer_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"placeholder_text\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";s:15:\\\"min_text_length\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"TRUE\",0,0],[\"FALSE\",0,1]]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-15 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm15\" id=\"quizForm15\" action=\"\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_15\" value=\"98378697bc\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_15\" value=\"69eb3c5d371ea\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-48 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The I in OLI stands for:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question48-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question48\" id=\"question48_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question48_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tInternationalization\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question48-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question48\" id=\"question48_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question48_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tInternalization\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question48-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question48\" id=\"question48_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question48_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tInterfirm\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question48-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question48\" id=\"question48_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question48_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tinvestment\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question48_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question48\" id=\"question48_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_48\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-49 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The key dynamic factor in Vernon\u2019s product cycle theory is:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question49-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question49\" id=\"question49_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question49_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tstandardization of the production process\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question49-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question49\" id=\"question49_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question49_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFDI shifting production\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question49-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question49\" id=\"question49_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question49_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrade liberalizing markets\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question49-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question49\" id=\"question49_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question49_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIntellectual property enforcement\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question49_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question49\" id=\"question49_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_49\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-50 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Global Compact is a regime that is:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question50-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question50\" id=\"question50_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question50_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tpart of the WTO\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question50-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question50\" id=\"question50_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question50_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\trun by member states\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question50-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question50\" id=\"question50_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question50_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tvoluntary\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question50-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question50\" id=\"question50_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question50_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tthe first major treaty on portfolio capital\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question50_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question50\" id=\"question50_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_50\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-248 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question248[]' \/> investment is the purchase of existing facilities.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-249 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The most controversial aspect of NAFTA was Chapter <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question249[]' \/> , which built in investment protection from state actions.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-14  question-section-id-250 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm-align-fill-in-blanks qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question250[]' \/> Agreement on <input type='text' class='qmn_fill_blank mlwRequiredText' name='question250[]' \/> sought to develop global guidelines around FDI.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-251 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>An example of portfolio investment is purchase of an overseas factory by an MNC.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question251-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question251\" id=\"question251_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question251_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question251-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question251\" id=\"question251_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question251_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question251_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question251\" id=\"question251_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_251\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-252 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>An example of vertical integration is purchasing raw materials suppliers.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question252-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question252\" id=\"question252_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question252_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question252-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question252\" id=\"question252_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question252_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question252_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question252\" id=\"question252_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_252\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-253 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>In the obsolescing bargaining model, a host state accepting FDI tends to gain leverage over time.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question253-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question253\" id=\"question253_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question253_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question253-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question253\" id=\"question253_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question253_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question253_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question253\" id=\"question253_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_253\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-254 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Studies of MNCs show that they generally create jobs overseas.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question254-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question254\" id=\"question254_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question254_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTRUE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question254-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question254\" id=\"question254_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question254_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFALSE\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question254_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question254\" id=\"question254_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_254\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"48Q49Q50Q248Q249Q250Q251Q252Q253Q254Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"15\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-d1c9730d758fa5921098616072b94bdb\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Watch, Listen, Read, and Explore&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This content includes videos, podcasts, articles, readings, and other resources to help you understand and explore the content covered in the chapter. Most readings are freely available, although anything marked with an asterisk may require institutional log-in (e.g., through your university). Freely available data sources are also included to explore and further research.