{"id":2803,"date":"2026-06-18T09:34:51","date_gmt":"2026-06-18T09:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/bpscoretextbooks\/?post_type=content&#038;p=2803"},"modified":"2026-06-23T14:59:38","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T14:59:38","slug":"chapter-21-mad-travellers-the-historical-ontology-of-psychological-categories","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/9781032933450-chapter-21-mad-travellers-the-historical-ontology-of-psychological-categories\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 21 &#8211; Mad Travellers: The Historical Ontology of Psychological Categories"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#eedbd1;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-7387b849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><nav style=\"--separator: &quot;\/&quot;\" class=\"wp-block-breadcrumbs\" aria-label=\"Breadcrumbs\"><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/\">Home<\/a><\/li><li><span aria-current=\"page\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Mad Travellers: The Historical Ontology of Psychological Categories<\/span><\/li><\/ol><\/nav>\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Mad Travellers: The Historical Ontology of Psychological Categories<\/h1>\n\n\n<details class=\"wp-block-details is-layout-flow wp-block-details-is-layout-flow\"><summary>Chapter Summary<\/summary>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This chapter investigates the idea that psychological categories, such as hysteria, intelligence, and personality, are not timeless features of human nature but historically contingent constructs. Drawing on Ian Hacking\u2019s concept of \u2018historical ontology\u2019, it introduces the idea of human kinds as \u2018moving targets\u2019: they emerge, shift, and sometimes disappear in response to specific social, scientific, and institutional conditions. Through the metaphor of the \u2018ecological niche\u2019, the chapter examines how certain psychological categories became thinkable, diagnosable, and real in particular moments, only to fade when the historical conditions change. It compares abandoned categories such as fugue, neurasthenia, and drapetomania with enduring ones such as emotion, motivation, and intelligence, whose meanings have been radically redefined over time. In doing so, it interrogates how ways of being and forms of suffering are brought into existence through classification systems, diagnostic practices, and expert discourse. The chapter also addresses epistemological, ontological, and power-related issues, arguing that psychological categories are produced through historically situated knowledge practices, not simply discovered. By the end, students are encouraged to rethink the stability of the categories they study, recognising that psychology\u2019s objects of knowledge are co-produced by culture, history, the human sciences, and the people who live through them.<\/p>\n<\/details>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Quiz<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-base-element-background-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"border-width:1px;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50)\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"58\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"58\",\"quiz_name\":\"9781032933467 \\u2013 Chapter 21\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"1\",\"contact_info_location\":\"0\",\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"58\",\"pagekey\":\"FcGrTcqw\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":\"0\",\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":\"0\",\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":\"0\",\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"2\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":0,\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":\"0\",\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":\"1\",\"section_comments\":1,\"total_questions\":24,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% 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ontology is the central critical thinking tool used in this chapter.\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"3\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:123:\\\"The term _ ontology describes how psychological kinds are brought into existence through historical and cultural processes.\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:1:\\\"4\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:21:\\\"image,application\\\/pdf\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":\"\",\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"historical\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-58 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm58\" id=\"quizForm58\" action=\"\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/2803\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_58\" value=\"ce081c911f\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_58\" value=\"6a3c9f79f0631\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-948 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>1.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What does the concept of &#039;historical ontology&#039; suggest about psychological categories? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question948-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question948\" id=\"question948_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question948_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are universally fixed across time.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question948-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question948\" id=\"question948_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question948_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are historically and culturally constructed.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question948-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question948\" id=\"question948_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question948_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are defined purely by biology.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question948-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question948\" id=\"question948_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question948_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are immune to social influence.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question948_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question948\" id=\"question948_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_948\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-949 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>2.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following was considered a psychological category in the 19th century but is now discredited? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question949-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question949\" id=\"question949_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question949_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurosis\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question949-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question949\" id=\"question949_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question949_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDrapetomania\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question949-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question949\" id=\"question949_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question949_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPersonality disorder\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question949-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question949\" id=\"question949_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question949_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAnxiety\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question949_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question949\" id=\"question949_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_949\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-950 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>3.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Who coined the concept of the &#039;looping effect&#039; in relation to psychological classification? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question950-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question950\" id=\"question950_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question950_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMichel Foucault\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question950-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question950\" id=\"question950_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question950_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIan Hacking\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question950-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question950\" id=\"question950_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question950_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tJean-Martin Charcot\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question950-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question950\" id=\"question950_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question950_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tWilliam James\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question950_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question950\" id=\"question950_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_950\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-951 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>4.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What is an &#039;ecological niche&#039; in the context of psychological categories? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question951-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question951\" id=\"question951_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question951_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA space where wild animals are observed.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question951-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question951\" id=\"question951_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question951_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe historical and cultural conditions that support a psychological category.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question951-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question951\" id=\"question951_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question951_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA universal property of human nature.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question951-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question951\" id=\"question951_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question951_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tA lab-based method for classifying disorders.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question951_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question951\" id=\"question951_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_951\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-952 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>5.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which diagnosis involved compulsive wandering and amnesia in the 19th century? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question952-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question952\" id=\"question952_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question952_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHysteria\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question952-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question952\" id=\"question952_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question952_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFugue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question952-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question952\" id=\"question952_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question952_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurasthenia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question952-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question952\" id=\"question952_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question952_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMPD\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question952_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question952\" id=\"question952_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_952\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-953 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>6.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What did &#039;feeblemindedness&#039; contribute to in early 20th-century psychology? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question953-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question953\" id=\"question953_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question953_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrauma-informed therapy\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question953-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question953\" id=\"question953_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question953_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tEugenic policies and institutionalisation\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question953-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question953\" id=\"question953_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question953_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tCognitive behavioural therapy\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question953-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question953\" id=\"question953_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question953_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tEducational reform\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question953_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question953\" id=\"question953_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_953\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-954 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>7.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What distinguishes a &#039;moving target&#039; category? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question954-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question954\" id=\"question954_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question954_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt remains fixed in meaning and use.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question954-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question954\" id=\"question954_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question954_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt shifts or transforms across historical contexts.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question954-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question954\" id=\"question954_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question954_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt is entirely subjective.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question954-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question954\" id=\"question954_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question954_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tIt is defined only by modern science.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question954_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question954\" id=\"question954_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_954\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-955 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>8.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of these categories shifted from a moral to a psychometric framework? