{"id":81,"date":"2025-07-09T15:32:32","date_gmt":"2025-07-09T15:32:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/?p=81"},"modified":"2025-08-14T22:03:44","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T22:03:44","slug":"chapter-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/chapter-4\/","title":{"rendered":"Chapter 4"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-the-origins-of-american-political-principles\">Political Socialization and Public Opinion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>This chapter deals with the role that political socialization and mass opinion play within the American polity. It discusses the enculturation process of political socialization through primary and secondary groups as they transmit the American political culture to the next generation. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the structure of public opinion as exhibited among informed, interested elites juxtaposed against unknowing and uncaring masses. While there is a unifying American creed around major issues such as individualism, Americans display a great variation at the individual and group levels as to the specifics of public opinion as measured against issues, events, and personalities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Public opinion is further distributed by showing distinct differences in issue stances relative to various demographic groups within our society divided along class, race, ethnic, and gender lines. For instance, there is a discernible gender gap in public opinion between men and women and a significant racial gap between white people and black people. Additionally, we read how public opinion polling\/surveying developed from its anecdotal origins to become scientific. Since then, polling has been used in diverse ways with different types of surveys employed for different purposes, including campaigning (tracking polls), analyzing (preference polling), reporting (opinion surveys), and even forecasting (exit polls). Lastly, this chapter provides a basic division of political ideology between liberals, populists, libertarians, and conservatives along dimensions measuring the amount of intervention by the government into the economy and the degree of personal freedoms supported within the society.&nbsp; The American paradox of voters holding conflicting ideological positions is considered.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-quizzes\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#333333;border-bottom-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0;line-height:1\">Quizzes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-7db9d80f wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-width:2px;background-color:#c1ccd61a;padding-right:0;padding-left:0;line-height:1\"><script>\n                            if (window.qmn_quiz_data === undefined) {\n                                    window.qmn_quiz_data = new Object();\n                            }\n                    <\/script><script>window.qmn_quiz_data[\"5\"] = {\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"quiz_name\":\"Chapter 4\",\"disable_answer\":0,\"ajax_show_correct\":0,\"progress_bar\":\"0\",\"contact_info_location\":0,\"qpages\":{\"1\":{\"id\":\"1\",\"quizID\":\"5\",\"pagekey\":\"ggqaLAT5\",\"hide_prevbtn\":\"0\"}},\"skip_validation_time_expire\":0,\"timer_limit_val\":0,\"disable_scroll_next_previous_click\":0,\"disable_scroll_on_result\":0,\"disable_first_page\":0,\"enable_result_after_timer_end\":0,\"enable_quick_result_mc\":0,\"end_quiz_if_wrong\":0,\"form_disable_autofill\":0,\"disable_mathjax\":0,\"enable_quick_correct_answer_info\":\"0\",\"quick_result_correct_answer_text\":\"Correct! You have selected correct answer.\",\"quick_result_wrong_answer_text\":\"Wrong! You have selected wrong answer.\",\"quiz_processing_message\":\"\",\"quiz_limit_choice\":\"Limit of choice is reached.\",\"not_allow_after_expired_time\":0,\"scheduled_time_end\":false,\"prevent_reload\":\"\",\"limit_email_based_submission\":0,\"total_user_tries\":0,\"is_logged_in\":false,\"pagination\":{\"amount\":1,\"section_comments\":\"\",\"total_questions\":10,\"previous_text\":\"Previous\",\"next_text\":\"Next\",\"start_quiz_survey_text\":\"Start Quiz\",\"submit_quiz_text\":\"Submit\"},\"error_messages\":{\"email_error_text\":\"Not a valid e-mail address!\",\"number_error_text\":\"This field must be a number!\",\"incorrect_error_text\":\"The entered text is not correct!\",\"empty_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"contact_field_required_error_text\":\"Please complete all required fields!\",\"url_error_text\":\"The entered URL is not valid!\",\"minlength_error_text\":\"Required atleast %minlength% characters.\",\"maxlength_error_text\":\"Maximum %maxlength% characters allowed.\",\"recaptcha_error_text\":\"ReCaptcha is missing\",\"phone_error_text\":\"Phone number is invalid\"},\"question_list\":{\"33\":{\"question_id\":\"33\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"Americans tend to support the general principles of our political culture, therefore when asked about specific applications of those principles they tend to answer in predictable ways.\",\"answer_array\":\"a:3:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:5:\\\"True \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:124:\\\"False; they often contradict their espoused general principles and they disagree about the core meaning of those principles.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:104:\\\"False; they usually cannot answer the specific questions due to their low levels of political knowledge.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 1\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"True \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"False; they often contradict their espoused general principles and they disagree about the core meaning of those principles.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"False; they usually cannot answer the specific questions due to their low levels of political knowledge.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"34\":{\"question_id\":\"34\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"What did Louis Hartz mean when he described American colonial society as a \\u201cfragment society\\u201d? \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:94:\\\"The English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of English society.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:99:\\\"The English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of Europeans in general.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:122:\\\"The English immigrants that came to America were not representative of Europeans or even the English themselves generally.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:122:\\\"The English immigrants that came to America were internally fragmented along racial, societal, class, and religious lines.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 2\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"The English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of English society.