Chapter Summary<\/summary>\nThis chapter explores the emergence of feminist psychology as a radical critique of mainstream psychology\u2019s complicity with patriarchal power. Beginning with Phyllis Chesler\u2019s expos\u00e9 of sexual abuse by male therapists in the 1970s, the chapter uncovers how feminist psychologists revealed the gendered assumptions underpinning both theory and clinical practice. These pioneers did not merely seek inclusion in psychology; they demanded its transformation. Drawing on personal narratives, standpoint epistemology, and survey data, feminist psychologists challenged the neutrality of \u2018objective\u2019 knowledge and exposed the normative violence of universalising male perspectives. Through the work of key figures such as Naomi Weisstein, Sandra Bem, Carol Gilligan, and Gail Lewis, the chapter explores how feminist critiques reshaped concepts of identity, morality, care, and justice. Using the critical thinking tool of hegemony, it demonstrates how dominant assumptions become naturalised until made visible by critique. Ontologically, feminist psychology questioned binary sex categories and the pathologisation of femininity; epistemologically, it redefined what counted as valid knowledge; politically, it fought to change institutional structures and ethical norms. By the end of the twentieth century, feminist psychology had begun to reimagine the psychology as a platform for collective empowerment and change.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Chapter 32 – Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n