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question955-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question955\" id=\"question955_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question955_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tHysteria\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question955-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question955\" id=\"question955_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question955_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPersonality\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question955-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question955\" id=\"question955_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question955_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMPD\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question955-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question955\" id=\"question955_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question955_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDrive\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question955_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question955\" id=\"question955_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_955\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-956 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>9.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>How did Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) become more widely recognised again in the late 20th century? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question956-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question956\" id=\"question956_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question956_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tVia ancient philosophical writings\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question956-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question956\" id=\"question956_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question956_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThrough shifts in diagnostic manuals and media attention\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question956-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question956\" id=\"question956_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question956_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tDue to military funding\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question956-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question956\" id=\"question956_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question956_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tBecause of brain imaging techniques\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question956_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question956\" id=\"question956_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_956\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-957 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>10.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What is the primary function of diagnostic systems like the DSM? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question957-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question957\" id=\"question957_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question957_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo eliminate all subjective experiences\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question957-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question957\" id=\"question957_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question957_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo classify and shape psychological categories\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question957-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question957\" id=\"question957_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question957_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo train neuroscientists\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question957-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question957\" id=\"question957_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question957_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTo study animal behaviour\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question957_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question957\" id=\"question957_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_957\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-11\" data-apid=\"11\" data-qpid=\"11\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-958 slide10 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>11.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which historical condition reflected anxiety about modern industrial life? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question958-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question958\" id=\"question958_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question958_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMelancholia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question958-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question958\" id=\"question958_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question958_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNeurasthenia\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question958-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question958\" id=\"question958_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question958_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPhrenitis\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question958-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question958\" id=\"question958_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question958_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAccidie\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question958_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question958\" id=\"question958_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_958\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-12\" data-apid=\"12\" data-qpid=\"12\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-959 slide11 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>12.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>What does the chapter argue about the ontological status of psychological categories? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question959-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question959\" id=\"question959_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question959_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are biologically predetermined.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question959-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question959\" id=\"question959_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question959_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are socially constructed and contingent on context.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question959-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question959\" id=\"question959_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question959_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey are fixed across all cultures.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question959-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question959\" id=\"question959_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question959_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThey have no real-world effects.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question959_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question959\" id=\"question959_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_959\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-13\" data-apid=\"13\" data-qpid=\"13\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-960 slide12 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>13.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Historical ontology argues that psychological categories are timeless and universal. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question960-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question960\" id=\"question960_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question960_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question960-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question960\" id=\"question960_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question960_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question960_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question960\" id=\"question960_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_960\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-14\" data-apid=\"14\" data-qpid=\"14\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-961 slide13 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>14.