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-1b4110a70dedd7f9138041547b7bd8bc\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Videos&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>See <a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/lecture-videos\/\" title=\"Lecture Videos\">Lecture Videos<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Allen Sens, MNCs: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FCojpFwWuG0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=FCojpFwWuG0<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Global Goliaths<\/em> book launch, Brookings Institute: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vBpkwz7-sKo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=vBpkwz7-sKo<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Colin Mayer- the transformational power of multinational business (TEDxEastEnd): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XLdiBNYGd-Y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=XLdiBNYGd-Y<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-e71567cb862808fe31dcc6148c06ced6\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Podcasts&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cMusings about MNCs,\u201d podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/musings-about-multinational-corporations\/id1741847147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/musings-about-multinational-corporations\/id1741847147<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UNCTAD podcast, \u201cMultinational manoeuvres: How rule-shopping by big companies dilutes development\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/podcast\/multinational-manoeuvres-how-rule-shopping-big-companies-dilutes-development\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unctad.org\/podcast\/multinational-manoeuvres-how-rule-shopping-big-companies-dilutes-development<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BBC \u201cCompany vs. Country\u201d podcast: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p02xlxtm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p02xlxtm<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IFS \u201cHow should we tax MNCs? Podcast\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/how-should-we-tax-multinational-corporations\/id1511294104?i=1000556367302\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/podcasts.apple.com\/us\/podcast\/how-should-we-tax-multinational-corporations\/id1511294104?i=1000556367302<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-0c542f176e20013b73cd56b2a9bdc6ea\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Readings&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UNCTAD, <em>TNCS: Investment and Development<\/em> Journal: <a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/Topic\/Investment\/Transnational-Corporations-Journal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unctad.org\/Topic\/Investment\/Transnational-Corporations-Journal<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) text (University of Oslo, Faculty of Law): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jus.uio.no\/english\/services\/library\/treaties\/09\/9-02\/agreement-on-investment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.jus.uio.no\/english\/services\/library\/treaties\/09\/9-02\/agreement-on-investment.html<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UNCTAD, Lessons from the MAI report (1999): <a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/psiteiitm22.en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unctad.org\/system\/files\/official-document\/psiteiitm22.en.pdf<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cThe Alarming Agreement on Investment (MAI) Now Being Negotiated at the OECD\u201d (<em>Public Citizen<\/em>): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/article\/the-alarming-multilateral-agreement-on-investment-mai-now-being-negotiated-at-the-oecd\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.citizen.org\/article\/the-alarming-multilateral-agreement-on-investment-mai-now-being-negotiated-at-the-oecd\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cJoining multinationals\u2019 supply chains can benefit domestic firms\u2019 performance\u201d (Alfaro-Urena et al. LSE, 2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/businessreview\/2023\/11\/21\/joining-multinationals-supply-chains-can-benefit-domestic-firms-performance\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/businessreview\/2023\/11\/21\/joining-multinationals-supply-chains-can-benefit-domestic-firms-performance\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cHow MNCS Break the Rules and Why It Matters\u201d (Cuervo-Cazurra et al., Insights @ Center for Emerging Markets, 2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/damore-mckim.northeastern.edu\/news\/how-multinational-companies-break-the-rules-and-why-it-matters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/damore-mckim.northeastern.edu\/news\/how-multinational-companies-break-the-rules-and-why-it-matters\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cThe China imperative for multinational companies\u201d (McKinsey Global Institute, 2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/mgi\/our-research\/the-china-imperative-for-multinational-companies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.mckinsey.com\/mgi\/our-research\/the-china-imperative-for-multinational-companies<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cFor MNCs, Big Decisions About China Are on Ice\u201d (Sch\u00fctte, INSEAD brief, 2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/knowledge.insead.edu\/strategy\/mncs-big-decisions-about-china-are-ice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/knowledge.insead.edu\/strategy\/mncs-big-decisions-about-china-are-ice<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Osler (law firm) case brief on Koch Supply &amp; Trading vs. Canada (NAFTA C. 11 case): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.osler.com\/en\/insights\/blogs\/arbitration\/no-property-no-investment-koch-industries-carbon-allowances-not-an-asset-under-nafta\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.osler.com\/en\/insights\/blogs\/arbitration\/no-property-no-investment-koch-industries-carbon-allowances-not-an-asset-under-nafta\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cESG investing has made little impact on the green energy transition so far. Why is that?\u201d (Hira, ESG Investing, <em>The Conversation<\/em>, 2023): <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/esg-investing-has-made-little-impact-on-the-green-energy-transition-so-far-why-is-that-206661\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/esg-investing-has-made-little-impact-on-the-green-energy-transition-so-far-why-is-that-206661<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color has-lora-font-family has-medium-font-size wp-elements-21c53de307eb79d47e0f413dc5bd45c9\" style=\"color:#0f476a\">Selected Sources of Free Data&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Columbia Center of Sustainable Development, <a href=\"https:\/\/ccsi.columbia.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ccsi.columbia.edu\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Forbes Global 2000, largest MNCs: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/lists\/global2000\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes: <a href=\"https:\/\/icsid.worldbank.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/icsid.worldbank.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UN Global Compact: <a href=\"https:\/\/unglobalcompact.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unglobalcompact.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UNCTAD, <em>World Investment Report:<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/unctad.org\/publications-search?f%5B0%5D=product%3A397\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/unctad.org\/publications-search?f%5B0%5D=product%3A397<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UN Trade and Development, International Investment Agreements Navigator: <a href=\"https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/investmentpolicy.unctad.org\/international-investment-agreements<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>MNCs and Global Production&nbsp; Quizzes&nbsp; Test your knowledge with the Chapter 10 quiz!&nbsp; Watch, Listen, Read, and Explore&nbsp; This content includes videos, podcasts, articles, readings, and other resources to help you understand and explore the content covered in the chapter. Most readings are freely available, although anything marked with an asterisk may require institutional log-in&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-203","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=203"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":484,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/203\/revisions\/484"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/globalpoliticaleconomy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}