{"id":354,"date":"2023-11-16T22:05:43","date_gmt":"2023-11-16T22:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/bpscoretextbooks\/?post_type=content&#038;p=354"},"modified":"2025-03-25T09:47:39","modified_gmt":"2025-03-25T09:47:39","slug":"chapter-12-cyberpsychology-and-psychopathology","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/9780367552299\/chapter-12-cyberpsychology-and-psychopathology\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 12 &#8211; Cyberpsychology and Psychopathology"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#eedbd1;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\tHome\n<\/span><\/div>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 12 &#8211; Cyberpsychology and Psychopathology<\/h1>\n\n\n<p>Technology is a really important part of today&#8217;s world and how we live our lives, enabling instant communication with friends and family. However, for some people, the Internet can be problematic. This chapter will look at how the Internet impacts mental health particularly in the arena of pathological Internet usage. It will also explore the topics of Internet addiction, social networking, online gaming, and mobile phone dependency and will look at therapeutic options.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Chapter Summary<\/summary>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is Psychopathology?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Psychopathology is a difficult concept to define.&nbsp; Many definitions elude to \u2018the four D\u2019s\u2019 \u2013 comprising of deviance, destress, dysfunction, and danger.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The study of mental health embraces a broad field of psychological problems that can occur in people\u2019s lives. These problems include stress, anxiety, addiction, and mood disorders.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">DSM-5 and How It Views the Internet<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Diagnostic Statistical Manual published by the American Psychiatric Association is the standard tool used to classify mental disorders. The most recent publication is the DSM-5TR (APA, 2022).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The predecessor to the DSM-5TR was the DSM-5 (2013). This publication identified Internet gamers as an at-risk population, who may develop dependence or an addiction to online gaming. The DSM-5 outlines the proposed criteria for the inclusion of this disorder for future publications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-11) considers gaming disorders. The debate as to whether internet gaming disorder is a valid disorder is ongoing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internet gaming may be similar to gambling as the reward systems of the brain are activated and can be considered behavioural addiction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A large proportion of the research relating to online addiction comes from Asia and further research is necessary for it to be considered as a disorder in the next DSM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is the Range of Internet-Based Disorders?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>PIU, problematic computer use, Internet addictions, Internet dependency, and pathological Internet use are all terms that relate to problematic Internet use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traditional models of addiction have been used to explain Internet addiction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sex, gambling, online relationships, and shopping are also included as problematic.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Internet Gaming<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Gamers identify that they play games for entertainment, leisure, and also as an emotional coping mechanism.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some hard-core players may suffer from emotional problems and low self-esteem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Internet gaming has attracted a lot of media and academic attention but the cultural context of gaming needs to be considered.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Social Networking<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Social networking sites such as&nbsp;<em>Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp, TikTok, and Instagram<\/em>&nbsp;etc. are very much part of everyday life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menon and Meghana (2021) suggest that the motivations for using social networks include interaction, information seeking, and escapism.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nomophobia and Mobile Usage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nomophobia is a relatively new word that refers to the fear of being out of mobile phone contact, a run-down battery, or losing the phone itself. It is shaped by technological and digital tools and a fear of being out of digital contact with people and information.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overuse can lead to problems, such as mobile phone addiction, and problematic mobile phone usage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>We need to consider why people use mobile technologies and consider both the advantages and disadvantages of mobile technology.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pathological Internet Usage<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Possibility of Internet Addiction<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Internet Addiction Disorder is not considered by the DSM-5\/DSM-5TR.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The ICD-11 identifies gaming disorder as problematic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overuse of the Internet may have a negative impact on relationships and physical health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Screen time refers to time spent on any screen. Research on screen time is fairly new and our tolerance of time spent on screens may be tampered by Internet usage over the COVID-19 period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Is It Possible to Be Addicted to the Internet?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The definition of the term \u2018addiction\u2019 is problematic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, there are a number of digital detox programmes available for those who wish to \u2018unwire\u2019.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Treatment Options<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It is important to recognise that Internet addiction may be a disease of contemporary society and new models of treatment are likely to emerge over time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abstinence is another option, however this is difficult due to the prevalence of the web in our lives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) and Harm Reduction Therapy (HRT) may be a useful therapeutic options.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using Technology to Support Recovery<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Virtual Reality (VR) has been identified as a potentially useful treatment for a number of mental health problems, i.e. anxiety, depression, and addiction.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Virtual Environments (VE) can support CBT interventions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gaming has been identified as useful in improving mood.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Computerised CBT (cCBT) has the potential to be used as a self-help or therapist-based tool and can cover a wide range of health difficulties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Computer gaming is useful in helping to treat children and adolescents with anxiety disorders.