Slapper and Kelly's The English Legal System
Twentieth Edition
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Arbitration
A means of settling disputes without having to go to court. The parties are assisted by an independent third party, called the arbitrator, who makes a legally binding decision on the dispute.
Conciliation
A form of alternative dispute resolution where the parties try to settle their differences without going to court. The process is assisted by an independent third party, the conciliator, who helps the parties to reach an agreement.
Mediation
A means of settling disputes without having to go to court. An independent third party, the mediator, acts as a medium through which the parties can communicate and negotiate in order to settle their differences.
Ombudsman
An official, usually appointed by Parliament, who hears complaints from individuals about maladministration in both the public and private sectors.