{"id":364,"date":"2023-11-16T22:15:48","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T22:15:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/bpscoretextbooks\/?post_type=content&#038;p=364"},"modified":"2025-03-25T09:48:32","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T09:48:32","slug":"chapter-22-the-psychology-of-artificial-intelligence","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/9780367552299\/chapter-22-the-psychology-of-artificial-intelligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 22 &#8211; The Psychology of Artificial Intelligence"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#eedbd1;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tHome\n<\/span><\/div>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 22 &#8211; The Psychology of Artificial Intelligence<\/h1>\n\n\n<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important, yet often invisible, role in our online lives. Interactions such as searches, online recommendations, and gaming are often based on AI. The role of Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in gaming is a clear example \u2013 the realism of these characters and their responses to player actions can have a significant impact on the perceived quality of a game. The rise in the quality of \u201cchatbots\u201d (interactive communicative agents), and their use in customer\/user interfaces on websites is an interesting development, as is the inclusion of such chatbots as interaction devices on smartphones and mobile devices. The potential use of artificially intelligent robots as companion devices is explored, and the observed effects on specific populations are examined. The potential future role of artificial intelligence in human life is considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Chapter Summary<\/summary>\n<p><strong>Key terms<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>There are various definitions of artificial intelligence (AI), with one of the most famous being \u2018the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer systems\u2019 (McCarthy, 2007, p. 2).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other key terms in the area include robotics, chatbots and Non-Player Characters (NPCs).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>When individuals discount an AI technology as not really being intelligent, it is termed the AI effect.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Defining and testing artificial intelligence<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is difficult to test for and define intelligence.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AIs in science fiction often portray high intelligence across many of Gardner\u2019s (1983) multiple intelligences.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Turing test was proposed in 1950 as a measure of testing AI. It requires a computer to have a conversation with a human without the human knowing that they are talking to a machine.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, there are critics of the Turing test as an appropriate measure of artificial intelligence, such as Searle\u2019s Chinese room (1980).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Weak AI occurs where the computer does not actually have intelligence, but only a simulation of it.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strong AI occurs where the computer possesses the intelligence that it appears to have.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Social robotics<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Social robotics examines how humans interact socially with robots and how robots interact socially with each other.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Much research in this field has examined human interaction with high-end commercially available toys that simulate pets.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frequently this research has examined robot interactions with children.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A robot\u2019s appearance and performance affect our engagement with them.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is important that we are able to accurately interpret the robot\u2019s actions.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We appear to prefer robots with similar personality types to ourselves, at least with regard to introversion\/extroversion.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authors in this field have identified the importance of the robot understanding what the human intends to do and responding to these intentions appropriately.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Research in social robotics sometimes uses a design called a \u2018Wizard of Oz\u2019 study, where the robot is actually controlled by a human instead of AI. There are some ethical implications of this type of research.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Applications of artificial intelligence<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>While there are many applications of artificial intelligence, the key psychological ones include gaming, customer service\/user interfaces, psychotherapy, companionship and cognitive science.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Cognitive psychology<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cognitive psychologists and cognitive scientists sometimes develop flowcharts to try to explain human cognitive abilities.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By creating AI programmes based on these flowcharts we can compare the programme\u2019s behaviour to human behaviour.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If the programme mimics human behaviours (and accuracy), then it is likely that the flowchart is a good model for that cognitive process.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Friedenberg differentiates between \u2018computable\u2019 and \u2018uncomputable\u2019 processes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Gaming<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>AI is used in a variety of ways in gaming, including the design and control of Non-Player Characters (NPCs).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NPCs will be accepted more, and players will be more immersed, if these characters are designed to behave as realistically as possible.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Customer services and user interfaces<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chatbots can be commercialised as customer service agents and user interfaces on smartphones.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These allow for a natural interaction with the device.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, users may not always prefer them.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is possible that such chatbots could react to user mood and potentially offer coping strategies.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Psychotherapy<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chatbots might also be useful as psychotherapists.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One of the first chatbots was a parody of a Rogerian psychotherapist (Eliza, created by Joseph Weizenbaum).&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Eliza effect is the susceptibility of humans to misinterpret computer output and infer meaning and understanding where it is not warranted.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chatbots can be used for various aspects of clinical psychological practice, such as training, assessment, clinical decision making and therapy.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While AI therapists would have some advantages, there are also concerns.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Companionship<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>One of the applications of social robotics is the provision of robots as companions, especially to the elderly and children.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Therapeutic robots have been used in hospitals and elder-care settings in place of animal therapy.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Virtual pets can also be included within games or smartphones apps, without a robotic embodiment. However, these have been found to be less effective than real pets.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The physical form of the robot can affect how users interact with it.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There are many ethical implications for robots in companionship, particularly with the elderly.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It may happen that humans form \u2018unidirectional emotional bonds\u2019 with robots (Scheutz, 2012).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nevertheless, there are many potential advantages to using robots as companions.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Artificial intelligence in the future<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Philosophers, authors and researchers have considered the future of AI.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The singularity is a time in the future where advances in AI become uncontrollable or when AI surpasses human intelligence in every way (thus becoming a superintelligence).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-query alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"wp-block-post-template is-layout-flow wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-1318 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-weblinks\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 22 \u2013 Useful Websites<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour have a website which provides some excellent insights into the field, along with further links to conferences, journals and other publications about the topic. All are available at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aisb.org.uk\/\">www.aisb.org.uk\/<\/a> \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar information can be found at the website of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence, available at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.aaai.org\/\">www.aaai.org\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Take a look at the project portfolio of the MIT Personal Robots Group to see the systems that they are currently developing and their ongoing research themes at:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/robotic.media.mit.edu\/project-portfolio\/\">http:\/\/robotic.media.mit.edu\/project-portfolio\/<\/a> \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-1317 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-further-reading\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 22 \u2013 Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>John McCarthy provides an overview of artificial intelligence for the lay reader in the following document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>McCarthy, J. (2007). What is Artificial Intelligence? Retrieved from:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jmc.stanford.edu\/articles\/whatisai\/whatisai.pdf\">http:\/\/jmc.stanford.edu\/articles\/whatisai\/whatisai.