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of Europeans in general.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The English immigrants that came to America were not representative of Europeans or even the English themselves generally.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The English immigrants that came to America were internally fragmented along racial, societal, class, and religious lines.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"35\":{\"question_id\":\"35\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"What is political socialization\\u2019s relationship to political culture?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:25:\\\"There is no relationship.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:128:\\\"Political socialization is the process by which political culture is transmitted from those immersed in it to those who are not.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:122:\\\"Political socialization is the process by which children and immigrants \\u201cplace their mark\\u201d upon the political culture.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:128:\\\"Political culture is the process by which political socialization is transmitted from those immersed in it to those who are not.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 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upon the political culture.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Political culture is the process by which political socialization is transmitted from those immersed in it to those who are not.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"36\":{\"question_id\":\"36\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"What differentiates primary from secondary groups relative to their respective roles as \\u201cagents of political socialization?\\u201d\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:86:\\\"The constancy of interaction is the main differentiating point between the two groups.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:60:\\\"There are no discernible differences between the two groups.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:96:\\\"The organization of the two groups is different with one being more hierarchical than the other.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:109:\\\"The leadership of the two groups is what differentiates them, with one being more centralized than the other.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 4\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"The constancy of interaction is the main differentiating point between the two groups.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"There are no discernible differences between the two groups.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The organization of the two groups is different with one being more hierarchical than the other.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The leadership of the two groups is what differentiates them, with one being more centralized than the other.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"37\":{\"question_id\":\"37\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"Which of the following is a sensible rule of thumb to use when deciding whether or not to trust a poll?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:115:\\\"Good polls come from those actors actively involved in the issue or event about which respondents are being polled.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:90:\\\"Good polls come from those organizations that have reputational incentives to be accurate.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:54:\\\"There are no good polls; avoid relying on any of them.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:60:\\\"Good polls are the ones that tell you what you want to hear.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 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them.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Good polls are the ones that tell you what you want to hear.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"38\":{\"question_id\":\"38\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"What is political ideology?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:103:\\\"An organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the political world and how it works\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:28:\\\"The same thing as a religion\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:30:\\\"The same thing as a philosophy\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:107:\\\"An organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the politics of culture and how it 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6\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"An organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the political world and how it works\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The same thing as a religion\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The same thing as a philosophy\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"An organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the politics of culture and how it works\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"39\":{\"question_id\":\"39\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"Which one of the following is a statement of the classic paradox in American public opinion?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:72:\\\"Most Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend less.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:71:\\\"Most Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend more.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:72:\\\"Most Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend more.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:71:\\\"Most Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend less.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 7\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Most Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend less.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Most Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend more.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Most Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend more.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Most Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend less.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"40\":{\"question_id\":\"40\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"Which one of the following statements is not true regarding public opinions of American citizens?  \",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:79:\\\"Most Americans hold to certain broad ideas or predispositions about politics.  \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:135:\\\"New information, mediated through an American voter\\u2019s predispositions, generally leads to a decision with which they are comfortable.