{"id":59,"date":"2025-04-18T17:33:53","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:33:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/?p=59"},"modified":"2025-06-25T16:33:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T16:33:32","slug":"chapter-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/chapter-16\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 16"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-final-mix-considerations\">Final Mix Considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This final chapter in Part IIb provides the essentials of digital mastering in the context of the project studio, preparing you to troubleshoot, export, and deliver your mixes to clients in a professional manner. Primary topics include psychoacoustic processing, automation, mix stems, noise reduction, and the use of a master chain within a DAW. Practical matters such as deliverable formats and ISRC coding are also addressed.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a669d90e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-spotify-playlist\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Spotify Playlist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: CCCM2 Chapter 16\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/playlist\/562THWq1TsSWpae6xfivz6?si=f95f1fd7af704111&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe> \n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/562THWq1TsSWpae6xfivz6?si=f95f1fd7af704111\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">open in new window<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13d714fb wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c23b;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-audio-examples\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Audio Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter16.zip\" title=\"\">Download all audio files<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_36fd6b626478961274612661cbd05216\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Sunken Sally\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter16\/CH16_01_SunkenSally.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_ed6030341353a19394474372f96df644\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Symphony A Major K 114\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter16\/CH16_HW05_SymphonyAMajorK114.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a669d90e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-figures\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Figures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gallery-row is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb2ec3d0de0&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb2ec3d0de0\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"629\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.1_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Volume automation in McIntyre, \u201cSunken Sally\u201d (Pro Tools)\" class=\"wp-image-677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.1_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.1_cropped-300x189.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.1_cropped-768x483.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.1 Volume automation in McIntyre, \u201cSunken Sally\u201d (Pro Tools)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb2ec3d12ac&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb2ec3d12ac\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"962\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.2_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Send level automation in Logic Pro \" class=\"wp-image-678\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.2_cropped.jpg 962w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.2_cropped-300x249.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.2_cropped-768x639.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 962px) 100vw, 962px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.2 Send level automation in Logic Pro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb2ec3d1715&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb2ec3d1715\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"388\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.3_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Filtering and compressing a reverb aux track \" class=\"wp-image-679\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.3_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.3_cropped-300x116.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.3_cropped-768x298.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.3 Filtering and compressing a reverb aux track<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb2ec3d1ad2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb2ec3d1ad2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"406\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.4_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-680\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.4_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.4_cropped-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.4_cropped-768x312.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.4 A master chain in Logic Pro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gallery-row is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"737\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.5_Fabfilter-EQ-slope-rolling-off-sub-frequencies-and-slightly-boosting-air.Final_.jpg\" alt=\"Taming sub frequencies with a conservative EQ slope while slightly boosting the sparkle and air bands \" class=\"wp-image-681\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.5_Fabfilter-EQ-slope-rolling-off-sub-frequencies-and-slightly-boosting-air.Final_.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.5_Fabfilter-EQ-slope-rolling-off-sub-frequencies-and-slightly-boosting-air.Final_-300x221.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.5_Fabfilter-EQ-slope-rolling-off-sub-frequencies-and-slightly-boosting-air.Final_-768x566.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.5 Taming sub frequencies with a conservative EQ slope while slightly boosting the sparkle and air bands<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb2ec3d219e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb2ec3d219e\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"211\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.6_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"The limiting stages of a master chain\" class=\"wp-image-682\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.6_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.6_cropped-300x63.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig16.6_cropped-768x162.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.6 The limiting stages of a master chain<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb2ec3d25a1&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb2ec3d25a1\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"353\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.7_LUFS-meter-in-Logic.Final_.jpg\" alt=\"LUFS metering with the Loudness Meter in Logic Pro \" class=\"wp-image-683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.7_LUFS-meter-in-Logic.Final_.jpg 353w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure16.7_LUFS-meter-in-Logic.Final_-132x300.jpg 132w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">16.7 LUFS metering with the Loudness Meter in Logic Pro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13d714fb wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c23b;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-flashcards\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Flashcards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Click on the word to get the definition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>psychoacoustic processing <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a technique used to \u201cexcite\u201d or &#8220;enhance&#8221; an audio signal by adding synthesized harmonics.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>exciter <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a psychoacoustic processor that adds brightness\u2014sometimes referred to as &#8220;sparkle&#8221;\u2014to an audio signal, often by way of frequency-specific distortion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>enhancer <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a psychoacoustic processor that adds brightness\u2014sometimes referred to as &#8220;sparkle&#8221;\u2014to an audio signal, often by way of frequency-specific distortion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>dynamic equalization <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a type of processing that is similar to compression in that specified frequencies become attenuated when they pass a volume threshold set by the user.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>low-frequency enhancement <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a type of psychoacoustic processing that involves adding synthesized harmonics to a signal in order to increase the perceived bass and sub-bass frequencies.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>stereo image enhancement <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a form of psychoacoustic processing that incorporates phase shifting and MS processing to generate a sound field that is perceived to be wider than it actually is.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>mix stem <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a group of audio signals that are fed into a single aux track in order to help with the global organization of a project while allowing for simple batch processing.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>mastering <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the final stage of production, which involves making large-scale adjustments to a complete mix or set of tracks (including noise reduction), embedding digital identifiers to audio files, and meeting established criteria related to the final recording deliverable(s) (e.g., sample rate, bit depth, file format, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>master chain <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a series of plugins that is added to the DAW\u2019s master output for the purpose of digital mastering.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>tape saturation <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a type of psychoacoustic processing that involves adding a small amount of digital distortion to a signal, which in turn generates high-frequency harmonics that provide a simulation of the \u201cwarm\u201d sound that is often attributed to tape recording.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>dBFS <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>shorthand for decibels relative to full scale, this relative scale orients the producer to the maximum output level, 0dBFS, at which clipping may occur.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>mastering suite <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a standalone program and\/or plugin that is designed to combine all of the processing involved in mastering into a single virtual location.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>gain matching <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a software functionality that allows the user to bypass any processing while boosting the signal to a level equal to that of the processed mix for comparison purposes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>noise floor <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the base level of unavoidable background noise that is created by the various electronics participating in a mix environment.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>noise reduction <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the process of eliminating clicks, hums, clips, and other unwanted noises from a mix, typically during the final mastering phase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>metadata <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>digitally encoded information about a piece of music, such as the artist(s) involved in its creation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>ISRC <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>shorthand for International Standard Recording Code, a unique code that is generated to function like a digital fingerprint in identifying a specific recording of a piece of music.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>LUFS<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>or Loudness Units (relative to) Full Scale, this is a measurement that addresses perceived loudness as well as audio signal intensity together; it is used in mastering to match standards for various media. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>dithering<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a technique used to mitigate the loss of audio quality caused by downsampling. Dithering is accomplished by displacing the difference in frequencies between sampling rates by adding and spreading the information in musical ways.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n      } else {\n        announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n      if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n        flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n        const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n        const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-spotify-playlist\">Spotify Playlist<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-audio-examples\">Audio Examples<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-figures\">Figures<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Final Mix Considerations This final chapter in Part IIb provides the essentials of digital mastering in the context of the project studio, preparing you to troubleshoot, export, and deliver your mixes to clients in a professional manner. Primary topics include psychoacoustic processing, automation, mix stems, noise reduction, and the use of a master chain within&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-59","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=59"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":783,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/59\/revisions\/783"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=59"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=59"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=59"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}