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Poole and Mackworth (2017) authored a book (now in its second edition) describing artificial intelligence and provide it freely online. While much of the book is very technical in nature, the introductory chapters are particularly interesting for psychologists with an interest in the field.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Poole, D. L. &amp; Mackworth, A. K. (2017). <em>Artificial Intelligence: Foundations of Computational Agents <\/em>(2<sup>nd<\/sup> ed.)<em>. <\/em>Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/jmc.stanford.edu\/articles\/whatisai\/whatisai.pdf\">http:\/\/jmc.stanford.edu\/articles\/whatisai\/whatisai.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ray Kurzweil responds to fears regarding the progress in artificial intelligence in an article in <em>Time <\/em>magazine online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kurzweil, R. (2014, 19 December). Don\u2019t fear Artificial Intelligence. <em>Time. <\/em>Retrieved from:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/time.com\/3641921\/dont-fear-artificial-intelligence\/\">http:\/\/time.com\/3641921\/dont-fear-artificial-intelligence\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Stanford University is conducting a 100-year-long study on the impact that artificial intelligence will have on many aspects of life, including psychology. The study is described briefly here.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cesare, C. (2014, 16 December). Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence. <em>Stanford News. <\/em>Retrieved from:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/news\/2014\/december\/ai-century-study-121614.html\">http:\/\/news.stanford.edu\/news\/2014\/december\/ai-century-study-121614.html<\/a> \u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-1316 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-audio-and-video-links\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 22 \u2013 Audio and Video links<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Video links<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>This video demonstrates the use of a social robot with a group of elderly people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/cdn.jwplayer.com\/previews\/EkBWtZKH\">https:\/\/cdn.jwplayer.com\/previews\/EkBWtZKH<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The potential for AI and virtual humans in psychotherapy is explored in this video<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/mentalhealthchannel.tv\/episode\/ok-computer\">http:\/\/mentalhealthchannel.tv\/episode\/ok-computer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-271 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-essay-questions\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 22 &#8211; Essay questions<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>Critically evaluate the potential use of artificially intelligent chatbots as psychotherapists.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The complexities in defining human intelligence make it impossible to determine whether \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 artificial intelligence is ever reached. Discuss.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluate whether the ethics of using artificially intelligent robots as caregivers for the \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 elderly are appropriately considered by the manufacturers of such robots.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is possible that Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in video games could become too realistic due to the artificial intelligence they utilise during interactions with players. Discuss.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Chapter 22 &#8211; Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"22\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"22\",\"quiz_name\":\"9780367552299 - Chapter 22\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"22\",\"pagekey\":\"kUvybX4z\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":0,\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-22 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm22\" id=\"quizForm22\" action=\"\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/364\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_22\" value=\"47fad3ce2c\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_22\" value=\"69cfac183491b\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-232 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>An NPC is a:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question232-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question232\" id=\"question232_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question232_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNon-Player Character\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question232-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question232\" id=\"question232_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question232_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNon-Personable Computer\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question232-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question232\" id=\"question232_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question232_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNon-Present Counter\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question232-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question232\" id=\"question232_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question232_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNon-Pleasant Challenge\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question232_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question232\" id=\"question232_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_232\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-233 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Turing test was originally called:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question233-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question233\" id=\"question233_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question233_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Searle test\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question233-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question233\" id=\"question233_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question233_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Imitation Game\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question233-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question233\" id=\"question233_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question233_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe Minsky Proposal\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question233-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question233\" id=\"question233_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question233_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe McCarthy Assignment\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question233_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question233\" id=\"question233_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_233\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-234 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Who critiqued the validity of the Turing test using an example of a \u2018Chinese room\u2019?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question234-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question234\" id=\"question234_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question234_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMarvin Minsky\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question234-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question234\" id=\"question234_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question234_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJohn McCarthy\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question234-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question234\" id=\"question234_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question234_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCynthia Breazeal\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question234-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question234\" id=\"question234_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question234_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJohn Searle\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question234_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question234\" id=\"question234_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_234\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-235 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is the term given to a situation where a computer does not possess true intelligence, but only a simulation of it?