{"id":49,"date":"2025-04-18T17:31:20","date_gmt":"2025-04-18T17:31:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/?p=49"},"modified":"2025-06-25T16:32:09","modified_gmt":"2025-06-25T16:32:09","slug":"chapter-11","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/chapter-11\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 11"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-form-and-development\">Form and Development<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Beginning with a brief review of melodic concepts from Chapter 4, this chapter turns to a more thorough treatment of motivic development procedures, such as retrograde, inversion, augmentation, diminution, and fragmentation, and their use in the creation of phrases, period structures, and leitmotifs. You will also be introduced to a variety of musical forms from common-practice styles, jazz, and popular music, including binary form, ternary form, sonata form, AABA song form, 12-bar blues form, and verse-chorus form.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a669d90e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-spotify-playlist\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Spotify Playlist<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Spotify Embed: CCCM2 Chapter 11 \" style=\"border-radius: 12px\" width=\"100%\" height=\"352\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen allow=\"autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/embed\/playlist\/1dz1Ley95I8jCGmyCjgqEC?si=ac4aaf07940a4e33&#038;utm_source=oembed\"><\/iframe> \n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/open.spotify.com\/playlist\/1dz1Ley95I8jCGmyCjgqEC?si=ac4aaf07940a4e33\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\">open in new window<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13d714fb wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c23b;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-audio-examples\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Audio Examples<\/h3>\n\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_70917a964f8008aab7c51a70936d3f38\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Piano Sonata Op 2 no 1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781138930629\/audio\/CH11_01_PianoSonataOp2no1.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_003cc1c6997340ec47d5a579f31e899d\" class=\"vidstack-audio wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\" title=\"Piano Sonata Op 2 no 1\" src=\"https:\/\/s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com\/s3-euw1-ap-pe-ws4-cws-documents.ri-prod\/9781138930629\/audio\/CH11_03_PianoSonataOp2no1.wav\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player>\n\n<media-player id=\"vidstack-audio-block_0b8d7ab170714d8adbbae96bd67b053d\" class=\"vidstack-audio\" title=\"Audio Title\" src=\"Audio URL\" crossorigin>\n<media-provider><\/media-provider>\n<media-audio-layout color-scheme=\"dark\"><\/media-audio-layout>\n<\/media-player><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a669d90e wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-lora-font-family\" id=\"aioseo-figures\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:500\">Figures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5df24&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5df24\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"594\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag.jpg\" alt=\"Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2 no. 1, mvt I, mm. 1-8\" class=\"wp-image-582\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag-768x456.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.1 Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2 no. 1, mvt I, mm. 1-8<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5e324&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5e324\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"708\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure11.3-Sentence-Structure-in-Beethoven_Op2no1.jpg\" alt=\"Sentence structure in Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1\" class=\"wp-image-583\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure11.3-Sentence-Structure-in-Beethoven_Op2no1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure11.3-Sentence-Structure-in-Beethoven_Op2no1-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Figure11.3-Sentence-Structure-in-Beethoven_Op2no1-768x544.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.3 Sentence structure in Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5e635&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5e635\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"601\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.4SonatinainFMajorOpusPosthumousmvt.2.jpg\" alt=\"Beethoven, Sonatina in F Major, mvt. II, mm. 1-6, parallel period structure\" class=\"wp-image-584\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.4SonatinainFMajorOpusPosthumousmvt.2.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.4SonatinainFMajorOpusPosthumousmvt.2-300x180.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.4SonatinainFMajorOpusPosthumousmvt.2-768x462.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.4 Beethoven, Sonatina in F Major, mvt. II, mm. 1-6, parallel period structure<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5eaae&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5eaae\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"589\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.5_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Period-like structure in \u201cAutumn Leaves\u201d by Kosma\/Mercer\/Pr\u00e9vert\" class=\"wp-image-585\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.5_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.5_cropped-300x177.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.5_cropped-768x452.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.5 Period-like structure in \u201cAutumn Leaves\u201d by Kosma\/Mercer\/Pr\u00e9vert<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5edc2&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5edc2\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"739\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.6EineKleineNachtmusikMinuetMelody.jpg\" alt=\"Mozart, Eine kleine Nachtmusik, mvt. III, mm. 1-16\" class=\"wp-image-586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.6EineKleineNachtmusikMinuetMelody.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.6EineKleineNachtmusikMinuetMelody-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.6EineKleineNachtmusikMinuetMelody-768x568.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.6 Mozart, Eine kleine Nachtmusik, mvt. III, mm. 1-16<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5f0be&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5f0be\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"583\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.7_Wichtige-Begebenheit.jpg\" alt=\"Schumann, Wichtige Begebenheit\" class=\"wp-image-587\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.7_Wichtige-Begebenheit.jpg 583w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.7_Wichtige-Begebenheit-219x300.jpg 219w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.7 Schumann, Wichtige Begebenheit<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5f40a&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5f40a\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"704\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.8_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Sonata form in Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2 no. 1, mvt. I\" class=\"wp-image-588\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.8_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.8_cropped-300x211.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.8_cropped-768x541.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.8 Sonata form in Beethoven, Piano Sonata No. 1, Op. 2 no. 1, mvt. I<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group gallery-row is-layout-grid wp-container-core-group-is-layout-478b6e6b wp-block-group-is-layout-grid\">\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5f86e&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5f86e\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"515\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.9_cropped.jpg\" alt=\"The twelve-bar jazz blues scheme\" class=\"wp-image-589\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.9_cropped.