A variety of higher mental processes such as thinking, perceiving, imagining, speaking, acting, and planning<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Cognition<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Aims to explain cognitive processes in terms of brain-based mechanisms<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Cognitive neuroscience<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The problem of how a physical substance (the brain) can give rise to our sensations, thoughts, and emotions (our mind)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Mind\u2013body problem<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The belief that mind and brain are made up of different kinds of substance<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Dualism<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The belief that mind and brain are two levels of description of the same thing<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Dual-aspect theory<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The belief that mind-based concepts will eventually be replaced by neuroscientific concepts<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Reductionism<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The failed idea that individual differences in cognition can be mapped on to differences in skull shape<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Phrenology<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Different regions of the brain are specialized for different functions<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Functional specialization<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The study of brain-damaged patients to inform theories of normal cognition<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Cognitive neuropsychology<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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An approach in which behavior is described in terms of a sequence of cognitive stages<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Information processing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Later stages of processing can begin before earlier stages are complete<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Interactivity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The influence of later stages on the processing of earlier ones (e.g. memory influences on perception)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Top-down processing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The passage of information from simpler (e.g. edges) to more complex (e.g. objects)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Bottom-up processing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Different information is processed at the same time (i.e. in parallel)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Parallel processing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The notion that certain cognitive processes (or regions of the brain) are restricted in the type of information they process<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Modularity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The idea that a cognitive process (or brain region) is dedicated solely to one particular type of information (e.g. colors, faces, words)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Domain specificity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Computational models in which information processing occurs using many interconnected nodes<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Neural network models<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The basic units of neural network models that are activated in response to activity in other parts of the network<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Nodes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The accuracy with which one can measure when an event (e.g. a physiological change) occurs<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Temporal resolution<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The accuracy with which one can measure where an event (e.g. a physiological change) is occurring<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Spatial resolution<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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A comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain that may be thought of as its "wiring diagram" <\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Connectome<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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A mathematical technique for computing the pattern of connectivity (or " wiring diagram" ) from a set of correlations<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Graph theory<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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A neural network model containing multiple layers, typically producing a simple-to-complex hierarchy of information processing.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Deep neural network<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Systemic difficulties in being able to independently reproduce published results that have been documented in many scientific fields<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
replication crisis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Performing multiple analyses of the same dataset across all reasonable options for excluding, transforming, and coding data.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Multiverse analysis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Hypothesizing after the results are known.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
HARKing<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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An open set of hypotheses and analysis plan, that is posted prior to conducting the analysis.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Pre-registration<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Peer-reviewed scientific paper in which hypotheses, methods and analysis are reviewed prior to data collection.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Registered report<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Analysing the data in multiple ways and chosen to publish a single favorable analysis.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
P-hacking<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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The tendency for non-significant results to be unpublished.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
File-drawer problem<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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A statistical method for determining a required sample size given a likely effect size (whether a variable is strong or weak) and the probability of detecting it (due to sample variability).<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Power analysis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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A statistical method for pooling across equivalent datasets (based on a weighted average of effect sizes).<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Meta-analysis<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n \n
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Ability to examine and validate an existing set of analyses<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
Reproducibility<\/p>\n<\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/button>\n <\/div>\n\n \n
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