{"id":101,"date":"2024-08-01T19:55:20","date_gmt":"2024-08-01T19:55:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/?p=101"},"modified":"2026-01-26T22:05:40","modified_gmt":"2026-01-26T22:05:40","slug":"chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading alignwide\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-4-ritual\">Chapter 4: Ritual&nbsp;<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-element-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-summary\">Chapter Summary<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video\"><video height=\"1080\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 1920 \/ 1080;\" width=\"1920\" controls src=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/Chapter-4-Summary.mp4\"><\/video><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-chapter-summary\">Rituals Matching Activity<\/h2>\n\n\n<script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"18\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"18\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 4 - Matching\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":0,\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"18\",\"pagekey\":\"Zilta2Zo\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":0,\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":0,\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":0,\"is_logged_in\":false,\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\",\"empty_grid_radio_checkbox_text\":null,\"empty_audio_text\":\"Please upload audio!\"},\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-18 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz  quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm18\" id=\"quizForm18\" action=\"\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_18\" value=\"29cbb9ad53\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_18\" value=\"69cf955c11cee\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-15 question-section-id-64 \" data-qid=\"64\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Match each ritual type to the correct description by dragging and dropping. <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t<div class=\"qsm-matching-pairs\">\r\n\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"random_key_64\" value=\"qsm_match_pairs_array_key_555879837\" \/>\r\n\t\t<div class=\"qsm-left-option\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-569\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-staging.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/3-298x300.png\" alt=\"wheel of all the zodiac signs\" width=\"298\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/3-298x300.png 298w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/3-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/3-768x773.png 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/3.png 1017w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 298px) 100vw, 298px\" \/><br \/><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227918682 BCX0\">Many people read their daily horoscopes to try to predict what may happen during the day. What<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW227918682 BCX0\">\u00a0kind of ritual would reading daily horoscopes be considered?<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-567\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-staging.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/1-Thanksgiving-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/1-Thanksgiving-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/1-Thanksgiving-768x509.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/1-Thanksgiving.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/><span class=\"TextRun SCXW179604163 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW179604163 BCX0\">Thanksgiving is the celebration of abundance and harvest. What kind of ritual is this?<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-566\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-staging.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/6-300x168.jpg\" alt=\"image of a funeral\" width=\"300\" height=\"168\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/6-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/6-1024x574.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/6-768x430.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/6.jpg 1074w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/><span class=\"TextRun SCXW3622555 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW3622555 BCX0\">A funeral is an important ritual for families and the community. What kind of ritual is this?<\/span><\/span><span class=\"EOP SCXW3622555 BCX0\" data-ccp-props=\"{}\">\u00a0<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-4\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-565\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-staging.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/5-300x197.jpg\" alt=\"Salaht (or Salat) is the Islamic practice of daily prayer\" width=\"300\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/5-300x197.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/5.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/><span class=\"NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW141067593 BCX0\">Salaht<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW141067593 BCX0\">\u00a0(or Salat) is the Islamic practice of daily prayer. What kind of ritual is this?<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-5\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-564\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-staging.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/4-300x199.jpg\" alt=\"image of a horse\" width=\"300\" height=\"199\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/4-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/4-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/4.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38624220 BCX0\">Horse therapy is a program used to treat\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38624220 BCX0\">numerous<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38624220 BCX0\">\u00a0emotional disorders, including\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38624220 BCX0\">the mental health condition of\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW38624220 BCX0\">PTSD. What kind of ritual is this treatment program?<\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-6\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-568\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn-staging.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/2-300x196.jpg\" alt=\"boat is being christened with a bottle of champagne\" width=\"300\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/2-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/2-1024x668.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/2-768x501.jpg 768w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/2-1536x1001.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/cdn.routledgelearning.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/assets\/sites\/19\/2.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><br \/><span class=\"TextRun SCXW152347195 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW152347195 BCX0\">In this photo a boat is being christened with a bottle of champagne. What kind of ritual is this?