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Online counselling has been effective in offering treatment for a number of years now. COVID-19 has accelerated the growth and acceptance of online counselling and therapy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-query alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"wp-block-post-template is-layout-flow wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-1286 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-weblinks\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 12 \u2013 Useful Websites<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The CyberPsychology, Behavior and Social Networking (Mary Ann Libert, Inc.) is a monthly peer-reviewed journal that focuses on many aspects of online behaviour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/overview\/cyberpsychology-behavior-brand-social-networking\/10\/\">http:\/\/www.liebertpub.com\/overview\/cyberpsychology-behavior-brand-social-networking\/10\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Kimberly Young is an expert on Internet addiction. Her website \u2013 Net Addiction hosts a number of interesting papers and suggested readings.&nbsp; The Home page has a link to her TED Talk \u2013 \u2018A Growing Epidemic\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.netaddiction.com\">www.netaddiction.com<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Mark Griffiths is the director of the International Gaming Research Unit in Nottingham Trent University and has published widely in the area of behavioural addiction. You can read his articles on The Conversation here:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/mark-griffiths-116704\/articles\">https:\/\/theconversation.com\/profiles\/mark-griffiths-116704\/articles<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Dr. Amy Orben\u2019s list of publications includes research into social media, technology panics, social media and teenagers, and psychological well-being amongst others.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amyorben.com\/publication\/\">https:\/\/www.amyorben.com\/publication\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-1285 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-further-reading\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 12 \u2013 Further Reading<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The following book specifically focuses on real world application of human behaviour in relation to the use of the Internet. Specifically, Chapter 6 explores the term <em>Internet Addiction<\/em> from a clinical aspect.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Attrill, A. and Fullwood, C. (Ed.). (2016). <em>Applied Cyberpsychology: Practical Applications of Cyberpsychological Theory and Research<\/em>. Palgrave MacMillan.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Understanding psychological theory in relation to online behaviour is core to cyberpsychology. In this book, areas such as technology interaction and interactivity, health, gaming, and cybercrime are addressed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Attrill-Smith, A., Fullwood, C., Keep, M., and Kuss, D. J. (Eds.). (2018). The Oxford handbook of cyberpsychology. Oxford University Press.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Technology itself, is neither positive nor negative, how we use technology defines its positive and negative effects on areas such as well-being. Linda Kaye explores areas of screentime, gaming, the effects of technology, and gaming among other areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kaye, L. K. (2022). <em>Issues and Debates in Cyberpsychology<\/em>. McGraw Hill.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>In this article, Coyle, McGlade, Doherty and O\u2019Reilly (2011) explore the first adolescent therapeutic intervention to fully integrate a computer game into Cognitive Behavioural Therapy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Coyle, D., McGlade, N., Doherty, G., and O&#8217;Reilly, G. (2011). Exploratory evaluations of a computer game supporting cognitive behavioural therapy for adolescents. In\u00a0<em>Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems<\/em>\u00a0(pp. 2937\u20132946). ACM.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/www.davidcoyle.org\/docs\/Coyle%20et%20al%20CHI2011.pdf\">http:\/\/www.davidcoyle.org\/docs\/Coyle%20et%20al%20CHI2011.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The following two chapters from the book <em>Cyberpsychology<\/em> give an outline of the areas involved in online addiction and online counselling. Attrill, A. (Ed.). (2015).&nbsp;<em>Cyberpsychology<\/em>. Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chapters 11: The Psychology of Online Addictive Behaviour \u2013 Mark D. Griffiths<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter 13:\u00a0 Online Therapies and Counselling \u2013 Melanie Nguyen<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The three chapters from The Oxford Handbook of Cyberpsychology. Oxford University Press by Attrill-Smith, A., Fullwood, C., Keep, M., &amp; Kuss, D. J. (Eds.). (2019) may be of interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chapter 23: A psychological overview of Gaming Disorder \u2013 Daria J. Kuss, Halley Pontes, Orsolya Kiraly and Zsolt Demetrovics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter 25: The therapeutic and health benefits of playing video games \u2013 Mark Griffiths<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chapter 28:\u00a0 The psychosocial effects of gaming. Michelle Colder Carras, Rachel Kowert and Thornsten Quandt.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-1284 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-audio-and-video-links\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 12 \u2013 Audio and Video links<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>In her research, Amy Orben addresses concerns about screen-time and social media use on adolescent psychological well-being and mental health whilst considering the limitations of research and the moral panic that surrounds some media usage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orben, A., (2020). Screen time, social media \u2013 what do we know? University of Cambridge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=j1FQbowqgnQ\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=j1FQbowqgnQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Orben, A. (2021). Adolescent Social Media Use: A development-cognitive perspective. University of Cambridge<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1tnVRVwrmOA\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1tnVRVwrmOA<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pesky gNATs is a website developed by Handaxe CIC. This is a not-for-profit community and was founded by Dr. David Coyle and Dr. Gary O\u2019Reilly. &nbsp;The Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) computer game is aimed at young people who are suffering from mental health issues.&nbsp; This brief video gives an overview of how CBT can be applied in a therapeutic setting, which is engaging for young people and stigma-free.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/peskygnats.com\/\">http:\/\/peskygnats.com\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The COVID Generation is considered in this webinar available from the London School of Economics (LSE) facilitated by Professor Sonia Livingstone. Digital reliance increased over the course of the pandemic, the panel discusses how children\u2019s lives became digital practically overnight and considers how children could be served better in our current digital world.