{"id":3146,"date":"2026-09-07T13:15:54","date_gmt":"2026-09-07T13:15:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/bpscoretextbooks\/content\/chapter-7-health-theories-and-models\/chapter-7-flashcards\/"},"modified":"2026-09-07T15:48:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-07T15:48:22","slug":"chapter-7-flashcards","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/9781032707433-chapter-7-flashcards\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 7 &#8211; Flashcards"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\" id=\"swiper-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Health enhancing behaviours\" data-back=\"Behaviours that are beneficial to health e.g. healthy eating, physical activity, vaccinations, preventative screening.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Health enhancing behaviours<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviours that are beneficial to health e.g. healthy eating, physical activity, vaccinations, preventative screening.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Health compromising behaviours\" data-back=\"Behaviours that are detrimental to health, e.g. smoking, binge drinking, risky sexual behaviours.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Health compromising behaviours<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Behaviours that are detrimental to health, e.g. smoking, binge drinking, risky sexual behaviours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Classical conditioning\" data-back=\"A type of associative learning based on reflexive behaviours.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Classical conditioning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A type of associative learning based on reflexive behaviours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Operant conditioning\" data-back=\"A type of learning based on voluntary behaviours that can be shaped by schedules of reinforcement.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Operant conditioning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A type of learning based on voluntary behaviours that can be shaped by schedules of reinforcement.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Social learning theory\" data-back=\"Observational learning that includes modelling the behaviour of others.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Social learning theory<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Observational learning that includes modelling the behaviour of others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Vicarious learning\" data-back=\"Learning from the experience of others.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Vicarious learning<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Learning from the experience of others.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Self efficacy\" data-back=\"A person&#8217;s belief in their own ability to accomplish a task or behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Self efficacy<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A person&#8217;s belief in their own ability to accomplish a task or behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Health locus of control\" data-back=\"The beliefs that people have over the control of their own health and health behaviours.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Health locus of control<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The beliefs that people have over the control of their own health and health behaviours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Health Belief model\" data-back=\"A social cognition model that tries to understand why people engage in health behaviours, based on perceived threat, modifying factors and likelihood of action.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Health Belief model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A social cognition model that tries to understand why people engage in health behaviours, based on perceived threat, modifying factors and likelihood of action.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Cues to action\" data-back=\"Internal (symptoms)or external factors (the media or healthcare invitations) that influence health behaviours.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Cues to action<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Internal (symptoms)or external factors (the media or healthcare invitations) that influence health behaviours.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Mammography\" data-back=\"X-rays that are used to examine the breasts for cancer.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Mammography<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>X-rays that are used to examine the breasts for cancer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Transtheoretical model\" data-back=\"A five-stage model used to explain behaviour that includes processes of change, self efficacy and decisional balance.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Transtheoretical model<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A five-stage model used to explain behaviour that includes processes of change, self efficacy and decisional balance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Theory of planned Behaviour\" data-back=\"A model used to predict behavioural intention, based on attitudes towards the behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Theory of planned Behaviour<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A model used to predict behavioural intention, based on attitudes towards the behaviour, subjective norms and perceived behavioural control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Intention-behaviour gap\" data-back=\"The inability to convert intentions into actions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Intention-behaviour gap<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The inability to convert intentions into actions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behaviour Change Wheel\" data-back=\"A structured way to describe, design and evaluate interventions that moves people from intention to action by focusing factors that influence behaviour.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behaviour Change Wheel<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A structured way to describe, design and evaluate interventions that moves people from intention to action by focusing factors that influence behaviour.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Behaviour change techniques\" data-back=\"The smallest precisely defined active ingredients used in interventions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Behaviour change techniques<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The smallest precisely defined active ingredients used in interventions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"Two-Eyes Seeing\" data-back=\"A model that incorporates Western and Indigenous knowledge, values and beliefs, so that Indigenous Peoples can benefit from both.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>Two-Eyes Seeing<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A model that incorporates Western and Indigenous knowledge, values and beliefs, so that Indigenous Peoples can benefit from both.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"The Medicine Wheel\" data-back=\"Represents a holistic Indigenous approach to health and healing that values harmony and connectedness in all aspects of life.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>The Medicine Wheel<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>Represents a holistic Indigenous approach to health and healing that values harmony and connectedness in all aspects of life.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" data-front=\"He Pikinga Waiora\" data-back=\"An indigenous model that has been used to guide the development of health interventions.\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\">\n                <p><p>He Pikinga Waiora<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"flashcard-instruction\">Click to Flip<\/div>\n              <\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>An indigenous model that has been used to guide the development of health interventions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div>\n        <div id=\"flip-announcement-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-nav\">\n      \n      <a class=\"swiper-button-prev swiper-button-prev-block_7573c2f5c65012c81dfbbc67cfe698d2\"><svg class=\"arrow-icon\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><polygon points=\"28.067,1 8,21.068 27.569,40.637 32.502,35.704 17.864,21.068 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