<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><div class=\"qsm-right-option qsm-match-sortable\" data-qid=\"64\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-1\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-move\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"TextRun SCXW228530072 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228530072 BCX0\">Technological Ritual\/Rite<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228530072 BCX0\">\u00a0of Intensification<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW228530072 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW228530072 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<input class=\"qsm_matching_pairs\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"0\" name=\"question64[]\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-2\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-move\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"TextRun SCXW172291587 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW172291587 BCX0\">Ideological Ritual\/Rite of Passage<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW172291587 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW172291587 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<input class=\"qsm_matching_pairs\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"5\" name=\"question64[]\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-3\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-move\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW33751841 BCX0\">Technological Ritual\/<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW33751841 BCX0\">Protective Ritual<\/span>\t\t\t\t<input class=\"qsm_matching_pairs\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"1\" name=\"question64[]\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-4\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-move\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"TextRun SCXW70847890 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70847890 BCX0\">\u00a0<\/span><\/span><span class=\"TextRun SCXW70847890 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW70847890 BCX0\">Therapy Ritual<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<input class=\"qsm_matching_pairs\" type=\"hidden\" value=\"3\" name=\"question64[]\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm_mc_answer_wrap\" id=\"question64-5\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"dashicons dashicons-move\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"TextRun SCXW72802581 BCX0\" lang=\"EN-US\" xml:lang=\"EN-US\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW72802581 BCX0\">Ideological Ritual\/Social Rite of Intensification<\/span><\/span>\t\t\t\t<input 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fields!\",\"empty_audio_text\":\"Please upload audio!\"},\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script><style type='text\/css' id='qmn_quiz_template-css'>.mlw_qmn_quiz {\r\n    line-height: 20px;\r\n}<\/style>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-4 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz  quiz_theme_default random '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm4\" id=\"quizForm4\" action=\"\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_4\" value=\"6785266a45\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_4\" value=\"69cf955c18a32\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script>\n\t\t\t\tconst qsmExpiry = new Date();\n\t\t\t\tqsmExpiry.setTime(qsmExpiry.getTime() + (365*24*60*60*1000));\n\t\t\t\tlet expires = \"expires=\"+ qsmExpiry.toUTCString();\n\t\t\t\tdocument.cookie = \"question_ids_4 = 21,18,19,20,22; \"+expires+\"; path=\/\";\n\t\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"qsm-page \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-21 \" data-qid=\"21\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>The Sabbath service observed at different times by Christian and Jewish communities is an example of which kind of ritual? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question21-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question21\" id=\"question21_1\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question21_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tanti-ideology ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question21-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question21\" id=\"question21_2\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question21_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\ttechnological ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question21-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question21\" id=\"question21_3\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question21_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\trevitalization ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question21-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question21\" id=\"question21_4\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question21_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tsocial rite of intensification\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question21-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question21\" id=\"question21_5\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question21_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\trites of passage\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question21_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question21\" id=\"question21_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_21\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-18 \" data-qid=\"18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following most accurately defines a ritual? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question18-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question18\" id=\"question18_1\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question18_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\ta tradition that has occurred over at least two generations\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question18-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question18\" id=\"question18_2\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question18_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\ta ceremony that includes the presence of deities\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question18-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question18\" id=\"question18_3\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question18_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tany event or performance that occurs within a sacred space or time\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question18-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question18\" id=\"question18_4\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question18_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tan event or ceremony which is repetitive or recurring\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question18-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question18\" id=\"question18_5\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question18_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tan event or ceremony which involves audience participation\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question18_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question18\" id=\"question18_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_18\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-19 \" data-qid=\"19\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>A ritual that is enacted only when it is needed is referred to as a: <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question19-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question19\" id=\"question19_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question19_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tsituational ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question19-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question19\" id=\"question19_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question19_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tprescriptive ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question19-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question19\" id=\"question19_3\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question19_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tsecular ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question19-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question19\" id=\"question19_4\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question19_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\trite of passage\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question19-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question19\" id=\"question19_5\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question19_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tcalendrical ritual\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question19_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question19\" id=\"question19_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_19\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-20 \" data-qid=\"20\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Which of the following is not a technological ritual? <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question20-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question20\" id=\"question20_1\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question20_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tdivination rituals\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question20-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question20\" id=\"question20_2\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question20_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\trevitalization rituals\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question20-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question20\" id=\"question20_3\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question20_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tprotective rituals\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question20-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question20\" id=\"question20_4\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question20_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\trites of intensification\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question20-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question20\" id=\"question20_5\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question20_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\trituals which influence nature\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question20_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question20\" id=\"question20_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_20\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0 question-section-id-22 \" data-qid=\"22\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Tabu, kashrut, menstrual taboos, and other directions provided within the religious system are collectively referred to as: <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p><\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question22-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question22\" id=\"question22_1\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question22_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\treligious orders\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question22-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question22\" id=\"question22_2\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question22_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\treligious obligations\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question22-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question22\" id=\"question22_3\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question22_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\trevitalization rites\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question22-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question22\" id=\"question22_4\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question22_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\ttechnological operations\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question22-5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question22\" id=\"question22_5\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question22_5\">\n\t\t\t\t\tan age set\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question22_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question22\" id=\"question22_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_22\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"21Q18Q19Q20Q22Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"4\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"quiz_answer_random_ids\" id=\"quiz_answer_random_ids_4\" value=\"a:5:{i:21;a:5:{i:0;i:4;i:1;i:3;i:2;i:1;i:3;i:2;i:4;i:0;}i:18;a:5:{i:0;i:4;i:1;i:0;i:2;i:3;i:3;i:1;i:4;i:2;}i:19;a:5:{i:0;i:0;i:1;i:1;i:2;i:3;i:3;i:2;i:4;i:4;}i:20;a:5:{i:0;i:2;i:1;i:4;i:2;i:1;i:3;i:0;i:4;i:3;}i:22;a:5:{i:0;i:1;i:1;i:2;i:2;i:3;i:3;i:4;i:4;i:0;}}\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time's up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-videos\">Case Studies&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Marriage is practiced across cultures, but the ways different societies celebrate this rite of passage may vary greatly. View the following websites and choose ten different marriage traditions that interest you.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Summarize\/explain the tradition and where it is practiced&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How is this ritual or practice different from one you know from your own culture? Does it also have things in common with a ritual you know?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Why do you think there are so many different rituals surrounding marriage?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.insider.com\/wedding-traditions-around-the-world-2018-4\">https:\/\/www.insider.com\/wedding-traditions-around-the-world-2018-4<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/khushmag.com\/categories\/features\/features\/15-unusual-wedding-traditions-from-across-the-world-\/12195\">https:\/\/khushmag.com\/categories\/features\/features\/15-unusual-wedding-traditions-from-across-the-world-\/12195<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theknot.com\/content\/favorite-wedding-traditions-from-around-the-world\">https:\/\/www.theknot.com\/content\/favorite-wedding-traditions-from-around-the-world<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-border-color has-contrast-border-color has-background is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"background-color:#fae6dc3d;padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--40)\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-additional-learning-activities\">Study Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Study Questions Chapter 4 \u2013 Ritual&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What are the functions of ritual in our individual and collective lives? Why is ritual an important element across cultures?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>What is an age set? In what age sets are you a member? Consider various institutions such as healthcare (paediatrics?), education, political\/civic organizations (voting? driving?), religion.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Secular rituals are part of our daily lives. Describe your (ordinary) day based on rituals performed in your home, workplace, or school.