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/parenting4digitalfuture\/2021\/07\/07\/children-during-covid\/\">https:\/\/blogs.lse.ac.uk\/parenting4digitalfuture\/2021\/07\/07\/children-during-covid\/<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-261 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized content-type-content parent-book-40 resource-type-essay-questions\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 12 &#8211; Essay questions<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\">\n<li>Outline how the Internet can support people with poor mental health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discuss how online-gaming can be considered addictive.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Social Networking is a way of life for many people today.&nbsp; Compare and contrast the positive and negative aspects of Social Networking on mental health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Does Internet addiction really exist?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Evaluate how the Internet can act as a support to people with poor mental health.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Chapter 12 &#8211; Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"12\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"12\",\"quiz_name\":\"9780367552299 - Chapter 12\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"12\",\"pagekey\":\"VrTbKxuh\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":0,\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! 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quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm12\" id=\"quizForm12\" action=\"\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/354\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_12\" value=\"05e4776c72\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_12\" value=\"69eb989c182cc\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-132 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is Abnormal Psychology?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question132-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question132_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe scientific study of abnormal behaviour\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question132-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question132_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe study of different populations of people in psychology\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question132-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question132_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tResearch into odd behaviour\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question132-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question132_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tLooks at people who are not normal\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question132_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question132\" id=\"question132_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_132\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-133 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is the function of the DSM-5 and DSM-5TR?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question133-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question133_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo identify those at risk of mental health issues\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question133-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question133_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA history of mental illness in America\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question133-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question133_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA diagnostic tool used to diagnose Internet addiction\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question133-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question133_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA standard diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of mental illness\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question133_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question133\" id=\"question133_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_133\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-134 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following on-line activities may be conidered addictive? (Tick all that apply).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question134[]\" id=\"question134_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question134_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTikTok, Instegram, Facebook and social networking\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question134[]\" id=\"question134_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question134_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOnline gambling\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question134[]\" id=\"question134_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question134_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOnline gaming\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question134[]\" id=\"question134_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question134_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSurfing the Net\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_134\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-135 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Identify the online activities that can cause disruption to everday functioning? (Tick all that apply).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question135[]\" id=\"question135_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question135_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tConstant checking of a mobile phone\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question135[]\" id=\"question135_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question135_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tExcessive searching for online health information\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question135[]\" id=\"question135_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question135_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tChecking social media over 30 times a day\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question135[]\" id=\"question135_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question135_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tForgetting to charge your mobile phone\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_135\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-136 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which activities can Problematic Internet Use (PIU) be applied to? (Tick all that apply).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question136[]\" id=\"question136_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question136_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tMobile phone usage\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question136[]\" id=\"question136_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question136_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFacebook and social networking\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question136[]\" id=\"question136_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question136_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOnline gaming\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question136[]\" id=\"question136_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question136_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOnline gambling\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_136\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-137 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Nomaphobia is considered... (Tick all that apply).