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.9_cropped-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.9_cropped-768x396.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.9 The twelve-bar jazz blues scheme<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5fb85&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5fb85\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"718\" height=\"800\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-11.10_HaveYouMetMissJonesLeadSheet.jpg\" alt=\"Rodgers and Hart, &quot;Have You Met Miss Jones?&quot; (lead sheet)\" class=\"wp-image-590\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-11.10_HaveYouMetMissJonesLeadSheet.jpg 718w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig-11.10_HaveYouMetMissJonesLeadSheet-269x300.jpg 269w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 718px) 100vw, 718px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.10 Rodgers and Hart, &#8220;Have You Met Miss Jones?&#8221; (lead sheet)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure data-wp-context=\"{&quot;imageId&quot;:&quot;69cae70f5fe97&quot;}\" data-wp-interactive=\"core\/image\" data-wp-key=\"69cae70f5fe97\" class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-lightbox-container\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"594\" data-wp-class--hide=\"state.isContentHidden\" data-wp-class--show=\"state.isContentVisible\" data-wp-init=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\" data-wp-on--load=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" data-wp-on-window--resize=\"callbacks.setButtonStyles\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag-1.jpg\" alt=\"Silverchair, &quot;Straight Lines&quot; verse-chorus form\" class=\"wp-image-591\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag-1.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag-1-300x178.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/37\/Fig11.1_Beethoven-Op2no1-TransFrag-1-768x456.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><button\n\t\t\tclass=\"lightbox-trigger\"\n\t\t\ttype=\"button\"\n\t\t\taria-haspopup=\"dialog\"\n\t\t\taria-label=\"Enlarge\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-init=\"callbacks.initTriggerButton\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-on--click=\"actions.showLightbox\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--right=\"state.imageButtonRight\"\n\t\t\tdata-wp-style--top=\"state.imageButtonTop\"\n\t\t>\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" fill=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 12 12\">\n\t\t\t\t<path fill=\"#fff\" d=\"M2 0a2 2 0 0 0-2 2v2h1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 1 .5-.5h2V0H2Zm2 10.5H2a.5.5 0 0 1-.5-.5V8H0v2a2 2 0 0 0 2 2h2v-1.5ZM8 12v-1.5h2a.5.5 0 0 0 .5-.5V8H12v2a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H8Zm2-12a2 2 0 0 1 2 2v2h-1.5V2a.5.5 0 0 0-.5-.5H8V0h2Z\" \/>\n\t\t\t<\/svg>\n\t\t<\/button><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">11.11 Silverchair, &#8220;Straight Lines&#8221; verse-chorus form<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background is-layout-flow wp-container-core-group-is-layout-13d714fb wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#abb7c23b;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-flashcards\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Flashcards<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Click on the word to get the definition<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>leitmotif <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a short, distinctive motive or portion of a larger theme that becomes associated with a particular character, place, object, emotion, or idea by consistently recurring along with it in a dramatic setting.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>transposition <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the repetition of a musical idea at a different pitch level.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>fragmentation <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the truncation of a motive through subtraction\/deletion, the inclusion of rests, or other means.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>retrograde <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a motivic development technique that refers to the recurrence of a motive in reverse, such that the first note becomes the last note, the second note becomes the penultimate note, and so on.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>inversion <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a motivic development technique wherein the melodic intervals of a motive are maintained while their directionality is reversed.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>augmentation <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the lengthening of a motive via a systematic increase in its durational values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>diminution <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the reduction of a motive\u2019s length via a systematic decrease in its durational values.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>sentence <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a phrase that is dedicated to the development of a motive in a specific pattern of presentation and continuation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>antecedent <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the initial phrase or set of phrases within a multi-phrase structure that ends in a relatively inconclusive manner, leaving space for the more conclusive consequent phrase(s).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>consequent <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the final phrase or set of phrases within a multi-phrase structure that ends in a relatively conclusive manner.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>period <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a multi-phrase structure that features related ideas structured such that the final cadence is the most conclusive.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>parallel period <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a period whose antecedent and consequent begin in the same way or in a similar manner.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>contrasting period <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a period whose antecedent and consequent differ significantly.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>modulating period <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a period that features a change of key within its duration.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>three-phrase period <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a period that possesses three phrases, typically consisting of a two-phrase antecedent and single consequent phrase.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>double period <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a period composed of a two-phrase antecedent and two-phrase consequent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>independent phrases <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>temporally adjacent phrases that do not relate to one another motivically.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>phrase group <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a set of phrases that cohere in a manner similar to a period, yet do not conclude with a relatively strong cadence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>musical form <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the term used to describe the overall shape of a piece, which is created via the combination of sections that contrast one another due to changes in thematic design, harmonic structure, and\/or other parameters.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>binary form <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a two-part form, with contrasting sections that are labeled A and B.