{"id":239,"date":"2023-12-07T16:09:13","date_gmt":"2023-12-07T16:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/essentialgrammars\/?post_type=content&p=239"},"modified":"2025-08-15T11:40:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T11:40:44","slug":"chapter-15-relative-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/essentialgrammars\/essential-french-grammar-3rd-edition\/chapter-15-relative-pronouns\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 15 – Relative pronouns"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\n\tHome\n<\/span><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n

Chapter 15 – Relative pronouns<\/h2>\n\n\n
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\n

After an initial discussion of what relative clauses are, the two functions of relative pronouns, as pronouns and subordinating conjunctions are explained, with examples. The first section describes the agreement of relative pronouns with the past participle. The invariable relatives qui, que, quoi, dont and o\u00f9 are then listed and their uses exemplified in separate sub-sections. The penultimate section describes the forms and use of lequel, laquelle, auquel, duquel etc. The final section notes briefly the distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses. The last part of the chapter contains a passage with numerous instances of relative pronouns, which are then analysed. At the end of the chapter there are five exercises for grammar practice.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
\n
\n
\n

Exercise 1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\n\n
\n\t\n\t
\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t<\/div> \n\n<\/div> \n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
\n\t
\n\t\tTime limit: 0<\/span>\t<\/div>\n\t
<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n\t

\n\tQuiz Summary\t<\/h4>\n\t

0<\/span> of 1 Questions completed<\/p>\t

Questions:<\/p>\n\t

<\/div>\n\n\t\n\t <\/div>\n
\n\t

\n\t\tInformation\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t <\/div>\n
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\t\t\n\t

You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.<\/p><\/div>\n

\n\t

\n\t\tQuiz is loading…\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n\t

You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.<\/p><\/div>\n

\n\t

You must first complete the following: <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\n\t

Results<\/h4>\n\t

\n\t\t

\n\t\tQuiz complete. Results are being recorded.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/dd>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n
\n\t

Results<\/h4>\n\t

0<\/span> of 1<\/span> Questions answered correctly<\/p>\t\t

\n\t\tYour time: <\/span>\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

\n\tTime has elapsed\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

\n\t\tYou have reached 0<\/span> of 0<\/span> point(s), (0<\/span>)\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t

\n\t\tEarned Point(s): 0<\/span> of 0<\/span>, (0<\/span>)\t\t
\n\t\t0<\/span> Essay(s) Pending (Possible Point(s): 0<\/span>)\t\t
\n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t

\n\t\t

\n\t\tCategories\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
  1. \n\t\t\t\t\tNot categorized<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t0%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t
    \n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    • \n\t\t\t\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t
      \n\t\t\t\t
      \n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
      \n\t
      \n\t
        \n\t\t\t\t\t
      1. 1<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t
        <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
        \n\t
          \n\t\t
        1. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCurrent<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
        2. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tReview<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
        3. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tAnswered<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
        4. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCorrect<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
        5. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tIncorrect<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ol>\n\t
          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          \n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t
          <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
          <\/div>\n
          \n\t
            \n\t\t\n\t\t\t
          1. \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tQuestion 1<\/span> of 1<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>. Question\n\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

            Fill the gaps with the correct relative pronoun:<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/legend>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

            <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n
            1. La montagne est le paysage <\/span><\/span> je pr\u00e9f\u00e8re.<\/li>\n
            2. La campagne est l\u2019endroit <\/span><\/span> j\u2019aime me promener.<\/li>\n
            3. C\u2019est le livre <\/span><\/span> m\u2019a plu et <\/span><\/span> je t\u2019ai parl\u00e9.<\/li>\n
            4. J\u2019ai visit\u00e9 la ville d\u2019 <\/span><\/span> il est originaire<\/li>\n
            5. C\u2019est l\u2019outil <\/span><\/span> j\u2019ai besoin.<\/li>\n
            6. Je r\u00eave de la voiture <\/span><\/span> j\u2019ai vue au salon de l\u2019auto<\/li>\n
            7. C\u2019est le d\u00e9partement <\/span><\/span> je suis le directeur.<\/li>\n
            8. Le temps <\/span><\/span> la mode \u00e9tait aux pantacourts est pass\u00e9.<\/li>\n
            9. Le peintre <\/span><\/span> je pr\u00e9f\u00e8re est Rembrandt.<\/li>\n
            10. Les peintures <\/span><\/span> m\u2019attirent le plus sont celles de la Renaissance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/fieldset>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div> \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n\n\n

              Exercise 2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
              \n\n
              \n\t\n\t
              \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t<\/div> \n\n<\/div> \n\t\t
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
              \n\t
              \n\t\tTime limit: 0<\/span>\t<\/div>\n\t
              <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
              \n\t

              \n\tQuiz Summary\t<\/h4>\n\t

              0<\/span> of 1 Questions completed<\/p>\t

              Questions:<\/p>\n\t

              <\/div>\n\n\t\n\t <\/div>\n
              \n\t

              \n\t\tInformation\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t <\/div>\n
              \n\t\t
              \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
              \t\t\n\t

              You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.<\/p><\/div>\n

              \n\t

              \n\t\tQuiz is loading…\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

              \n\t

              You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.<\/p><\/div>\n

              \n\t

              You must first complete the following: <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

              \n\t

              Results<\/h4>\n\t

              \n\t\t

              \n\t\tQuiz complete. Results are being recorded.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
              \n\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t
              \n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/dd>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n
              \n\t

              Results<\/h4>\n\t

              0<\/span> of 1<\/span> Questions answered correctly<\/p>\t\t

              \n\t\tYour time: <\/span>\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

              \n\tTime has elapsed\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

              \n\t\tYou have reached 0<\/span> of 0<\/span> point(s), (0<\/span>)\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t