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>The concept of the &#039;looping effect&#039; suggests that classification can influence how people behave. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question961-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question961\" id=\"question961_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question961_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question961-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question961\" id=\"question961_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question961_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question961_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question961\" id=\"question961_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_961\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-15\" data-apid=\"15\" data-qpid=\"15\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-962 slide14 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>15.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Fugue was a widely recognised psychiatric diagnosis that has persisted into modern DSM editions. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question962-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question962\" id=\"question962_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question962_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question962-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question962\" id=\"question962_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question962_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question962_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question962\" id=\"question962_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_962\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-16\" data-apid=\"16\" data-qpid=\"16\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-963 slide15 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>16.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Hysteria was historically a diagnosis applied primarily to men working in industrial settings. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question963-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question963\" id=\"question963_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question963_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question963-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question963\" id=\"question963_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question963_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question963_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question963\" id=\"question963_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_963\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-17\" data-apid=\"17\" data-qpid=\"17\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-964 slide16 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>17.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Psychological categories can shape the lived experience of individuals as well as clinical practice. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question964-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question964\" id=\"question964_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question964_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question964-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question964\" id=\"question964_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question964_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question964_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question964\" id=\"question964_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_964\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-18\" data-apid=\"18\" data-qpid=\"18\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-965 slide17 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>18.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Power dynamics have played no significant role in the formation or disappearance of psychological categories. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question965-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question965\" id=\"question965_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question965_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question965-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question965\" id=\"question965_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question965_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question965_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question965\" id=\"question965_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_965\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-19\" data-apid=\"19\" data-qpid=\"19\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-3  question-section-id-966 slide18 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>19.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'><label class=\"qsm-question-title-label\" for=\"question966\">The diagnosis of _ was used in the American South to pathologise the desire of enslaved people to escape. <\/label><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input  type=\"text\" class=\"mlw_answer_open_text mlwRequiredText\" id=\"question966\" name=\"question966\"   Placeholder=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-20\" data-apid=\"20\" data-qpid=\"20\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-3  question-section-id-967 slide19 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>20.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'><label class=\"qsm-question-title-label\" for=\"question967\">Albert Dadas was diagnosed with _, a condition involving compulsive wandering and memory loss. <\/label><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input  type=\"text\" class=\"mlw_answer_open_text mlwRequiredText\" id=\"question967\" name=\"question967\"   Placeholder=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-21\" data-apid=\"21\" data-qpid=\"21\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-3  question-section-id-968 slide20 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>21.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'><label class=\"qsm-question-title-label\" for=\"question968\">_ psychology attempted to quantify mental traits such as intelligence and personality. <\/label><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input  type=\"text\" class=\"mlw_answer_open_text mlwRequiredText\" id=\"question968\" name=\"question968\"   Placeholder=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-22\" data-apid=\"22\" data-qpid=\"22\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-3  question-section-id-969 slide21 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>22.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'><label class=\"qsm-question-title-label\" for=\"question969\">William McDougall&#039;s theory of _ psychology centred on instinctual urges as the drivers of behaviour. <\/label><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input  type=\"text\" class=\"mlw_answer_open_text mlwRequiredText\" id=\"question969\" name=\"question969\"   Placeholder=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-23\" data-apid=\"23\" data-qpid=\"23\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-3  question-section-id-970 slide22 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>23.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'><label class=\"qsm-question-title-label\" for=\"question970\">The _ effect describes how people change their behaviour in response to being classified. <\/label><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input  type=\"text\" class=\"mlw_answer_open_text mlwRequiredText\" id=\"question970\" name=\"question970\"   Placeholder=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-24\" data-apid=\"24\" data-qpid=\"24\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-3  question-section-id-971 slide23 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class='mlw_qmn_question_number'>24.