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>rounded binary <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a two-part form featuring a return of the initial theme at the end of the second reprise.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>simple binary <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a two-part form whose second reprise consists entirely of new material.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>ternary form <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a form that includes three complete, independent sections that each end with a conclusive cadence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>simple ternary form <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a three-part form whose constituent sections (ABA) are composed of phrases and periods that do not represent complete forms themselves.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>composite ternary form <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a three-part form whose constituent sections are complete binary forms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>sonata <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a musical form featuring the exposition of contrasting themes and key areas, the development of themes, and the recapitulation of themes (typically within a single key area).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>exposition<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the initial formal section within a sonata or fugue that contains the main melodic ideas to be used throughout the form.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>primary theme <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>in a sonata form, the initial theme or group of themes that exists within the tonic key area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>secondary theme <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>in a sonata form, the theme or group of themes representing a non-tonic key within the exposition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>transition <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>in a sonata, a subsection whose function is to modulate to the secondary key area within the exposition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>closing area <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a subsection within a sonata that takes place after the secondary theme and remains in the secondary key area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>closing theme <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a new theme introduced within the closing area of a sonata, after the secondary theme yet within the secondary key area.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>codetta <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a short, post-cadential subsection within a musical form that clearly and emphatically terminates the larger formal section without introducing any new, substantial thematic material.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>recapitulation <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>an altered restatement of a piece\u2019s exposition section (such as in a sonata or fugue) in the tonic key.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>development <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the initial part of the B section in a sonata form that often features the extensive motivic manipulation of earlier themes (though some developmental sections develop new material that is not necessarily associated with any previous theme).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>retransition <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a subsection within a musical form that sets up the return of the tonic key, often via a dominant pedal.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>introduction <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a formal section that takes place at the outset of a piece, prior to the exposition of the piece\u2019s primary themes (or, in the case of pop\/rock music, prior to the song\u2019s first verse).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>coda <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a substantial, post-cadential subsection within a musical form that clearly and emphatically terminates the larger formal section while often introducing new thematic material or developing earlier themes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>bridge <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the main contrasting section within a song form.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>head <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the composed melody of a jazz composition.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>solos <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a term used in jazz to describe the main body of the common head\/solos\/head out form, wherein individual instrumentalists take turns improvising over one or more choruses apiece.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>head out <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the final performance of the head in a jazz form.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>verse-chorus form <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>the standard form in popular music, featuring primary verse and chorus sections that are paired together to form a large, repeated A section that is contrasted by a bridge section (B).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>verse <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a formal section in a pop song that typically features different lyrics each time it recurs, while the music remains the same (or is similar).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>chorus <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a section in a pop song that returns several times throughout the form, usually with the same lyrics and music each time; the chorus often includes the song\u2019s main hook.  In jazz, however, a chorus describes one complete instance of the tune\u2019s form.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>hook <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a memorable motivic\/thematic unit in a popular song.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>interlude <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a contrasting section within a popular song that is similar to a bridge but is entirely instrumental.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>pre-chorus <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a transitional section that is formally positioned before the chorus in a popular song.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>link <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>a short instrumental passage within a popular song that is transitional in nature.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>outro <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>an instrumental section that serves as a popular song\u2019s conclusion.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        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flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-spotify-playlist\">Spotify Playlist<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-audio-examples\">Audio Examples<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-figures\">Figures<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-flashcards\">Flashcards<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Form and Development Beginning with a brief review of melodic concepts from Chapter 4, this chapter turns to a more thorough treatment of motivic development procedures, such as retrograde, inversion, augmentation, diminution, and fragmentation, and their use in the creation of phrases, period structures, and leitmotifs. You will also be introduced to a variety of&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-49","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":777,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/49\/revisions\/777"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=49"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/cccm\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=49"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}