{"id":51,"date":"2025-04-18T17:31:46","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:31:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/?p=51"},"modified":"2025-06-25T16:32:20","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T16:32:20","slug":"chapter-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/chapter-12\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 12"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-basic-orchestration\">Basic Orchestration<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>This chapter begins with an overview of common orchestral instruments and discusses idiomatic techniques and articulations for members of each instrument family before proceeding to an in-depth treatment of orchestration in both traditional and modern contexts. Topics include instrument transpositions, standard doubling\/layering schemes, and MIDI orchestration techniques.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a669d90e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-spotify-playlist\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Spotify Playlist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: CCCM2 Chapter 12\" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/playlist\/58xm1IQ3pVGUE0dhGPqD3v?si=468f61a6359d49eb&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe> \n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/58xm1IQ3pVGUE0dhGPqD3v?si=468f61a6359d49eb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">open in a new window<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13d714fb wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c23b;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-audio-examples\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Audio Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12.zip\" title=\"\">Download Audio Files<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_d952021787ccd634b732e5b82d726ca3\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"New World Symphony\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_02_NewWorldSymphony.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_d9ea1d02134b51f194d523192caa0efc\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"The Rite Of Spring\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_04_TheRiteOfSpring.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_e0d33da294ced9bb318817f7c4dce33b\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Hazard Suite\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_10_HazardSuite.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_005dace91ba72a17c698950956d2c431\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Mercury\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_12_Mercury.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_af25052fa3f5e01ccd7ab4022d9b2137\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Mars\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_13_Mars.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_7adb2941e968d1c9ffdd7868e10a6a4a\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Mars Doubling\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_14_Mars_Doubling.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_c31bc89fe930ba86b0c3e3cbd2664291\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Neptune Staggered\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_15_Neptune_Staggered.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_fa4bf927345bbd92f2df78e634c0131b\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Neptune Legato\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_16_Neptune_Legato.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_5470ae4bee4cbc6c4899e1217bed7fe6\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Le Tombe Au De Couperin\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781032662671\/audio\/chapter12\/CH12_HW15_LeTombeAuDeCouperin.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a669d90e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-figures\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Figures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec398636&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec398636\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"993\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-12.1Orchestration-Guide-BW.jpg\" alt=\"Orchestra guide\" class=\"wp-image-594\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-12.1Orchestration-Guide-BW.jpg 993w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-12.1Orchestration-Guide-BW-300x242.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-12.1Orchestration-Guide-BW-768x619.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 993px) 100vw, 993px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.1 Orchestra guide<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec398b51&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec398b51\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"237\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.2_Slurred_NotesFinal.jpg\" alt=\"Slurred notes in Dvorak, New World Symphony, mvt. ii\" class=\"wp-image-595\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.2_Slurred_NotesFinal.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.2_Slurred_NotesFinal-300x71.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.2_Slurred_NotesFinal-768x182.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.2 Slurred notes in Dvorak, New World Symphony, mvt. ii<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec398f9a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec398f9a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"322\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.3_Slurred_StaccatoFinal.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-596\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.3_Slurred_StaccatoFinal.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.3_Slurred_StaccatoFinal-300x97.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.3_Slurred_StaccatoFinal-768x247.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.3 Slurred staccato in Mozart, Clarinet Concerto in A Major, K. 622<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec3993a7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec3993a7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"301\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure_12.4_Trill_Stravinsky_RiteOfSpringFinal.jpg\" alt=\"Trills in Stravinsky, The Rite of Spring, mvt. i\" class=\"wp-image-597\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure_12.4_Trill_Stravinsky_RiteOfSpringFinal.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure_12.4_Trill_Stravinsky_RiteOfSpringFinal-300x90.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure_12.4_Trill_Stravinsky_RiteOfSpringFinal-768x231.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.4 Trills in Stravinsky, <em>The Rite of Spring<\/em>, mvt. i<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec3999df&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec3999df\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.5TromboneGlissChartBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg\" alt=\"Trombone glissandi\" class=\"wp-image-598\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.5TromboneGlissChartBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.5TromboneGlissChartBuilder_HiRes.001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.5TromboneGlissChartBuilder_HiRes.001-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.5 Trombone<em> glissandi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec399e0a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec399e0a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.6_BrassMutesBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg\" alt=\"Brass Mutes\" class=\"wp-image-599\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.6_BrassMutesBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.6_BrassMutesBuilder_HiRes.001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.6_BrassMutesBuilder_HiRes.001-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.6 Brass Mutes<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39a1f7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39a1f7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.7_OneTheStringBowingTechniques_Builder_HiRes.001.jpg\" alt=\"On-the-string bowing techniques\" class=\"wp-image-600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.7_OneTheStringBowingTechniques_Builder_HiRes.001.