&nbsp;<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'><label class=\"qsm-question-title-label\" for=\"question971\">The term _ ontology describes how psychological kinds are brought into existence through historical and cultural processes. <\/label><\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<input  type=\"text\" class=\"mlw_answer_open_text mlwRequiredText\" id=\"question971\" name=\"question971\"   Placeholder=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"948Q949Q950Q951Q952Q953Q954Q955Q956Q957Q958Q959Q960Q961Q962Q963Q964Q965Q966Q967Q968Q969Q970Q971Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"24\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"24\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"58\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-query alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-query-is-layout-flow\"><ul class=\"wp-block-post-template is-layout-flow wp-block-post-template-is-layout-flow\"><li class=\"wp-block-post post-3005 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized content-type-content parent-book-48 resource-type-flashcards\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Flashcards<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<!-- Swiper -->\n<div class=\"swiper mySwiper\">\n    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Historical ontology<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A way of thinking about how psychological categories are made real through historical, cultural, and scientific processes, rather than being discovered as natural facts.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Moving targets<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A metaphor describing psychological categories as unstable and shifting over time, rather than fixed or permanent.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Ecological niche<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The specific historical, cultural, and institutional conditions that allow a psychological category to emerge, flourish, or disappear.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Looping effect<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A concept developed by Ian Hacking to describe how people classified under certain psychological categories begin to change in response to that classification, which then alters the category itself.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Fugue<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A once-recognised psychological condition involving compulsive wandering and amnesia, prominent in the late 19th century but now largely obsolete.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Hysteria<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A now-discredited diagnosis, historically applied primarily to women, that included a wide range of physical and psychological symptoms.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Neurasthenia<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A 19th-century diagnosis referring to nervous exhaustion caused by modern life, later replaced by more specific terms like anxiety and chronic fatigue.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Drapetomania<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A fabricated psychological disorder used in the 19th century to pathologise the desire of enslaved people to escape captivity.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Feeblemindedness<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A historical label used to classify people with low intelligence, often tied to eugenics and social control.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD)<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>A diagnosis involving the presence of distinct identities within a single individual, now largely replaced by Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Psychometrics<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The field of psychology concerned with measuring mental traits such as intelligence and personality through standardised tests.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Diagnosis<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>The process of identifying and naming a psychological condition, which can shape both the behaviour of individuals and how they are perceived.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <!-- Swiper Slide -->\n        <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n          <!-- Flashcard -->\n           <button class=\"flip-card\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n            <div class=\"flip-card-inner\">\n              <div class=\"flip-card-front\"><p><p>Power<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n              <div class=\"flip-card-back\"><p>In the context of psychology, the ability of experts and institutions to define, control, and legitimate what counts as &#8216;normal&#8217;, &#8216;mad&#8217;, or &#8216;disordered&#8217;.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/button>\n        <\/div>\n\n        \n        <div id=\"flashcard-instruction\" class=\"sr-only\">Press Enter or Space to flip the card<\/div><div id=\"flip-announcement\" class=\"sr-only\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\"><\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-next\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-button-prev\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n    \n<\/div>\n<div role=\"region\" aria-live=\"polite\" id=\"announcement\" class=\"visually-hidden\"><\/div>\n\n<script>\n\nvar swiper = new Swiper(\".mySwiper\", {\n    pagination: {\n    el: \".swiper-pagination\",\n    type: \"fraction\",\n    },\n    navigation: {\n    nextEl: \".swiper-button-next\",\n    prevEl: \".swiper-button-prev\",\n    },\n});\n\n\n\nconst flipCards = document.querySelectorAll('.flip-card');\n  const announcement = document.getElementById('announcement');\n\n  flipCards.forEach(flipCard => {\n    flipCard.addEventListener('click', () => {\n      flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n      const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n      \n      if (isFlipped) {\n        announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n      } else {\n        announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('keydown', event => {\n      if (event.key === 'Enter' || event.key === ' ') {\n        flipCard.classList.toggle('flipped');\n        const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n        const backContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-back');\n        const isFlipped = flipCard.classList.contains('flipped');\n        \n        if (isFlipped) {\n          announcement.textContent = `${backContent} is now visible.`;\n        } else {\n          announcement.textContent = `${frontContent} is now visible.`;\n        }\n      }\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('focus', () => {\n      const frontContent = flipCard.getAttribute('data-front');\n      announcement.textContent = `Card: ${frontContent}  Press Space or Enter to flip`;\n    });\n\n    flipCard.addEventListener('blur', () => {\n      announcement.textContent = '';\n    });\n  });\n<\/script><\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-2970 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized content-type-content parent-book-48 resource-type-further-reading\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Key Readings<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Brinkmann, S. (2005).&nbsp;Human kinds&nbsp;and looping effects in psychology.\u202f<em>Theory &amp; Psychology<\/em>,\u202f<em>15<\/em>(6), 769\u2013791.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959354305059332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959354305059332<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danziger, K. (1997).\u202f<em>Naming the mind:&nbsp;How psychology found its language<\/em>. Sage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hacking, I. (1992). Multiple personality disorder and its hosts.&nbsp;<em>History of the Human Sciences, 5<\/em>(2), 3-31.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095269519200500202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095269519200500202<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hacking, I. (2002).\u202f<em>Historical ontology<\/em>. Harvard University Press.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hacking, I. (2002).\u202f<em>Mad&nbsp;travelers:&nbsp;Reflections on the reality of transient mental illnesses<\/em>. Harvard University Press.