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question235-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question235\" id=\"question235_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question235_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStrong AI\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question235-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question235\" id=\"question235_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question235_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWeak AI\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question235-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question235\" id=\"question235_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question235_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe AI effect\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question235-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question235\" id=\"question235_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question235_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSuperintelligence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question235_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question235\" id=\"question235_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_235\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-236 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>A research design in social robotics where the robot is controlled by a human instead of an AI is called a:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question236-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question236\" id=\"question236_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question236_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAlice in Wonderland study\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question236-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question236\" id=\"question236_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question236_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThrough the Looking Glass study\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question236-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question236\" id=\"question236_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question236_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSmoke and Mirrors study\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question236-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question236\" id=\"question236_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question236_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWizard of Oz study\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question236_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question236\" id=\"question236_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_236\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-237 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Artificial intelligence is particularly useful in testing theories and models in which branch of psychology?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question237-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question237\" id=\"question237_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question237_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCognitive Psychology\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question237-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question237\" id=\"question237_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question237_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSocial Psychology\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question237-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question237\" id=\"question237_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question237_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDevelopmental Psychology\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question237-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question237\" id=\"question237_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question237_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPersonality\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question237_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question237\" id=\"question237_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_237\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-238 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Eliza was a chatbot created as a parody of which kind of psychotherapist?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question238-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question238\" id=\"question238_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question238_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCognitive behavioural therapist\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question238-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question238\" id=\"question238_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question238_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPsychoanalytic therapist\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question238-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question238\" id=\"question238_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question238_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tRogerian therapist\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question238-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question238\" id=\"question238_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question238_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHolistic therapist\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question238_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question238\" id=\"question238_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_238\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-239 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The Eliza effect refers to what behaviour?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question239-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question239\" id=\"question239_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question239_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tReading more understanding than is warranted into communications from a computer\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question239-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question239\" id=\"question239_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question239_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSimulating intelligence in a computer that does not really possess it\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question239-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question239\" id=\"question239_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question239_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNot considering an AI to be really intelligent, even though it displays some properties of such\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question239-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question239\" id=\"question239_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question239_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPreparing for the singularity\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question239_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question239\" id=\"question239_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_239\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-240 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Scheutz (2012) queries the possibility of what problem occurring with companionship robots?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question240-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question240\" id=\"question240_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question240_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tReduced communication\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question240-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question240\" id=\"question240_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question240_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tUnidirectional emotional bonds\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question240-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question240\" id=\"question240_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question240_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIncreased dependence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question240-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question240\" id=\"question240_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question240_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tReduction in human contact\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question240_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question240\" id=\"question240_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_240\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-241 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>An artificial intelligence which surpasses human intelligence in every way is called a:<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question241-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question241\" id=\"question241_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question241_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSuperintelligence\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question241-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question241\" id=\"question241_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question241_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tSingularity\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question241-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question241\" id=\"question241_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question241_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tChatbot\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question241-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question241\" id=\"question241_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question241_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tStrong AI\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question241_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question241\" id=\"question241_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_241\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"232Q233Q234Q235Q236Q237Q238Q239Q240Q241Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"22\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important, yet often invisible, role in our online lives. Interactions such as searches, online recommendations, and gaming are often based on AI. The role of Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in gaming is a clear example \u2013 the realism of these characters and their responses to player actions can have a significant [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[1],"content-type":[34],"parent-book":[40],"resource-type":[32],"class_list":["post-364","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","content-type-chapter","parent-book-40","resource-type-chapter"],"acf":{"linked_book":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/364","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=364"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"parent-book","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/parent-book?post=364"},{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=364"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}