              \n\t\tEarned Point(s): 0<\/span> of 0<\/span>, (0<\/span>)\t\t
              \n\t\t0<\/span> Essay(s) Pending (Possible Point(s): 0<\/span>)\t\t
              \n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t

              \n\t\t

              \n\t\tCategories\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
              \n\t\t\t
                \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
              1. \n\t\t\t\t\tNot categorized<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t0%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t
                \n\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                • \n\t\t\t\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t
                  \n\t\t\t\t
                  \n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                  \n\t
                  \n\t
                    \n\t\t\t\t\t
                  1. 1<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t
                    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                    \n\t
                      \n\t\t
                    1. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCurrent<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                    2. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tReview<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                    3. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tAnswered<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                    4. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCorrect<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                    5. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tIncorrect<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ol>\n\t
                      <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                      \n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t
                      <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                      <\/div>\n
                      \n\t
                        \n\t\t\n\t\t\t
                      1. \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tQuestion 1<\/span> of 1<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>. Question\n\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                        Fill the gaps with either qui <\/em>or que\/qu\u2019, <\/em>preceded by a preposition where necessary.<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/legend>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                        <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                        \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          \n
                        1. Le Yacht <\/span><\/span> on voit au loin appartient \u00e0 un milliardaire grec.<\/li>\n
                        2. Le chanteur <\/span><\/span> on voit sur cette affiche est un chanteur d\u2019op\u00e9ra.<\/li>\n
                        3. Les gens <\/span><\/span> sont partis plus t\u00f4t ont \u00e9chapp\u00e9 \u00e0 la pluie.<\/li>\n
                        4. Ce monsieur est le co-auteur <\/span><\/span> elle \u00e9crit ses livres?<\/li>\n
                        5. Elsa est l\u2019\u00eatre cher <\/span><\/span> il a \u00e9crit ce po\u00e8me.<\/li>\n
                        6. Edith est la personne <\/span><\/span> ce po\u00e8me est d\u00e9di\u00e9.<\/li>\n
                        7. Voil\u00e0 donc ce trompettiste <\/span><\/span> j\u2019entends tous les matins.<\/li>\n
                        8. Voil\u00e0 donc la radio <\/span><\/span> me r\u00e9veille tous les matins.<\/li>\n
                        9. Lamine est le m\u00e9canicien le plus habile <\/span><\/span> je connaisse.<\/li>\n
                        10. Je plains ces p\u00eacheurs <\/span><\/span> sont revenus avec si peu de poissons.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/fieldset>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tCorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tIncorrect\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          <\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n<\/div> \n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n\n\n

                          Exercise 3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
                          \n\n
                          \n\t\n\t
                          \n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t<\/div> \n\n<\/div> \n\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t
                          <\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t
                          \n\t
                          \n\t\tTime limit: 0<\/span>\t<\/div>\n\t
                          <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                          \n\t

                          \n\tQuiz Summary\t<\/h4>\n\t

                          0<\/span> of 10 Questions completed<\/p>\t

                          Questions:<\/p>\n\t

                          <\/div>\n\n\t\n\t <\/div>\n
                          \n\t

                          \n\t\tInformation\t<\/h2>\n\n\t\t <\/div>\n
                          \n\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                          \t\t\n\t

                          You have already completed the quiz before. Hence you can not start it again.<\/p><\/div>\n

                          \n\t

                          \n\t\tQuiz is loading…\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

                          \n\t

                          You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz.<\/p><\/div>\n

                          \n\t

                          You must first complete the following: <\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

                          \n\t

                          Results<\/h4>\n\t

                          \n\t\t

                          \n\t\tQuiz complete. Results are being recorded.\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/dd>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n
                          \n\t

                          Results<\/h4>\n\t

                          0<\/span> of 10<\/span> Questions answered correctly<\/p>\t\t

                          \n\t\tYour time: <\/span>\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\t

                          \n\tTime has elapsed\t<\/p>\n\n\t\t\t

                          \n\t\tYou have reached 0<\/span> of 0<\/span> point(s), (0<\/span>)\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t

                          \n\t\tEarned Point(s): 0<\/span> of 0<\/span>, (0<\/span>)\t\t
                          \n\t\t0<\/span> Essay(s) Pending (Possible Point(s): 0<\/span>)\t\t
                          \n\t\t<\/p>\n\t\t\n\t

                          \n\t\t

                          \n\t\tCategories\t\t<\/h4>\n\n\t\t
                          \n\t\t\t
                            \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                          1. \n\t\t\t\t\tNot categorized<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t0%<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t
                            \n\t\t
                              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                            • \n\t\t\t\t\t
                              \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t
                              \n\t\t\t\t
                              \n\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                              \n\t
                              \n\t
                                \n\t\t\t\t\t
                              1. 1<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              2. 2<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              3. 3<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              4. 4<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              5. 5<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              6. 6<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              7. 7<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              8. 8<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              9. 9<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t
                              10. 10<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ol>\n\t
                                <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                \n\t
                                  \n\t\t
                                1. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCurrent<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                                2. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tReview<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                                3. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tAnswered<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                                4. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tCorrect<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t
                                5. \n\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\tIncorrect<\/span>\n\t\t<\/li>\n\t<\/ol>\n\t
                                  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                  \n\t\t\t \t\t\t\t
                                  <\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
                                  <\/div>\n
                                  \n\t
                                    \n\t\t\n\t\t\t
                                  1. \n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\tQuestion 1<\/span> of 10<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\t1<\/span>. Question\n\t\t\t\t<\/h5>\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t

                                    Choose the correct relative pronoun:<\/strong><\/p>\n

                                    C\u2019est ce __________ j\u2019ai pens\u00e9 en la voyant.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/legend>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t

                                    <\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
                                    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t