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:77:\\\"Americans have detailed information about institutions, leaders, or policies.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:101:\\\"The least informed Americans find political information so mystifying that they ignore it completely.\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 8\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"Most Americans hold to certain broad ideas or predispositions about politics.  \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"New information, mediated through an American voter\\u2019s predispositions, generally leads to a decision with which they are comfortable.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"Americans have detailed information about institutions, leaders, or policies.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"The least informed Americans find political information so mystifying that they ignore it completely.\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"41\":{\"question_id\":\"41\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"Political scientist Heather Cox Richardson has warned, \\u201cAmerica is at a crossroads\\u201d due to which of the following?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:42:\\\"spending exorbitantly on federal programs \\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:39:\\\"engaging in numerous wars and conflicts\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:42:\\\"teetering on the brink of authoritarianism\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:42:\\\"ignoring the deep racial divide of society\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:10:\\\"Question 9\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"spending exorbitantly on federal programs \",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"engaging in numerous wars and conflicts\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"teetering on the brink of authoritarianism\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"ignoring the deep racial divide of society\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]},\"42\":{\"question_id\":\"42\",\"quiz_id\":\"5\",\"question_name\":\"Freedom House has expressed concern in its recent comparative study of world democracies: The United States has slipped lower than every established democracy in Western Europe, especially with regard to American political culture\\u2019s commitment to which of the following?\",\"answer_array\":\"a:4:{i:0;a:5:{i:0;s:20:\\\"liberty and equality\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:1;a:5:{i:0;s:40:\\\"limited government and constitutionalism\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:2;a:5:{i:0;s:15:\\\"the rule of law\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}i:3;a:5:{i:0;s:12:\\\"All of these\\\";i:1;s:0:\\\"\\\";i:2;s:1:\\\"1\\\";i:3;s:0:\\\"\\\";s:5:\\\"label\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}}\",\"answer_one\":\"\",\"answer_one_points\":\"0\",\"answer_two\":\"\",\"answer_two_points\":\"0\",\"answer_three\":\"\",\"answer_three_points\":\"0\",\"answer_four\":\"\",\"answer_four_points\":\"0\",\"answer_five\":\"\",\"answer_five_points\":\"0\",\"answer_six\":\"\",\"answer_six_points\":\"0\",\"correct_answer\":\"0\",\"question_answer_info\":\"\",\"comments\":\"1\",\"hints\":\"\",\"question_order\":\"0\",\"question_type\":\"0\",\"question_type_new\":\"0\",\"question_settings\":\"a:13:{s:14:\\\"question_title\\\";s:11:\\\"Question 10\\\";s:8:\\\"required\\\";i:0;s:12:\\\"answerEditor\\\";s:4:\\\"text\\\";s:15:\\\"featureImageSrc\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:11:\\\"matchAnswer\\\";s:6:\\\"random\\\";s:14:\\\"case_sensitive\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:14:\\\"answer_columns\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"image_size-width\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"image_size-height\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:8:\\\"autofill\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:23:\\\"limit_multiple_response\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:17:\\\"file_upload_limit\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";s:16:\\\"file_upload_type\\\";s:0:\\\"\\\";}\",\"category\":\"\",\"linked_question\":null,\"deleted\":\"0\",\"deleted_question_bank\":\"0\",\"answers\":[{\"0\":\"liberty and equality\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"limited government and constitutionalism\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"the rule of law\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"},{\"0\":\"All of these\",\"1\":\"\",\"2\":\"1\",\"3\":\"\",\"label\":\"\"}]}},\"first_page\":false,\"questions_settings\":[]}\n                    <\/script>\t\t<div class='qsm-quiz-container qsm-quiz-container-5 qmn_quiz_container mlw_qmn_quiz qsm_auto_pagination_enabled quiz_theme_default  '>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<form name=\"quizForm5\" id=\"quizForm5\" action=\"\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81\/\" method=\"POST\" class=\"qsm-quiz-form qmn_quiz_form mlw_quiz_form\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" id=\"qsm_hidden_questions\" value=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_nonce\" id=\"qsm_nonce_5\" value=\"d81b07cda4\">\n\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qsm_unique_key\" id=\"qsm_unique_key_5\" value=\"69cf79cf8b212\">\n\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<span id=\"mlw_top_of_quiz\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-1\" data-apid=\"1\" data-qpid=\"1\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-33 slide0 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 1 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Americans tend to support the general principles of our political culture, therefore when asked about specific applications of those principles they tend to answer in predictable ways.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question33-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question33\" id=\"question33_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question33_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tTrue\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question33-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question33\" id=\"question33_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question33_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse; they often contradict their espoused general principles and they disagree about the core meaning of those principles.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question33-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question33\" id=\"question33_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question33_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tFalse; they usually cannot answer the specific questions due to their low levels of political knowledge.