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.7_OneTheStringBowingTechniques_Builder_HiRes.001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.7_OneTheStringBowingTechniques_Builder_HiRes.001-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.7 On-the-string bowing techniques<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39a5f2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39a5f2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"358\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.8_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Off-the-string bowing techniques\" class=\"wp-image-601\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.8_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.8_cropped-300x107.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.8_cropped-768x275.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.8 Off-the-string bowing techniques<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gallery-row is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39abe7&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39abe7\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.9_AdditionalEffects_Builder_HiRes.001.jpg\" alt=\"Additional String effects\" class=\"wp-image-602\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.9_AdditionalEffects_Builder_HiRes.001.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.9_AdditionalEffects_Builder_HiRes.001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.9_AdditionalEffects_Builder_HiRes.001-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.9 Additional String effects<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39afbc&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39afbc\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"485\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.10_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Cox\/McIntyre, Hazard Suite, scordatura notation\" class=\"wp-image-603\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.10_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.10_cropped-300x146.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.10_cropped-768x372.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.10 Cox\/McIntyre, Hazard Suite, scordatura notation<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39b382&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39b382\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"757\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.11_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Stacked, staggered, and surrounded voicings of a G major triad\" class=\"wp-image-604\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.11_cropped.jpg 757w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.11_cropped-284x300.jpg 284w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.11 Stacked, staggered, and surrounded voicings of a G major triad<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39b760&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39b760\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"885\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.12_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Holst, Mercury, score analysis\" class=\"wp-image-605\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.12_cropped.jpg 885w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.12_cropped-300x271.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.12_cropped-768x694.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 885px) 100vw, 885px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.12 Holst, Mercury, score analysis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gallery-row is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39bd79&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39bd79\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"690\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.13_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Holst, Mars, score analysis\" class=\"wp-image-606\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.13_cropped.jpg 690w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.13_cropped-259x300.jpg 259w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.13 Holst, Mars, score analysis<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39c169&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39c169\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"818\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.14_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Holst, Mercury, octave down doubling\" class=\"wp-image-607\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.14_cropped.jpg 818w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.14_cropped-300x293.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.14_cropped-768x751.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 818px) 100vw, 818px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.14 Holst, Mercury, octave down doubling<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39c560&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39c560\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"622\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.15_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Holst, Neptune, staggered voicing\" class=\"wp-image-608\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.15_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.15_cropped-300x187.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.15_cropped-768x478.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.15 Holst, Neptune, staggered voicing<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39c93f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39c93f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.16_Neptune_Slurred_And_Legato_PhrasesBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg\" alt=\"Slurred and legato phrases in Holst, \u201cNeptune\u201d\" class=\"wp-image-609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.16_Neptune_Slurred_And_Legato_PhrasesBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.16_Neptune_Slurred_And_Legato_PhrasesBuilder_HiRes.001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.16_Neptune_Slurred_And_Legato_PhrasesBuilder_HiRes.001-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.16 Slurred and <em>legato<\/em> phrases in Holst, \u201cNeptune\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gallery-row is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"841\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.17_Spitfire_BBC_Violin_Legato.Final_.jpg\" alt=\"Spitfire BBC Symphony Orchestra\" class=\"wp-image-610\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.17_Spitfire_BBC_Violin_Legato.Final_.jpg 841w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.17_Spitfire_BBC_Violin_Legato.Final_-300x285.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.17_Spitfire_BBC_Violin_Legato.Final_-768x731.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 841px) 100vw, 841px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.17 Spitfire BBC Symphony Orchestra<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39d08f&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39d08f\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"496\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.18_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"MIDI delay compensation in Logic Pro \" class=\"wp-image-611\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.18_cropped.jpg 496w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig12.18_cropped-186x300.jpg 186w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 496px) 100vw, 496px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.18 MIDI delay compensation in Logic Pro<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cb1ec39d4d6&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cb1ec39d4d6\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"750\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.19_Overtone_Series_Emphasized_By_OrchestrationBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg\" alt=\"Orchestration and the overtone series in Holst, \u201cMars\u201d\" class=\"wp-image-612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.19_Overtone_Series_Emphasized_By_OrchestrationBuilder_HiRes.001.