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Consider your college experience as a rite of passage. Describe your experience (or projected experience) of the stages of this rite of passage\u2014separation, transition, and incorporation. Which stage are you in now?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If possible, attend a public ceremony or ritual (e.g., ethnic dances, sporting events, religious services) and describe how people dress and behave. What ritual obligations do you observe? What is the purpose of this ceremony and what are the various roles that individuals have?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Disasters and human suffering often precipitate religious rituals. What types of tragedies do you think might generate religious rituals? What forms do these rituals take? What functions do they serve?&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-further-reading-video-links\">Further Reading &amp; Video Links&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suggested Readings <\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Davis-Floyd, Robbie and Charles Laughlin. <em>The Power of Ritual<\/em> (Daily Grail Publishing, 2016). Two anthropologists examine the effects of ritual on human belief and behavior and its impacts on multiple areas of human life.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Powers, William K. <em>Yuwipi. Vision and Experience in Oglala Ritual <\/em>(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1982). Anthropologist Powers offers the first complete translation of a Lakota Yuwipi ritual based on his fieldwork and interviews with participants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rappaport, Roy, A. <em>Ritual and Religion in the Making of Humanity<\/em> (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1999). Anthropologist Rappaport examines the significance of ritual as an adaptive mechanism in human evolution.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Thomlinson, Matt. <em>Ritual Textuality: Pattern and Motion in Performance<\/em> (Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2014). In this long-term study of Pentecostal congregations on Fiji, Thomlinson examines the ideological power of religious ritual.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Walker, James R. <em>Lakota Belief and Ritual<\/em>, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie and Elaine A. Jahner (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 1980). Edited interviews conducted by Walker with Lakota holy men in Pine Ridge Reservation between 1896 and 1914, regarding the pipe ceremony, sweat lodge, and vision quest.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Young, David E. and Jean-Guy Goulet, eds., <em>Being Changed by Cross-Cultural Encounters. The Anthropology of Extraordinary Experience<\/em> (Peterborough, Ontario, Canada: Broadview Press, 1994). Anthropologists describe spiritual encounters and extraordinary experiences while conducting fieldwork and attending rituals.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suggested Websites&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/pluralism.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/pluralism.org\/<\/a> (essays on the changing religious landscape in today\u2019s world)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/crcc.usc.edu\/topic\/religious-beliefs-and-rituals\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/crcc.usc.edu\/topic\/religious-beliefs-and-rituals\/<\/a> (experts from USC Center for Religion and Civil Culture discuss religion and ritual)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.oukosher.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">www.oukosher.org<\/a> (a website on the meaning of kosher and Jewish dietary obligations)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/halalfoundation.org\/insights\/what-is-halal\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/halalfoundation.org\/insights\/what-is-halal\/<\/a> (The Halal Foundation and Islamic dietary obligations)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/international-travel\/before-you-go\/travelers-with-special-considerations\/hajj-umrah.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/travel.state.gov\/content\/travel\/en\/international-travel\/before-you-go\/travelers-with-special-considerations\/hajj-umrah.html<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hajinformation.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.hajinformation.com\/<\/a> (official U.S and Saudi Arabia websites on the hajj pilgrimage)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Suggested Video<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>The History of Ideas: Rituals (The School of Life &#8211; <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q_xJpVlry14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q_xJpVlry14<\/a> \u2013 an examination of how modern societies have dropped rituals from our calendars in comparison to traditional societies&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Inside New Orleans\u2019 Most Sacred Ritual<\/em> &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/inside-black-new-orleans-most-sacred-ritual-f4flcn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/inside-black-new-orleans-most-sacred-ritual-f4flcn\/<\/a> &#8211; discusses the Black Masking Indians and the Super Sunday Ritual during Mardi Gras&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>First Civilizations \u2016 Ritual <\/em>\u2016 Episode 2 \u2013 PBS &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/ritual-nvrzrj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/video\/ritual-nvrzrj\/<\/a> &#8211; anthropologist Dimitris Xygalatas records the ritual of Sufis in Istanbul to see how the physical experience affects their bodies&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-column-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<p><strong>On this page<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-base-background-color has-background is-horizontal is-content-justification-space-between is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5e7b7713 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-chapter-4-ritual\">Chapter 4: Ritual<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-chapter-summary\">Chapter Summary<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-theories-of-anthropology-quiz\">Multiple Choice Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-videos\">Case Studies<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-additional-learning-activities\">Study Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-further-reading-video-links\">Further Reading &amp; Video Links<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chapter 4: Ritual&nbsp; Chapter Summary Rituals Matching Activity Multiple Choice Questions&nbsp; Case Studies&nbsp; Marriage is practiced across cultures, but the ways different societies celebrate this rite of passage may vary greatly. View the following websites and choose ten different marriage traditions that interest you.&nbsp; https:\/\/www.insider.com\/wedding-traditions-around-the-world-2018-4 https:\/\/khushmag.com\/categories\/features\/features\/15-unusual-wedding-traditions-from-across-the-world-\/12195 https:\/\/www.theknot.com\/content\/favorite-wedding-traditions-from-around-the-world Study Questions Study Questions Chapter 4 \u2013 Ritual&nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"no-title","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=101"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":626,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/101\/revisions\/626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/anthreligionmagicwitchcraft\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}