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question33_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question33\" id=\"question33_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_33\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-2\" data-apid=\"2\" data-qpid=\"2\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-34 slide1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 2 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What did Louis Hartz mean when he described American colonial society as a \u201cfragment society\u201d? <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of English society.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe English immigrants that came to America were seen to be representative of Europeans in general.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe English immigrants that came to America were not representative of Europeans or even the English themselves generally.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question34-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question34_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe English immigrants that came to America were internally fragmented along racial, societal, class, and religious lines.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question34_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question34\" id=\"question34_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_34\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-3\" data-apid=\"3\" data-qpid=\"3\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-35 slide2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 3 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is political socialization\u2019s relationship to political culture?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThere is no relationship.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPolitical socialization is the process by which political culture is transmitted from those immersed in it to those who are not.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPolitical socialization is the process by which children and immigrants \u201cplace their mark\u201d upon the political culture.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question35-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question35_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tPolitical culture is the process by which political socialization is transmitted from those immersed in it to those who are not.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question35_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question35\" id=\"question35_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_35\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-4\" data-apid=\"4\" data-qpid=\"4\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-36 slide3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 4 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What differentiates primary from secondary groups relative to their respective roles as \u201cagents of political socialization?\u201d<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe constancy of interaction is the main differentiating point between the two groups.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThere are no discernible differences between the two groups.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe organization of the two groups is different with one being more hierarchical than the other.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question36-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question36_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe leadership of the two groups is what differentiates them, with one being more centralized than the other.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question36_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question36\" id=\"question36_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_36\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-5\" data-apid=\"5\" data-qpid=\"5\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-37 slide4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 5 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which of the following is a sensible rule of thumb to use when deciding whether or not to trust a poll?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGood polls come from those actors actively involved in the issue or event about which respondents are being polled.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGood polls come from those organizations that have reputational incentives to be accurate.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThere are no good polls; avoid relying on any of them.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question37-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question37_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tGood polls are the ones that tell you what you want to hear.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question37_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question37\" id=\"question37_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_37\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-6\" data-apid=\"6\" data-qpid=\"6\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-38 slide5 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 6 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>What is political ideology?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAn organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the political world and how it works\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe same thing as a religion\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe same thing as a philosophy\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question38-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question38_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAn organized and coherent set of ideas that forms a perspective on the politics of culture and how it works\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question38_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question38\" id=\"question38_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_38\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-7\" data-apid=\"7\" data-qpid=\"7\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-39 slide6 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 7 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which one of the following is a statement of the classic paradox in American public opinion?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMost Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend less.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMost Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend more.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMost Americans want higher taxes and they want government to spend more.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question39-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question39_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMost Americans want lower taxes and they want government to spend less.