{"id":61,"date":"2024-03-26T14:10:56","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T14:10:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/?post_type=content&#038;p=61"},"modified":"2024-03-26T15:22:23","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T15:22:23","slug":"chapter-4-evaluating-abstracts","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/student-resources\/chapter-4-evaluating-abstracts\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4 &#8211; Evaluating Abstracts"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<section id=\"section-block--block_ce09f0c70d31f8ccd94eacb6b092e07e\" class=\"section-block\" style=\"background-color:#e0dbcf; padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);\" class=\"align wp-block-acf-block-json-section has-background\">\n    <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tHome\n<\/span><\/div>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\" id=\"anchor-1-chapter-4-evaluating-abstracts\">Chapter 4 &#8211; Evaluating Abstracts<\/h1>\n\n\n<p>Whether looking for research articles in library databases or using a specialized search engine like Google Scholar, one is likely to find dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of articles on any topic of interest. To help consumers of research decide if the article provides information about what they are looking for, article titles should be concise, specific, free of jargon or acronyms, while also mentioning such key attributes of the study as variables, participants, underlying theory, or any other special features that make the study stand out among other studies on the same topic. Moreover, caution should be exercised when the title implies causality or starts with a clever or catchy phrase not carrying important information about the study. These are the evaluation questions that this chapter applies to article titles, along with explanations and examples. The end-of-chapter exercises also provide a nice variety of actual article titles from studies recently published in academic journals in order to practice the evaluation criteria discussed in the chapter.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section id=\"section-block--block_9b4336d8c371d9cd5632aaa781a319c6\" class=\"section-block has-background has-white-background-color\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);\" class=\"align wp-block-acf-block-json-section has-background has-white-background-color\">\n    <div class=\"container-fluid\">\n        <div class=\"acf-innerblocks-container\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"anchor-2-multiple-choice-questions\">Multiple Choice Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"4\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"4\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 4\",\"disable_answer\":\"0\",\"ajax_show_correct\":\"0\",\"progress_bar\":\"0\",\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"2\":{\"id\":\"2\",\"quizID\":\"4\",\"pagekey\":\"X1RGEs3y\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":\"0\",\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"1\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":\"0\",\"enable_quick_result_mc\":\"0\",\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":\"0\",\"disable_mathjax\":\"0\",\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":0,\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":\"0\",\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":\"1\",\"section_comments\":\"1\",\"total_questions\":5,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\"},\"question_list\":{\"38\":{\"question_id\":\"38\",\"quiz_id\":\"4\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:70:\\\"The abstract should start out by identifying the purpose of the study.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:75:\\\"The highlights of research methodology should be mentioned in the abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:110:\\\"The study findings, including some easy-to-understand statistical results should be mentioned in the abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:99:\\\"\\u201cImplications for future research are discussed\\u201d is a good way to conclude an article abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:14:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:70:\\\"Which one of the following rules about article abstracts is INCORRECT?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"The abstract should start out by identifying the purpose of the study.\",0,0],[\"The highlights of research methodology should be mentioned in the abstract.\",0,0],[\"The study findings, including some easy-to-understand statistical results should be mentioned in the abstract.\",0,0],[\"\\u201cImplications for future research are discussed\\u201d is a good way to conclude an article abstract.\",0,1]]},\"39\":{\"question_id\":\"39\",\"quiz_id\":\"4\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:124:\\\"If a study evaluates the reliability or validity of a measure, the title of the measure should be mentioned in the abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:62:\\\"If a study tests a theory, it should be named in the abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:91:\\\"If a study has produced some interesting results, they should be mentioned in the abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:97:\\\"If a study leads to important new directions of research, it should be mentioned in the abstract.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:14:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:104:\\\"There are several important rules about article abstracts. Which one of the following is NOT among them?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"If a study evaluates the reliability or validity of a measure, the title of the measure should be mentioned in the abstract.\",0,0],[\"If a study tests a theory, it should be named in the abstract.\",0,0],[\"If a study has produced some interesting results, they should be mentioned in the abstract.\",0,0],[\"If a study leads to important new directions of research, it should be mentioned in the abstract.\",0,1]]},\"40\":{\"question_id\":\"40\",\"quiz_id\":\"4\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:65:\\\"Important features of the research methodology used in the study.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:42:\\\"Theory name if the study tests the theory.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:69:\\\"General references to implications and future directions of research.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:70:\\\"Specific names of the survey instruments being evaluated in the study.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:14:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:76:\\\"All of the following highlights should be included into an abstract, EXCEPT:\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Important features of the research methodology used in the study.\",0,0],[\"Theory name if the study tests the theory.\",0,0],[\"General references to implications and future directions of research.\",0,1],[\"Specific names of the survey instruments being evaluated in the study.\",0,0]]},\"41\":{\"question_id\":\"41\",\"quiz_id\":\"4\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:25:\\\"Definitions of key terms.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:19:\\\"Problem importance.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:19:\\\"Study participants.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:17:\\\"Research methods.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:14:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:68:\\\"An article abstract generally does NOT include one of the following:\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Definitions of key terms.\",0,1],[\"Problem importance.\",0,0],[\"Study participants.\",0,0],[\"Research methods.\",0,0]]},\"42\":{\"question_id\":\"42\",\"quiz_id\":\"4\",\"question_name\":\"\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:3:{i:0;s:35:\\\"Purpose, results, and implications.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:1;a:3:{i:0;s:30:\\\"Purpose, methods, and results.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:1;}i:2;a:3:{i:0;s:45:\\\"Implications, methods, and future directions.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}i:3;a:3:{i:0;s:44:\\\"Problem importance, objectives, and methods.\\\";i:1;d:0;i:2;i:0;}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"1\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:14:{s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:83:\\\"What are the key characteristics of a study that MUST be mentioned in the abstract?