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Harper, D. J. (1994). Histories of suspicion in a time of conspiracy: a reflection on Aubrey Lewis\u2019s history of paranoia.&nbsp;<em>History of the Human Sciences, 7<\/em>(3), 89-109.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095269519400700304\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095269519400700304<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kimball, M. M. (2000). From &#8220;Anna O.&#8221; to Bertha Pappenheim: Transforming private pain into public action<em>. History of Psychology, 3<\/em>(1), 20\u201343.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1093-4510.3.1.20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1093-4510.3.1.20<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Knight, I. F. (1984), Freud&#8217;s \u201cproject\u201d: A theory for Studies on Hysteria.&nbsp;<em>Journal of the History of the Behavioural Sciences, 20<\/em>(4), 340-358.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1520-6696(198410)20:4%3c340::AID-JHBS2300200404%3e3.0.CO;2-L\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1520-6696(198410)20:4&lt;340::AID-JHBS2300200404&gt;3.0.CO;2-L<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Low, K. G. (1997). Mad, but not Crazy.&nbsp;<em>Theory &amp; Psychology, 7<\/em>(2), 282-284.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959354397072014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0959354397072014<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rae, G. (2025). From reason to madness and back: Critiquing reason through the Derrida\u2013Foucault debate.&nbsp;<em>History of the Human Sciences, 0<\/em>(0).&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09526951251337677\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09526951251337677<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sass, L. A. (1994). Civilized madness: schizophrenia,&nbsp;self-consciousness&nbsp;and the modern mind.&nbsp;<em>History of the Human Sciences, 7<\/em>(2), 83-120.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095269519400700206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095269519400700206<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Smith, R. (2005). The history of psychological categories.\u202f<em>Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences<\/em>,\u202f<em>36<\/em>(1), 55\u201394.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.shpsc.2004.12.006\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.shpsc.2004.12.006<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-2930 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry category-uncategorized content-type-content parent-book-48 resource-type-essay-questions\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Reflective Questions<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What does the concept of \u2018historical ontology\u2019 reveal about the way psychological categories are created and\u00a0maintained?\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Why did \u2018fugue\u2019 as a psychological category appear and then vanish from psychiatric discourse?\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How does Ian Hacking\u2019s \u2018looping effect\u2019 challenge our understanding of diagnosis and classification in psychology?\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In what ways do power dynamics influence which psychological categories become legitimate or dominant?\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>How have categories such as \u2018emotion\u2019 or \u2018intelligence\u2019 changed over time, and what does this suggest about their ontological status?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><li class=\"wp-block-post post-2867 content type-content status-publish format-standard hentry content-type-content parent-book-48 resource-type-weblinks\">\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><h2 class=\"alignwide wp-block-post-title\">Chapter 21 &#8211; Weblinks<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"entry-content alignwide wp-block-post-content is-layout-flow wp-block-post-content-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>BBC In our Time: Hysteria (Educational Resource)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p004y27w\">https:\/\/www.bbc.co.uk\/programmes\/p004y27w<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This 45-minute episode of the BBC In Our Time radio show provides an interesting and comprehensive look at the history of hysteria as a diagnosis, and provides students with the ability to engage with the idea of shifting meanings in psychological categorisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Making up People \u2013 Ian Hacking<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lrb.co.uk\/the-paper\/v28\/n16\/ian-hacking\/making-up-people\">https:\/\/www.lrb.co.uk\/the-paper\/v28\/n16\/ian-hacking\/making-up-people<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This article gives an academic, but easily digestible explanation of the looping effect, and discusses historical ontology, giving an excellent way of increasing conceptual understanding for students.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Foucault: Madness &amp; Civilization (History of Madness) (YouTube video)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Q1uSC1skkY\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=8Q1uSC1skkY<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This 25-minute YouTube video gives a detailed overview of Foucault\u2019s \u2018History of Madness\u2019, and discusses some of the key theories spawned by this original piece of work. This is useful for students who want to connect with broader philosophical frameworks for psychological categorisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy \u2013 Michel Foucault (Educational Resource)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault\">https:\/\/plato.stanford.edu\/entries\/foucault<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;This webpage gives clear and detailed information about the life and work of Michel Foucault, his contributions to psychology and philosophy, and extensive resources for further reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u201cImproving the nation\u2019s stock for \u2018Great and Greater Britain\u2019: Eugenics in the 1920s\u201d \u2013National Archives (Educational Resource)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20speople-improving-the-nations-stock-for-great-and-greater-britain-eugenics-in-the-1920s\">https:\/\/blog.nationalarchives.gov.uk\/20speople-improving-the-nations-stock-for-great-and-greater-britain-eugenics-in-the-1920s<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This webpage provides an interesting insight into the practical aspects of the eugenics practises in Great Britain in the 1920s, including quotations from important figures like Galton and figures for students to use to expand their understanding of this concept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Case Of Billy Milligan: The Man With 24 Different Personalities (YouTube Video)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VJRz3hZDWNA\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=VJRz3hZDWNA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This 12-minute YouTube video gives an overview of the concept of split personalities, and goes into his life and experience with the disorder in accessible levels of detail for students looking to expand their contemporary understanding of these concepts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 21 &#8211; Quiz<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"single-chapter","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[],"content-type":[34],"parent-book":[48],"resource-type":[32],"class_list":["post-2803","content","type-content","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","content-type-chapter","parent-book-48","resource-type-chapter"],"acf":{"linked_book":""},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/2803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2803"},{"taxonomy":"content-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content-type?post=2803"},{"taxonomy":"parent-book","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/parent-book?post=2803"},{"taxonomy":"resource-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/bpscoretextbooks\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/resource-type?post=2803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}