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question39_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question39\" id=\"question39_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_39\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-8\" data-apid=\"8\" data-qpid=\"8\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-40 slide7 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 8 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Which one of the following statements is not true regarding public opinions of American citizens?  <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tMost Americans hold to certain broad ideas or predispositions about politics.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tNew information, mediated through an American voter\u2019s predispositions, generally leads to a decision with which they are comfortable.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAmericans have detailed information about institutions, leaders, or policies.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question40-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question40_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tThe least informed Americans find political information so mystifying that they ignore it completely.\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question40_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question40\" id=\"question40_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_40\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-9\" data-apid=\"9\" data-qpid=\"9\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-41 slide8 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 9 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Political scientist Heather Cox Richardson has warned, \u201cAmerica is at a crossroads\u201d due to which of the following?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tspending exorbitantly on federal programs\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tengaging in numerous wars and conflicts\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tteetering on the brink of authoritarianism\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question41-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question41_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tignoring the deep racial divide of society\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question41_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question41\" id=\"question41_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_41\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row qsm-question-page qsm-apc-10\" data-apid=\"10\" data-qpid=\"10\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"quiz_section qsm-question-wrapper question-type-0  question-section-id-42 slide9 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_new_question'>Question 10 <\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class='mlw_qmn_question  qsm_remove_bold' >\n\t\t<p>Freedom House has expressed concern in its recent comparative study of world democracies: The United States has slipped lower than every established democracy in Western Europe, especially with regard to American political culture\u2019s commitment to which of the following?<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\t<fieldset>\n\t\t<legend><\/legend>\n\t<div class='qmn_radio_answers mlwRequiredRadio'>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-1 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_1\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_1\">\n\t\t\t\t\tliberty and equality\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-2 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_2\" value=\"1\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_2\">\n\t\t\t\t\tlimited government and constitutionalism\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-3 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_3\" value=\"2\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_3\">\n\t\t\t\t\tthe rule of law\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qmn_mc_answer_wrap  mrq_checkbox_class\" id=\"question42-4 \">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type='radio' class='qmn_quiz_radio qmn-multiple-choice-input ' name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_4\" value=\"3\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<label class=\"qsm-input-label\" for=\"question42_4\">\n\t\t\t\t\tAll of these\t\t\t\t\t<\/label>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t \t\t\t<label style=\"display: none !important;\" for=\"question42_none\">None<\/label>\n\t\t\t<input type=\"radio\" style=\"display: none;\" name=\"question42\" id=\"question42_none\" checked=\"checked\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/fieldset>\n\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"answer_limit_keys_42\" value=\"\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .quiz_section -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><!-- .qsm-auto-page-row -->\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_question_list\" value=\"33Q34Q35Q36Q37Q38Q39Q40Q41Q42Q\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"qsm-auto-page-row quiz_section quiz_end empty_quiz_end qsm-d-none\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"mlw_error_message_bottom\" class=\"qsm-error-message qmn_error_message_section\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" id=\"qmn_all_questions_count\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"total_questions\" id=\"total_questions\" value=\"10\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer\" id=\"timer\" value=\"0\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"timer_ms\" id=\"timer_ms\" value=\"0\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type=\"hidden\" class=\"qmn_quiz_id\" name=\"qmn_quiz_id\" id=\"qmn_quiz_id\" value=\"5\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t<input type='hidden' name='complete_quiz' value='confirmation' \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/form>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div style=\"display: none;\" class=\"qsm-popup qsm-popup-slide\" id=\"modal-4\" aria-hidden=\"false\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__overlay\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-micromodal-close=\"\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__container qmn_quiz_container\" role=\"dialog\" aria-modal=\"true\"><div class=\"qsm-popup__content\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-content\/plugins\/quiz-master-next\/assets\/clock.png\" alt=\"clock.png\"\/><p class=\"qsm-time-up-text\"> Time&#8217;s up<\/p><\/div><footer class=\"qsm-popup__footer\"><button class=\"qsm-popup-secondary-button qmn_btn\" data-micromodal-close=\"\" aria-label=\"Close this dialog window\" onclick=\"location.reload();\">Cancel<\/button><\/footer><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-critical-thinking-exercises\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#333333;border-bottom-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0;line-height:1\">Critical Thinking Exercises<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-exercise-1\">Exercise 1<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The values of the American creed inform our life, political culture, and public policy in the United States.