{"id":470,"date":"2024-12-12T15:59:25","date_gmt":"2024-12-12T15:59:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/familycommunication\/?page_id=470"},"modified":"2025-11-24T11:31:38","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T11:31:38","slug":"chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/familycommunication\/chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
Authors Lally and Valentine-French in their 2022 book Lifespan development: A psychological perspective <\/em>4th<\/sup> edition, breakdown the six stages of life in their book. They stated on page 9, that \u201coriginally, most were concerned more with infants and children, now the field has expanded to include adolescence and even more recently, aging and the entire life span. Previously, the message was once you are 25, your development is essentially completed. Our academic knowledge of the lifespan has changed, and although there is still less research on adulthood than on childhood, adulthood is gaining increasing attention. This is particularly true now that the large cohort known as the \u201cbaby boomers\u201d are beginning to enter late adulthood. The assumption that early childhood experiences dictate our future is also being called into question. Rather, we have come to appreciate that growth and change continues throughout life and experience continues to have an impact on who we are and how we relate to others. We now recognize that adulthood is a dynamic period of life marked by continued cognitive, social, and psychological development.\u201d It\u2019s important to look at the whole lifespan of people to truly see how communication has impacted them throughout each stage in their life. Read below to learn more about each of the six life stages. <\/p>\n\n\n\nLally, M., & Valentine-French, S.\u202f(2022).\u202fLifespan development: A psychological perspective<\/em>\u202f(2nd ed.).\u202fMcGraw-Hill. <\/p>\n\n\n\nFlashcards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Attunement\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n refers to positive\u00a0behaviors\u00a0with the\u00a0fetus\u00a0during pregnancy such as\u00a0 warmth, interest, and\u00a0connection<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Developmental stages<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n occur in\u00a0relatively predictable\u00a0ways, with children transitioning from\u00a0 highly dependent babies to entering the educational system\u00a0 to launching into\u00a0 adulthood<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Digital natives<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n a term referring to children who are born into a culture\u00a0surrounded\u00a0 with devices and internet connectivity present in many aspects of daily\u00a0life<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Family privilege<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n which refers to the benefits received by those who belong to family\u00a0 systems perceived by society as superior, highlights how non-white families face\u00a0 barriers based on historical legacies of racism and\u00a0discrimination<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Horizontal stressors<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n are the issues that unfold over time, such as the developmental\u00a0 transitions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Individuation<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n meaning\u00a0that they\u00a0separate from early family and childhood identities to\u00a0 develop and express a unique personal\u00a0identity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Life-course perspective<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n which considers how families might experience stages\u00a0differently\u00a0 based on their unique structure, culture, or social\u00a0identities<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n " On-time" \u00a0events<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n fit the patterns we expect\u00a0in a given\u00a0culture, whereas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n " Off-time" events<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n differ from society\u2019s\u00a0expectations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vertical stressors<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n \n\n\nwhich stem from issues embedded in the community and larger\u00a0 society (e.g., racism, sexism, classism, ageism, anti-LGBTQI+ sentiment)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
Lally, M., & Valentine-French, S.\u202f(2022).\u202fLifespan development: A psychological perspective<\/em>\u202f(2nd ed.).\u202fMcGraw-Hill. <\/p>\n\n\n\nFlashcards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Attunement\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n refers to positive\u00a0behaviors\u00a0with the\u00a0fetus\u00a0during pregnancy such as\u00a0 warmth, interest, and\u00a0connection<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Developmental stages<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n occur in\u00a0relatively predictable\u00a0ways, with children transitioning from\u00a0 highly dependent babies to entering the educational system\u00a0 to launching into\u00a0 adulthood<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Digital natives<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n a term referring to children who are born into a culture\u00a0surrounded\u00a0 with devices and internet connectivity present in many aspects of daily\u00a0life<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Family privilege<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n which refers to the benefits received by those who belong to family\u00a0 systems perceived by society as superior, highlights how non-white families face\u00a0 barriers based on historical legacies of racism and\u00a0discrimination<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Horizontal stressors<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n are the issues that unfold over time, such as the developmental\u00a0 transitions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Individuation<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n meaning\u00a0that they\u00a0separate from early family and childhood identities to\u00a0 develop and express a unique personal\u00a0identity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Life-course perspective<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n which considers how families might experience stages\u00a0differently\u00a0 based on their unique structure, culture, or social\u00a0identities<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n " On-time" \u00a0events<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n fit the patterns we expect\u00a0in a given\u00a0culture, whereas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n " Off-time" events<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n differ from society\u2019s\u00a0expectations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n Vertical stressors<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n \n\n\nwhich stem from issues embedded in the community and larger\u00a0 society (e.g., racism, sexism, classism, ageism, anti-LGBTQI+ sentiment)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n
Attunement\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
refers to positive\u00a0behaviors\u00a0with the\u00a0fetus\u00a0during pregnancy such as\u00a0 warmth, interest, and\u00a0connection<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Developmental stages<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
occur in\u00a0relatively predictable\u00a0ways, with children transitioning from\u00a0 highly dependent babies to entering the educational system\u00a0 to launching into\u00a0 adulthood<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Digital natives<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
a term referring to children who are born into a culture\u00a0surrounded\u00a0 with devices and internet connectivity present in many aspects of daily\u00a0life<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Family privilege<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
which refers to the benefits received by those who belong to family\u00a0 systems perceived by society as superior, highlights how non-white families face\u00a0 barriers based on historical legacies of racism and\u00a0discrimination<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Horizontal stressors<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
are the issues that unfold over time, such as the developmental\u00a0 transitions<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Individuation<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
meaning\u00a0that they\u00a0separate from early family and childhood identities to\u00a0 develop and express a unique personal\u00a0identity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Life-course perspective<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
which considers how families might experience stages\u00a0differently\u00a0 based on their unique structure, culture, or social\u00a0identities<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
" On-time" \u00a0events<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
fit the patterns we expect\u00a0in a given\u00a0culture, whereas<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
" Off-time" events<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
differ from society\u2019s\u00a0expectations<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
Vertical stressors<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n