\\\";s:14:\\\"featureImageID\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:10:\\\"limit_text\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"0\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[[\"Purpose, results, and implications.\",0,0],[\"Purpose, methods, and results.\",0,1],[\"Implications, methods, and future directions.\",0,0],[\"Problem importance, objectives, and methods.\",0,0]]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-4 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm4\" id=\"quizForm4\" action=\"\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/61\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_4\" value=\"023649c76e\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_4\" value=\"69eba951e1503\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-38 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>1.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which one of the following rules about article abstracts is INCORRECT? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe abstract should start out by identifying the purpose of the study.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe highlights of research methodology should be mentioned in the abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe study findings, including some easy-to-understand statistical results should be mentioned in the abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\u201cImplications for future research are discussed\u201d is a good way to conclude an article abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question38_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_38\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-39 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>2.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>There are several important rules about article abstracts. Which one of the following is NOT among them? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIf a study evaluates the reliability or validity of a measure, the title of the measure should be mentioned in the abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIf a study tests a theory, it should be named in the abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIf a study has produced some interesting results, they should be mentioned in the abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIf a study leads to important new directions of research, it should be mentioned in the abstract.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question39_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_39\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-40 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>3.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>All of the following highlights should be included into an abstract, EXCEPT: <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tImportant features of the research methodology used in the study.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTheory name if the study tests the theory.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGeneral references to implications and future directions of research.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSpecific names of the survey instruments being evaluated in the study.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question40_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_40\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-41 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>4.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>An article abstract generally does NOT include one of the following: <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDefinitions of key terms.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProblem importance.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStudy participants.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch methods.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question41_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_41\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-42 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>5.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What are the key characteristics of a study that MUST be mentioned in the abstract? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPurpose, results, and implications.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPurpose, methods, and results.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tImplications, methods, and future directions.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProblem importance, objectives, and methods.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question42_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_42\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"38Q39Q40Q41Q42Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"anchor-2-online-resources\" id=\"anchor-3-online-resources\">Online Resources:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>APA 7<sup>th<\/sup>&nbsp;edition Abstract and Keyword Guide:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/instructional-aids\/abstract-keywords-guide.pdf\">https:\/\/apastyle.apa.org\/instructional-aids\/abstract-keywords-guide.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Do journal articles with amusing titles garner more interest from other researchers?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/observer\/do-funny-article-titles-garner-more-citations\">https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/observer\/do-funny-article-titles-garner-more-citations<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/facets\/do-scientific-papers-with-funny-titles-have-more-or-less-impact-with-other-scientists-d7dc83890feb\">https:\/\/medium.com\/facets\/do-scientific-papers-with-funny-titles-have-more-or-less-impact-with-other-scientists-d7dc83890feb<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-00946-2\">https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/d41586-022-00946-2<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Are claims of causality in articles make it more likely that the article gets featured in the news headlines?<br><a href=\"https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-019-1324-7\">https:\/\/bmcmedicine.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12916-019-1324-7<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Correlation and causality:<br><a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/math\/probability\/xa88397b6:scatterplots\/estimating-trend-lines\/v\/correlation-and-causality\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/math\/probability\/xa88397b6:scatterplots\/estimating-trend-lines\/v\/correlation-and-causality<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Graphical abstracts:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/authors\/tools-and-resources\/graphical-abstract\">https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/authors\/tools-and-resources\/graphical-abstract<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0268401216304807\">https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0268401216304807<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>An example of a video abstract (in journal&nbsp;<em>Pediatrics<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/151\/1\/e2022056667\/190312\/Disparities-in-Pharmacologic-Restraint-Use-in\">https:\/\/publications.aap.org\/pediatrics\/article\/151\/1\/e2022056667\/190312\/Disparities-in-Pharmacologic-Restraint-Use-in<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Research on the effectiveness of visual abstracts and plain language summaries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0224697\">https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0224697<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10028770\/\">https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC10028770\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/leap.1523\">https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/leap.1523<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":46,"template":"single-full-width.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"class_list":["post-61","content","type-content","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/61","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/46"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/evaluatingresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=61"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}