{"id":508,"date":"2025-08-21T08:37:02","date_gmt":"2025-08-21T08:37:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/englishlegalsystem\/?post_type=content&#038;p=508"},"modified":"2025-08-21T08:37:02","modified_gmt":"2025-08-21T08:37:02","slug":"chapter-9","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/englishlegalsystem\/flashcards\/chapter-9\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 9"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Community sentence<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An offender is sometimes made to serve his or her sentence by working in the community, rather than going to prison. Community sentences can be tailored to individual offenders, and to the crime that they have committed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Crown Court<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The Crown Court deals with serious criminal cases, such as murder. It also hears cases appealed from or referred by the magistrates&#8217; courts. Trials at the Crown Court are heard by a judge and a jury.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Custody<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The detainment of a person in a place of security, such as a prison or a police station.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Double jeopardy<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An historical rule that a person acquitted for an offence could not be charge with that offence again. The law has now changed and in certain circumstances the Court of Appeal will permit a defendant to be re-tried.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Indictable offences<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Serious criminal offences, including murder and rape, that are tried before judge and jury in a Crown Court. Some criminal offences of intermediate seriousness, known as either way offences, can be tried either as summary offences (by magistrates) or on indictment (Crown Court).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Indictment<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The court document that formally lists the offences with which the accused in a criminal trial is charged.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Justice of the Peace (JP)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Another term for a magistrate. They have no formal legal qualifications and are not paid for their services. JPs have limited sentencing powers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Justice&#8217;s clerk<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A qualified lawyer who assists lay justices (magistrates) in respect of the law, practice and procedure.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Summary offences<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Minor criminal offences that are tried before a magistrates&#8217; court.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Supreme Court<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The highest court in the court system of England and Wales. 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