&nbsp; Major political issues gender equality have been and continue to be at the forefront of politics.&nbsp; Worldwide, attitudes toward gender equality in other societies vary greatly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit <a href=\"https:\/\/worldpublicopinion.net\/\">https:\/\/worldpublicopinion.net\/<\/a> and investigate the diverse national opinions as to why such a variety of attitudes exists.&nbsp; In particular, see if you can identify key differences in other nations\u2019 political cultures and values when compared and contrasted with those of the American creed.&nbsp; Break into groups of three or four, discuss your findings, and be prepared to report back a group response to the following questions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Identify one country that appears to be culturally similar and one country that appears less similar to the U.S. with regard to attitudes toward gender equality.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Discuss the basis for your identification. Speculate on how policy formation would be different and\/or similar to that of the U.S. in these two countries regarding issues of gender equality.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-exercise-2\">Exercise 2<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Diversity and immigration have been constant facts of American life since the colonial period. Today our media focuses much of its attention on the rise of Hispanic immigration and the potential impact of these new Americans on voting behavior, party politics, and American political culture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/\">http:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/<\/a> and spend some time examining the demographic and polling data on Hispanic voters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>How does voter turnout in this population modulate their impact?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are the majorities in these polls large enough to make firm statements about Hispanics as a category?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To what extent does this data help you understand differences within the Hispanic community (e.g. differences of Cuban vs. Mexican vs. Guatemalan community behaviors)?&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-exercise-3\">Exercise 3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>In recent years, the variety of social media has transformed national and even global communications and sharing of information and ideas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/15\/14-of-americans-have-changed-their-mind-about-an-issue-because-of-something-they-saw-on-social-media\/\">http:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2018\/08\/15\/14-of-americans-have-changed-their-mind-about-an-issue-because-of-something-they-saw-on-social-media\/<\/a> to see what impact social media has on public opinion in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Compare and contrast the study\u2019s results with regard to the following variables: gender, race, age, and political party affiliation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Do any of the study\u2019s findings adequately explain the impact of your own use of social media on your political thinking?&nbsp; Why or why not?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Are there other variables that this study should have included?&nbsp; Why or why not?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-layout-flow wp-block-group-is-layout-flow\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-useful-links\" style=\"border-bottom-color:#333333;border-bottom-width:2px;margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);padding-left:0;line-height:1\">Useful Links<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-links-to-further-content-exploring-the-themes-covered-in-this-chapter\" style=\"line-height:1\">Links to further content exploring the themes covered in this chapter<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-pew-foundation-report-on-religion-in-america\"><a href=\"http:\/\/religions.pewforum.org\/\">Pew Foundation Report on Religion in America<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-pew-foundation-report-on-gay-marriage-in-america\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/politics\/2019\/05\/14\/majority-of-public-favors-same-sex-marriage-but-divisions-persist\">Pew Foundation Report on Gay Marriage in America<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-pew-hispanic-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pewhispanic.org\/\">Pew Hispanic Center<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-pew-hispanic-center-report\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pewresearch.org\/fact-tank\/2020\/10\/16\/latino-voters-have-growing-confidence-in-biden-on-key-issues-while-confidence-in-trump-remains-low\">Pew Hispanic Center Report <\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Report showing that most Latinos are more optimistic about Biden and less so about Trump<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-un-women\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.unwomen.org\/en\">UN Women<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The global champion for gender equality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-gay-and-lesbian-rights-gallup\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/1651\/Gay-Lesbian-Rights.aspx\">Gay and Lesbian Rights- Gallup<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-race-relations-gallup\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.gallup.com\/poll\/1687\/Race-Relations.aspx\">Race Relations- Gallup<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-the-state-of-free-speech-and-tolerance-in-america\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cato.org\/survey-reports\/state-free-speech-tolerance-america\">The State of Free Speech and Tolerance in America<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-roper-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ropercenter.cornell.edu\/\">Roper Center<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the main website for the Roper Public Opinion Center containing a body of archived polls divided by issues and specific to certain elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-polling-report-iraq\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.pollingreport.com\/iraq.htm\">Polling Report&#8211;Iraq<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>As an example of the above, this is a recent report on a Gallup Poll done regarding the Iraq War.