{"id":25,"date":"2025-06-19T14:57:17","date_gmt":"2025-06-19T14:57:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/barnettcal\/?post_type=content&#038;p=25"},"modified":"2025-06-20T09:53:53","modified_gmt":"2025-06-20T09:53:53","slug":"useful-websites","status":"publish","type":"content","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/barnettcal\/useful-websites\/","title":{"rendered":"Useful Websites"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 1: General Introduction&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inter-Parliamentary Union. A source of Information on national parliaments across the world. Includes a database of bibliographic references: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipu.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ipu.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The British and Irish Legal Information Institute. This site provides access to the most comprehensive set of British and Irish primary legal materials that are available for free and in one place on the internet: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bailii.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.bailii.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UK Parliament. The official UK parliamentary website featuring the daily work of both houses, House of Commons and House of Lords. Parliamentary debates are available daily, featuring the decision-making process on big issues of the day, such as Prime Minister\u2019s Questions Time (PMQs) and current bills before the Westminster Parliament: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.parliament.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Constitutional Law research site from University of Chicago. A US site but an invaluable guide to researching Constitutional Law on the Internet containing material from all over the world: <a href=\"http:\/\/www2.lib.uchicago.edu\/~llou\/conlaw.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www2.lib.uchicago.edu\/~llou\/conlaw.html<\/a>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 2: Fundamental Constitutional Concepts&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The United Nations and the rule of law: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/ruleoflaw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.un.org\/ruleoflaw\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The UK Constitution Society regularly publishes papers by leading experts on a wide range of constitutional topics. They organise occasional conferences and seminars on issues of current constitutional importance, attended by leading experts from the civil service, academia and the legal profession as well as senior politicians: <a href=\"https:\/\/consoc.org.uk\/the-constitution-explained\/the-uk-constitution\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/consoc.org.uk\/the-constitution-explained\/the-uk-constitution\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Constitutional Law Association publishes weekly academic and scholarly papers and blogs by highly regarded academics: <a href=\"https:\/\/ukconstitutionallaw.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ukconstitutionallaw.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The British Institute of International and Comparative Law (The Bigham Centre). Events and fellowships: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.biicl.org\/index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.biicl.org\/index<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The World Justice Project deals with the rule of law in global projects: <a href=\"https:\/\/worldjusticeproject.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/worldjusticeproject.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 3: The European Union&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The official site of the European Union. History, featured news, learning resources, principles and the main institutions: <a href=\"https:\/\/europa.eu\/european-union\/index_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/europa.eu\/european-union\/index_en<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The official site of the European Parliament. Learn about the European Parliament, including topics, latest news, videos and live streamings, legislative tools, and relevant social media: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/portal\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/portal\/en<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>European Commission. The EU executive, the office of the president, policies and law-making: <a href=\"https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/commission.europa.eu\/index_en<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Council of the European Union. The Council of the EU is where national ministers from each EU country\u202fmeet to adopt laws and coordinate policies. The Council of the EU takes decisions on European laws jointly with the European Parliament: <a href=\"https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/institutions-law-budget\/institutions-and-bodies\/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies\/council-european-union_en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/european-union.europa.eu\/institutions-law-budget\/institutions-and-bodies\/search-all-eu-institutions-and-bodies\/council-european-union_en<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The European Court of Justice (Luxembourg) also known as the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). All about the EU judiciary and all statistical facts: <a href=\"https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/Jo2_7024\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/jcms\/Jo2_7024\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 4: Central, Regional and Local Government&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Government of Wales \u2013 The Welsh Assembly: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.wales\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.wales\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Scottish Parliament: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.scot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.parliament.scot<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Northern Ireland Assembly: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.niassembly.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.niassembly.gov.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The official UK government website for citizens: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.direct.gov.uk\/en\/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.direct.gov.uk\/en\/index.htm<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Cabinet Office is at the centre of government, making government work better. This website brings together information from ministerial offices (the Executive): <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The official web site of the Prime Minister and a source for all the latest news and releases from Downing Street: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.number10.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.number10.gov.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Useful information about local government services: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/topic\/local-government\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/topic\/local-government<\/a>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 5: Parliament&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The home page for the United Kingdom Parliament: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.parliament.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.parliament.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A list of all Bills currently before Parliament (and from 2006\/07 onwards), with explanatory notes and amendments: <a href=\"https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Electoral Commission is the independent body which oversees elections and regulates political finance in the UK. A source of further information about the electoral process within the UK and electronic voter registration: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.electoralcommission.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.electoralcommission.org.