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.19_Overtone_Series_Emphasized_By_OrchestrationBuilder_HiRes.001-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure12.19_Overtone_Series_Emphasized_By_OrchestrationBuilder_HiRes.001-768x576.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">12.19 Orchestration and the overtone series in Holst, \u201cMars\u201d<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13d714fb wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c23b;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-flashcards\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Flashcards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Click on the word to get the definition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>transposing instruments <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>instruments that produce pitches at a consistent interval away from those that are written in notation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>concert score <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a non-transposing score, meaning that all pitches for all instruments are written in concert pitch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>C score <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a non-transposing score, meaning that all pitches for all instruments are written in concert pitch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>tonguing <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a technique that wind performers use to create a temporary break in the airflow to the instrument in order to place a slight emphasis on each note within a passage and create separation between rhythmic values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>double tonguing <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a technique that wind players use to perform passages featuring quicker rhythms that demand faster tongue movement than a series of repeating silent \u201ctees\u201d could produce; this is accomplished by tonguing the letters \u201cd\u2013k\u201d or \u201ct\u2013k\u201d in alternation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>trill <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a score marking that signifies the need for a rapid alternation of pitches.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>glissando <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a smooth, gliding pitch transition from one note to another that proceeds through all of the intermediate microtones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>mute <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a device placed on or inside an instrument to change its timbre, usually creating a muffled sound or wah-wah effect.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>con sordino <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a score marking used to indicate that a passage is to be played with a mute.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>senza sordino <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a score marking used to indicate that a passage is to be played without a mute, thereby canceling any previous con sordino marking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>natural harmonics <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>flute-like tones that are produced when performers lightly press on various locations that divide an open string\u2019s length and correspond to points within the overtone series above the open string\u2019s fundamental.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>artificial harmonics <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>false harmonics that are created when the performer uses one finger to stop a string at some point within its length and then lightly presses a P4 above the stop in pitch with another finger while bowing or plucking.  In doing so, the performer generates a harmonic that sounds two octaves above the stopped note.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>double stop <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a string technique that involves plucking or bowing two pitches simultaneously on two different strings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>triple stop <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a string technique that involves bowing or plucking three pitches simultaneously on three different strings.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>divisi <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a score marking that divides the total number of players within a single string section into two or more distinct parts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>scordatura <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a score marking indicating that a passage is to be played in an alternate tuning.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>accordatura <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a score marking indicating a cancelation of scordatura and return to standard tuning, usually in a score for stringed instruments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>aleatoricism <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a composition technique involving indeterminacy or chance procedures that was popularized in the twentieth century by composers such as John Cage, Kryzstof Penderecki, and several others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>stacked voicing <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a chord voicing for multiple instruments that features pitches being distributed among instruments such that one group is exclusively given the relatively higher pitches while another group is given the lower pitches.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>staggered voicing <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a chord voicing for multiple instruments that features pitches being distributed among instruments such that instruments of the same type do not play adjacent chord tones.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>surrounded voicing <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a chord voicing for multiple instruments that features pitches being distributed among instruments such that the inner chord tones are given to one instrument type, while the outer chord tones are given to others, which \u201csurround\u201d the timbre of the inner-voice instruments.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>octave-down doubling <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>an orchestration technique that involves doubling lower register melodies an octave lower, usually with the double basses, to add weight and depth to the bottom of the ensemble.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>legato transitions <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>samples that are added to legato patches within virtual instruments in order to create smooth transitions between overlapping MIDI events. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>multi-sample <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a combination patch that itself consists of multiple samples, often from different instruments to recreate full sections or ensembles within a single patch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: 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flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-spotify-playlist\">Spotify Playlist<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-audio-examples\">Audio Examples<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-figures\">Figures<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Basic Orchestration This chapter begins with an overview of common orchestral instruments and discusses idiomatic techniques and articulations for members of each instrument family before proceeding to an in-depth treatment of orchestration in both traditional and modern contexts. Topics include instrument transpositions, standard doubling\/layering schemes, and MIDI orchestration techniques.\u00a0 Spotify Playlist open in a new&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-51","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=51"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":778,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/51\/revisions\/778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=51"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=51"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=51"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}