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-rasmussen-reports\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.rasmussenreports.com\/\">Rasmussen Reports<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site contains an array of polls dealing with public opinion topics in a number of areas including politics. It also has a tab that can be clicked on to get access to public opinion video analyses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-american-national-election-studies\"><a href=\"https:\/\/electionstudies.org\/\">American National Election Studies<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is a scholarly base polling organization that sponsors routine national level surveys on the state of American public opinion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-general-social-survey\"><a href=\"https:\/\/gss.norc.org\/\">General Social Survey<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site represents another scholarly based polling organization; its methods are deemed not as sophisticated as those followed by the American National Election Studies, but it has a more complete archival set to examine public opinion holistically.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-cnn-election-center-2024\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnn.com\/election\/2024\">CNN Election Center 2024<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This archived site includes a number of polls relating to the 2024 presidential election as well as descriptive analyses of the actual outcomes of the election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-real-clear-politics\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/\">Real Clear Politics<\/a><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site deals with various polls collected by Real Clear Politics including \u201cpolls of polls,\u201d which average the results of a number of polls relative to personalities, issues, and events in the 2024 presidential election.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-real-clear-politics-videos\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.realclearpolitics.com\/video\/\">Real Clear Politics Videos<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site contains an ever-changing litany of political videos reflecting the public opinion issues of the day. Most of the videos are lifted from conventional news sources.<strong><u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-fivethirtyeight\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fivethirtyeight.com\/politics\/\"><strong>FiveThirtyEight<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site examines all aspects American politics, especially on presidential elections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-migration-policy-institute\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.migrationpolicy.org\/\">Migration Policy Institute<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This site is operated by the non-partisan, not-for-profit think tank dedicated to research concerning global migration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-fair-organization\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fair.org\">FAIR Organization<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Homepage of Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting, which is a media watchdog agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-u-s-census\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.census.gov\/\">U.S. Census<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Statistics regarding American population demographics. Also, provides future economic trends and projections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-u-s-citizenship-and-immigration-service\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.uscis.gov\">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Data and statistics available for federal governmental agencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-u-s-equal-employment-opportunity-commission\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.eeoc.gov\/eeoc\/publications\/brochure-equal_pay_and_ledbetter_act.cfm\">U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) is responsible for enforcing federal laws that make it illegal to discriminate against a job applicant or an employee, including the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-american-national-election-studies\"><a href=\"https:\/\/electionstudies.org\/\">American National Election Studies<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the main Web page for the American National Election Studies; it provides a plethora of polling data relevant to American presidential and mid-term election cycles. This is excellent for up-to-date empirics on the condition of the American electorate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-pew-research-center\"><a href=\"http:\/\/people-press.org\/\">Pew Research Center<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the main Web page for the Pew Research Center a non-partisan public opinion analysis organization that sponsors and studies polls dealing with a plethora of issues including American national politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-annenberg-public-policy-center\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.annenbergpublicpolicycenter.org\/\">Annenberg Public Policy Center<\/a><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This is the main Web page of the Annenberg Public Policy Center which sponsors national election surveys and provides public analysis of them especially regarding policy issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aioseo-prri\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.prri.org\/about\/\">PRRI<\/a><strong><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>PRRI (Public Religion Research Institute) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization dedicated to conducting independent research and news reporting at the intersection of religion, culture, and public policy.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex wp-container-1 is-position-sticky\"><div class=\"wp-block-aioseo-table-of-contents\"><ul><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-quizzes\">Quizzes<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-critical-thinking-exercises\">Critical Thinking Exercises<\/a><\/li><li><a class=\"aioseo-toc-item\" href=\"#aioseo-useful-links\">Useful Links<\/a><ul><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Political Socialization and Public Opinion This chapter deals with the role that political socialization and mass opinion play within the American polity. It discusses the enculturation process of political socialization through primary and secondary groups as they transmit the American political culture to the next generation. Furthermore, this chapter deals with the structure of public&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-81","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":413,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/81\/revisions\/413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=81"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/routledgelearning.com\/americangovernment\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}