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 6: The Individual and the State&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Legal Action Group &#8211; a national, independent charity which campaigns for equal access to justice for all members of society: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lag.org.uk\/\">http:\/\/www.lag.org.uk\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Information Commissioner&#8217;s Office &#8211; the UK&#8217;s independent authority set up to promote access to official information and to protect personal information: <a href=\"https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Council of Europe: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/portal\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/portal\/home<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.echr.coe.int\/home<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Information Commissioner&#8217;s Office \u2013 the UK&#8217;s independent authority set up to promote access to official information and to \u201cempower you through information\u201d: <a href=\"https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Council of Europea anti-torture Commission conducts prison and police cell inspections in the 47 member states and The CPT visits places of detention and assesses how persons deprived of their liberty are treated in order to strengthen their protection from torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/cpt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.coe.int\/en\/web\/cpt<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The International Labour Organisation ILO) is devoted to promoting social justice and internationally recognised human and labour rights, pursuing its founding mission that social justice is essential to universal and lasting peace. The only tripartite U.N. agency, since 1919 the ILO brings together governments, employers and workers of\u202f187 Member States, to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes promoting decent work for all women and men: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ilo.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Equality and Human Rights Commission, an\u202findependent statutory body\u202fwith the responsibility to encourage equality and diversity, eliminate unlawful discrimination, and protect and promote the human rights of everyone in Britain: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.equalityhumanrights.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.equalityhumanrights.com\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 7: Judges and the Legal System&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The Law Commission. Find out what the Law Commission is and what it does. You can access text of all recent reports and consultation papers, plus see summaries of current official law reform projects: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.lawcom.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.lawcom.gov.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Courts and Tribunals Judiciary. Provides an insight into the working lives of the nearly 42,000 judicial office holders in England and Wales &#8211; judges, tribunal members and magistrates: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.judiciary.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.judiciary.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Official website of the UK Ministry of Justice, providing information about courts, tribunals, prisons, probation and procedural rules: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.justice.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/www.justice.gov.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judiciary of Northern Ireland: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.judiciaryni.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.judiciaryni.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Judiciary of Scotland: <a href=\"https:\/\/judiciary.scot\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/judiciary.scot\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The UK Supreme Court: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.supremecourt.uk<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Official judiciary website to provide a search engine for all judgments: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.judiciary.uk\/judgments\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.judiciary.uk\/judgments\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Judicial Appointments Commission (JAC) selects candidates for judicial office in England and Wales, and for some tribunals with UK-wide powers: <a href=\"https:\/\/judicialappointments.gov.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/judicialappointments.gov.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Bar Standards Board. Regulates barristers and specialised legal services businesses in England and Wales in the public interest: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.barstandardsboard.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.barstandardsboard.org.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faculty of Scottish Advocates. Provides information and assistance to barristers and advocates in Scotland: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.advocates.org.uk\/about-advocates\/life-at-the-scottish-bar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.advocates.org.uk\/about-advocates\/life-at-the-scottish-bar<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Law Society of England and Wales. The independent body for solicitors in England\/ Wales: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawsociety.org.uk\/en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.lawsociety.org.uk\/en<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Solicitors Regulation Authority. Provides a full solicitors\u2019 register (England\/ Wales) and information about the Solicitor Qualifying Examination (SQE): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sra.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.sra.org.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Government Legal Department: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/government-legal-department\/about\/recruitment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/government-legal-department\/about\/recruitment<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Part 8: Introduction to Administrative Law\u00a0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ombudsman Association. This site provides a list of ombudsman schemes: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ombudsmanassociation.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ombudsmanassociation.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Run by the Parliamentary Health Service, this site provides information about ombudsmen as well as advice about what to do to make a complaint: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olso.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.olso.org\/<\/a>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>HM Courts and Tribunal Services \u2013 including the administrative courts and judicial review: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/hm-courts-and-tribunals-service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/organisations\/hm-courts-and-tribunals-service<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filing a claim for judicial review (Form n461): <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/form-n461-judicial-review-claim-form-administrative-court\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/form-n461-judicial-review-claim-form-administrative-court<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman. Independently investigates complaints about UK government departments, other public organisations and the NHS in England. The service is free, fair and open to everyone: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ombudsman.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.ombudsman.org.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Northern Ireland Public Ombudsman Service. A free service which investigates complaints about public services in Norther Ireland: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nipso.org.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.nipso.org.uk\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Scottish public service ombudsman. The free of charge Scottish Public Services Ombudsman (SPSO) is the final stage for complaints about most public services in Scotland: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.spso.org.uk\/spso\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.spso.org.uk\/spso<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Find an inquiry \u2013 UK Government: <a href=\"https:\/\/committees.parliament.uk\/inquiries\/?showadvanced=true&amp;currentlyacceptingevidence=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/committees.parliament.uk\/inquiries\/?showadvanced=true&amp;currentlyacceptingevidence=true<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statutory Public Inquiries \u2013 House of Commons Library: <a href=\"https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/sn06410\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/commonslibrary.parliament.uk\/research-briefings\/sn06410\/<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Public inquiries \u2013 Institute of Government: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/public-inquiries\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.instituteforgovernment.org.uk\/explainer\/public-inquiries<\/a>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"template":"single-chapter","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"class_list":["post-25","content","type-content","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/barnettcal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/barnettcal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/content"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/barnettcal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/content"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/barnettcal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}