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question137[]\" id=\"question137_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question137_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe fear that you don't have the most up-to-date phone\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question137[]\" id=\"question137_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question137_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe fear that your phone battery will run down\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question137[]\" id=\"question137_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question137_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe fear of being out of phone contact\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question137[]\" id=\"question137_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question137_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe fear that you will lose your phone\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_137\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-138 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>The issues regarding the validation of the growing number of social media addiction scales include: (Tick all that apply).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question138[]\" id=\"question138_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question138_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe definition of the term 'addiction'\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question138[]\" id=\"question138_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question138_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe validation of social media addiction scales\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question138[]\" id=\"question138_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question138_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tTexting Thumb' due to repetitive stress injury\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question138[]\" id=\"question138_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question138_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe risk of relapse\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_138\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-139 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Virtual Reality is a treatment option available to the mental health practitioner. Why is it useful?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question139-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question139\" id=\"question139_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question139_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt is the only way treatment will be done in the future\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question139-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question139\" id=\"question139_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question139_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt is inexpensive\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question139-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question139\" id=\"question139_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question139_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tClients like it\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question139-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question139\" id=\"question139_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question139_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tProvides feedback in a controlled but motivating environment\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question139_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question139\" id=\"question139_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_139\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-140 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Pesky gNATS is an example of\u2026<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question140-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question140\" id=\"question140_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question140_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAn gnat swotting computer-game for children\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question140-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question140\" id=\"question140_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question140_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAn irritating creature that stings\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question140-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question140\" id=\"question140_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question140_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA thereuptic computer game that uses CBT to address anxiety problems in children\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question140-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question140\" id=\"question140_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question140_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAn online-computer game for nature lovers\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question140_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question140\" id=\"question140_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_140\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-4  question-section-id-141 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Online-counselling is a relatively new form of therapy. How can this be carried out? (Tick all that apply).<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class=\"qmn_check_answers mlwRequiredRadio\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question141[]\" id=\"question141_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question141_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tFace-to-face\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question141[]\" id=\"question141_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question141_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSynchronously\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question141[]\" id=\"question141_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question141_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAsynchronously\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_check_answer  mrq_checkbox_class\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"checkbox\" class=\"qsm-multiple-response-input\"  name=\"question141[]\" id=\"question141_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question141_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\te-mail\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_141\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"132Q133Q134Q135Q136Q137Q138Q139Q140Q141Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"12\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Technology is a really important part of today&#8217;s world and how we live our lives, enabling instant communication with friends and family. However, for some people, the Internet can be problematic. This chapter will look at how the Internet impacts mental health particularly in the arena of pathological Internet usage. It will also explore the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[1],"content-type":[34],"parent-book":[40],"resource-type":[32],"class_list":["post-354","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","content-type-chapter","parent-book-40","resource-type-chapter"],"acf":{"linked_book":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/354","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=354"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=354"},{"taxonomy":"parent-book","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/parent-book?post=354"},{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}